Burning Winter was badly scolded. As early as when the film was selected as "a kind of attention unit" in Cannes Film Festival, the lineup of Zhou Dongyu, Haoran Liu and Qu Chuxiao was announced, which aroused public concern and heated discussion. Last year, after their love affair was exposed, Zhou Dongyu and Haoran Liu became the target of public criticism, and the cooperative film Burning Winter also attracted people’s imagination (the movie title is the same as the two names), so netizens began to feel sorry for Qu Chuxiao, "The burning of Haoran Liu, the winter of Zhou Dongyu, and the bending of Qu Chuxiao are silent".

After "Burning Winter" was officially released, as expected, there were many criticisms of the film. Up to now, the box office of Burning Winter is only 20 million, and the douban score is only 6.2 points. Some netizens described Burning Winter as just like drinking Beijing bean juice. It is purely curious to see it, and it is the same as drinking bean juice.

Anthony Chen, the director of Burning Winter, has a lot of connections. He won many awards such as Cannes Golden Camera Award and Golden Horse Best New Director for "My Parents Are Away", and later won many awards for "Tropical Rain". Although Burning Winter was shortlisted in Cannes, it was not bought by the audience and suffered "Waterloo".

Why "Burning Winter" overturned? First of all, it deceived the audience. Let’s see how the film promotes Burning Winter. It was chosen to be shown in Chinese Valentine’s Day, emphasizing the nature of this romantic film. In the official preview, it was called "Three-person Healing Journey", which attracted the public to see it under the banner of "Healing" and "Love". Only after the audience finished watching it did they realize that this was not the case. In addition, the declaration and return of Burning Winter is contradictory. First it was "love", then it was "friendship" in a blink of an eye. Playing both "love card" and "friendship card", the announcement of Burning Winter will gain traffic.

The dislocation of the announcement made the audience feel cheated, so it was entirely their own fault to be scolded and scored low. Previous films such as "The Last Night of the Earth" and "The Summer Future" were also misplaced and attracted condemnation, so don’t try to deceive the audience. "The audience’s eyes are discerning."

Burning Winter is not about love, so what is it? Let’s sort out the story line. Three youths, Nana (Zhou Dongyu), Haofeng (Haoran Liu) and Han Xiao (Qu Chuxiao) meet in Yanji in winter. Nana was originally a national flower skater. She left the national team because of injury and became a tour guide in Yanji. Haofeng is engaged in finance in Shanghai and is also a mentally ill person. He came to Yanji to attend the wedding. Han Xiao dropped out of school very early, followed his family to Yanji to open a restaurant and became close to Nana. They all met in Yanji with their own knots and puzzles. When they parted, they began to put aside the past and go back to face real life. In short, their relationship is not love, no past and no future.

How does the film present this process? It’s very simple. First, open your own scars, and then heal them. How is the scar exposed? The film uses a very gimmicky way, which is "passionate play". When Haofeng had sex with Nana, Haofeng discovered Nana’s scar, which made Nana begin to face the past and start to heal. Obviously, there are many ways to deal with it, but the director has used a way that is unacceptable to the audience. The scenes of the latter two in the bathroom were also treated in this way, which caused the audience to question "Is this really a literary film?" . But what is even more unacceptable is that the film defines the relationship as "love" with this relationship between the two people. Is it too superficial to see love?

Another defect of Burning Winter is the lack of image expression. There are many images in the film, but how to express images to highlight the theme of the film needs to be considered. For example, the image of "ice cubes" makes many viewers wonder. Why do you cry when you chew ice cubes? Why let the ice drop on your face, and then start crying? What do you mean by the last three people passing ice? In fact, if you dig deeper, you may understand that what Haofeng wanted to express at first was that the pain of mental illness was digested by himself, and then it was dissolved and melted by dripping on his face, and finally it was passed on to Nana and Han Xiao to share the pain and get comfort. However, this kind of treatment is very artificial, which makes the audience feel uncomfortable and makes the role appear vulgar. The audience’s evaluation is quoted as "three smelly and dirty tramps".

Finally, let’s talk about the actors’ acting skills. Among the three, Qu Chuxiao’s acting performance is the best and most natural. And Zhou Dongyu gives people the impression that everything she plays has the shadow of her previous role, which makes people jump easily. The worst acting skill is Haoran Liu. First of all, this role is not suitable for him. The financial man with a beard has nothing to do with him, and his acting skills are very dull, which makes this role look like a nerd.

Special feature of 1905 film network Our interview with screenwriter Jia-nan Ran was about the second day after the film was released. At that time, there were a lot of comments on the Internet, and the box office results were even more straightforward.

　

"I have been watching the box office last night and brushed it to 12 o’clock. My school sister (Li Huiyan, another screenwriter of the movie "Red Fox Scholar") is also brushing watercress comments and telling me that the more I watch, the more I can’t sleep. " There was some helplessness and disappointment in her tone, and finally she confided, "Just do what you can."

This sentence seems to be her comfort to herself, and it also seems to have laid a certain conclusion for our interview that day.

　

Jia-nan Ran is the first screenwriter of the film "The Scholar of the Red Fox", and took over this project in 2015, before Jiang Zhiqiang, the owner of Anle Film.

　

After the manuscript was finished, there was no following for this project. As a result, it came to Boss Jiang in 2018. At that time, the two were engaged in the creation of the project "Hulu Brothers", so the other party asked the screenwriter Yang Weiwei to retouch this script many years ago in order to make her concentrate more on it.

　

"The general things haven’t changed, just some minor changes. The main thing is to change the setting of the black fox. Originally, I wrote about a river god, and the final battle was in the river, with a lot of ice, snow and water. I think it may have been changed because of the cost of special effects. "

　

Anyway, after the film "The Scholar of the Red Fox" was made, it was a thing of the past for the screenwriter.

At present, she also needs to face a film in the post-production stage, a live-action film "Hulu Brothers" in preparation, and at the same time, she is incubating a fantasy-themed online drama.

　

From the beginning to the present, Jia-nan Ran has been tied to fantasy movies.

　

However, often after the release of such films, it is easy to be spit out, "the script is thin and the network is large." At the same time, some people will jump out and ask why China’s screenwriters can’t make their own "Lord of the Rings" and "Game of Thrones".

　

All the spit and questions, we talked about in detail in the chat with Jia-nan Ran, and even about whether the universe of "Feng Shen" can meet the expectations of netizens, the answers are solved here.

　

"Five years ago, the setting was very new. I was afraid to write about love."

Some people say that movies are made for people in the future. The current creation is to cater to the audience when the film is released. If it is not entertaining enough, it will be difficult for the audience to pay the bill.

　

So is the movie The Scholar of the Red Fox.

Throughout the conversation, Jia-nan Ran talked about it countless times. "Many things in the movie are now, which is really too old."

　

In 2015, there were many fantasy movies, series,, and so on. In these works, in the end, most men and women set out with a mission and finally felt the world with love.

　

And the "Red Fox Scholar" is a double male-dominated model, and the fox in it is still male. At that time, such a setting should be eye-catching. "And there is no love in it, and the type is a road film."

But nowadays, with the increasing number of film and television works of the two male masters, all kinds of online texts of the same type have swept through various forums, which has already made some viewers less interested in the setting.

　

As a screenwriter, what Jia-nan Ran can accomplish is the creation at that time. When she got The Red Fox Scholar, what she thought most was how to convince the audience that people and demons can coexist in this world.

　

She chose the point of "examination" to solve the problem. "This point will resonate with the audience in China, because China itself is a big country in examination."

"How did these monsters come from? Monsters in China are not like vampires in the west, they can take a bite, or werewolves are prolific. Our monsters are cultivated by themselves. In a sense, cultivation is also an examination system. " Therefore, grasping this point, Jia-nan Ran extended the fox demon in the original work, which simply returned to earth to repay his kindness, to a new setting.

　

In addition, she also made some clever thoughts on the setting of villains.

　

In the original version, the villain is a river god. He was enslaved by the fox spirits and wanted to get rid of them, so he always wanted to steal Bai Dan from the fox family. "This kind of relationship is like between Bai Shisan and toad essence, and the other party is under his command." At present, these settings have been slightly modified in terms of production cost.

Of course, we can still spy out the relationship between the original characters through the relationship between black fox and lotus essence, and between Bai Shisan and toad essence.

　

She didn’t go back to the past details of The Red Fox Scholar. Looking at the comments on the Internet, she seemed to understand everything, especially the love drama between Wang Zijin and Lotus Essence. "I also agree that the emotions of the characters here are turning too fast."

　

"A person who suddenly gives unconditionally to his other half can make the other person moved and fall in love with him. This emotional transformation is indeed a bit unacceptable to the current audience. " Jia-nan Ran even admitted that he was afraid to write love plays, especially when people of different times had different attitudes towards love, so there would be a generation gap.

　

After the film "Red Fox Scholar" was released, she and the original author were scolded by many people in private letters, but she was fearless. "It’s good, I told her that if someone scolded them, it would prove that they saw it, and the biggest fear was that no one cared."

　

Indeed, in this industry, black and red are also red. If you create with such a mentality, you may not be bound by the negative of the past.

　

"Feng Shen" is not the first story about father-son relationship in China’s "Quan You".

Among Jia-nan Ran’s future works, Feng Shen is definitely the most anticipated one by the audience.

　

Three films have been written for four years. In her words, the whole process is "vomiting blood production". Compared with "Red Fox Scholar" for addition, "Fengshen" for subtraction.

　

Like The Journey to the West, The Romance of the Gods is a classical mythological novel known to most audiences, but unlike the latter, the film and television works of The Romance of the Gods in recent years mostly focus on da ji, Nezha and Jiang Ziya.

　

So, how to adapt it without "offending" the audience?

　

In the original world view, it has two sects, but they are integrated into the living environment of human beings, and at the same time, they are based on human beings. Human beings drive the gods to sacrifice to the emperor through power, and at the same time they are subordinate to the imperial power.

"It’s not like the fantasy stories in the west, with fairy tribes, dwarves and so on, because from the perspective of European history, they used to be divided. However, Chinese dynasties have lived together, and people from any nation-state can live together. Therefore, on this basis, it also determines the uniqueness of China’s fantasy story. "

　

This uniqueness makes the trilogy of deities not a "right tour" of China, but a fantastic masterpiece that can better reflect China culture.

　

Re-creating a world view suitable for film and television is one of the most difficult parts of this work. "Fantasy movies must let the audience understand your world view in the first 15 minutes, and no new settings can be made at the end of the movie."

　

Besides, hundreds of characters are involved in The Romance of the Gods. How to make it easier for the audience to understand the characters in a concise world view has become the most tormenting place for Jia-nan Ran and her partner.

　

"We did some simple mergers and deletions from the beginning, and then wrote a basic manuscript for them to do market research. As a result, the survey gave us feedback. Many post-90 s people couldn’t stand it and asked why there were so many people and what they were doing. "

The results of this survey have made the whole screenwriter team awake a lot. It turns out that many people don’t know the Romance of the Gods, but only know a few key figures.

　

"We have spent the effort and workload of completely rewriting a story and adapting it in details and events. We want to re-refine the familiarity of the audience and embed it in the film" Feng Shen "." Jia-nan Ran told us that after getting the feedback from the survey, they drastically cut the original work.

　

The trilogy of deities will be three films with independent cores and interlocking links. "But it’s definitely not about power. Now the audience doesn’t like watching such movies. Director Wu Ershan has a strong appeal. He wants to be a mythical heroic epic of China and tell a story about the theme of good and evil in China that no one has ever told. "

According to her, the first part of "Feng Shen" will be the story of two men, "their emotional entanglement with their father."

　

She just finished watching a version in Wu Ershan’s studio a while ago, and this is the second version she has seen. "Now the time is still a little long, and we all think we can delete it again. The director understands, but he may still be a little entangled." She also told us that compared with the previous edition, many wonderful plays have been cut off this time. "But there is no way, and finally we have to consider the film arrangement for the market."

　

"Hulu Brothers is hard to refuse."

In director Wu Ershan’s current work, in addition to the trilogy of deities, Under One Man has also entered the preparatory stage.

　

"I refused." Jia-nan Ran said to us, "There happened to be something at home, so I recommended two school sisters to him."

　

Although she refused the adaptation of the fantasy IP "Under One Man", she still watched all the animated series of "Under One Man". "It’s too difficult, and it has many characters, but unlike the Romance of the Gods, many people don’t understand it. Every character in it has its own fans, and the audience of this IP is highly coincident with the current consumer groups of movies, so many characters can’t move. "

　

Jia-nan Ran sighed with emotion at Wu Ershan’s courage, because the creation of the live-action movie Hulu Brothers made her understand how difficult this "pit" was.

This is also a work that needs to be added, but its addition is different from the Red Fox Scholar.

"This animation is familiar to everyone, but it doesn’t have enough worldview to support him to become a movie. For example, why won’t grandpa be afraid of the seven dolls coming out of the gourd? How did the gourd baby come from? " At present, the screenwriter immediately analyzed the vacancy of film and television for us very professionally.

　

In fact, she also thought about rejecting Jiang Zhiqiang, but never expected that Boss Jiang took out a thick stack of research reports. "This is the thickest research report I have ever seen. He found several people to write different versions of Hulu Brothers, including comedy version, blackened version and normal version … …”

　

Seeing such a result, the "impossible" in Jia-nan Ran’s heart was slowly blotted out.

Although it is a fantasy movie, every time she writes it, she still has to find the corresponding age and geographical location for the whole story, so that the story itself can be more grounded. "I checked a lot of books, and I also saw everyone’s brain holes in Hulu Brothers on the Internet, and finally set the story in Yunnan-Guizhou area."

　

In the adaptation, she absorbed many netizens’ interpretations of the original story and put all the characters into reality as much as possible, so that the audience can better understand the emotional motives inside.

　

Of course, when will this project be officially started? "I don’t know. The other day, Boss Jiang said that he wanted to talk to me. I hope he can tell me that this film is going to be organized."

　

The market has been changing, and fantasy movies have poured out from the past, and now they have entered a cooling-off period.

Themes range from the colorful The Journey to the West in the past to the colorful "Feng Shen" today. As for what the next theme will be, it is difficult for us to predict.

In Jia-nan Ran’s view, those mature IP works or folk stories on the Internet will become the "treasures" excavated by film companies. "Otherwise, many things will be difficult to solve".

　

After the interview, she talked to us about the trailer of The Monkey King that she saw in the cinema, and planned to take a look at it sometime. "After we finished" Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon "with director Zheng Baorui, he also planned to do this project, but we all felt that it was difficult to do it. I want to see how the movies here are broken. "

　　Cctv news(Reporter Zhang Ke Yi) Tuberculosis, commonly known as "consumption disease", is a chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by the invasion of mycobacterium tuberculosis into human body. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may invade all organs of human body, and tuberculosis is the most common one. As an ancient disease, tuberculosis can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. Scientists used modern detection technology to find mycobacterium tuberculosis in Egyptian mummies in 3000 BC.

　　In A Dream of Red Mansions, one of Four Great Classical Novels’s well-known novels, Lin Daiyu, a sick beauty, actually got consumption. What is intriguing is that among the modern writers in China, there is a long list of those suffering from tuberculosis: Ba Jin, Qu Qiubai, Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Ye Zi, Xiao Hong … … Tuberculosis is also involved in many of their literary works, such as Lu Xun’s short story Medicine, Yu Dafu’s Chi Guihua, Boundless Night, Ba Jin’s Home, Cold Night and so on. At that time, tuberculosis ranked first in the list of causes of death. "Ten diseases and nine tuberculosis" and "talk about tuberculosis" are not sensational.

　　Nowadays, tuberculosis is still one of the top ten deadly diseases in the world. More than 1.6 million people die of tuberculosis every year in the world, and there are about 10 million new tuberculosis patients every year, with an incidence rate of 1.33/100,000. In China, the epidemic situation of tuberculosis is declining year by year. According to the data of 2018, there are 823,000 cases of tuberculosis patients reported in China, with a reported incidence rate of 59.3/100,000. However, it is worth noting that the severity of tuberculosis drug resistance in China is higher than the global average. How to do a good job in drug-resistant prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and accelerate the process of ending tuberculosis has become a major public health problem for the government, medical institutions and even the whole society.

　　"Institute-linked remote diagnosis and treatment platform"

　　Explore a new model of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment

　

　　Beijing tuberculosis therapy institute liandong remote consultation center　

　　"Hello, Director Gao, I saw your number here today." On the morning of March 22, 2019, Xiao Zhang, a pulmonary tuberculosis patient who lives in Daxing District, Beijing, greeted Gao Mengqiu, the chief physician of Beijing Chest Hospital, 50 kilometers away, through the big screen at Daxing District Tuberculosis Control Center and started his visit. He also became the first online patient on the "hospital-linked remote diagnosis and treatment platform" for tuberculosis prevention and control in Beijing.

　　"I have seen the film you shot yesterday. The lesion has been absorbed and recovered quite well. You have been taking medicine for more than 2 months now, and the infectivity is gone. But you should stick to taking medicine and you will be cured in about 9 months." On the screen, Gao Mengqiu gave Xiao Zhang treatment advice. "Drink milk every day, eat eggs, and sleep before 10 o’clock to ensure your resistance. Do you know that you get this disease because you usually don’t pay attention to rest and your resistance drops? "

　　This remote diagnosis and treatment made Xiao Zhang excited. He admits that in the process of seeing a doctor, he once considered the examination in the local tuberculosis control center, but the concept of going to a big hospital drove him to choose the Beijing Chest Hospital in Tongzhou. "In fact, sometimes I understand that this is unnecessary, but I just feel that going to the top three hospitals is practical." He also said that he knew he shouldn’t go to public places, but in order to see a doctor, he had to squeeze the bus, take the subway and wear a mask, and he was afraid that others would treat him differently, so sometimes he didn’t bring it. He said: "But now, I can see the expert number of the top three hospitals at the CDC in front of my house, which is simply great."

　　Guan Yongchun, director of Beijing Daxing District Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, said at the remote consultation site: "This model is a supplement to medical technology for us, which is more convenient for us to manage patients." Beijing Changping District Tuberculosis and Prevention Institute and Daxing District Tuberculosis and Prevention Institute became the first members of the "hospital-linked remote diagnosis and treatment platform". It is understood that after the "new model" is officially completed, all district and county clinics in Beijing will establish remote clinics with Beijing Chest Hospital to provide services to district and county patients through face-to-face online video.

　　Li Liang, vice president of Beijing Chest Hospital and executive vice president of Beijing Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Innovation Alliance, said: "The biggest change is to change the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis from patients seeking medical treatment everywhere to ’ Foot-out area ’ , the change of getting the high-quality service from the superior hospital at home; However, it has expanded the probability of infection from chariots and horses to the nearest place and reduced the spread; Referral from a number of hospitals, repeated medical treatment, timely detection and diagnosis, and timely standardization of treatment changes. "

　　Peer education for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

　　"I’m cured, so I decided to stay."

　

　　Say "No" to Tuberculosis (Design: Liu Zhengqiang)　

　　Xu Xinghua said: "All the medical staff who accompanied and cared for me all the way and ‘ 57 Heaven and Earth ’ My peers have asked me to stick to this job. Without them, I wouldn’t be here today. So when I was cured, I decided to stay. For the health of more patients, I am willing to be their ‘ Butler ’ 。”　

　　One day in September 2013, Xu Xinghua went to a local hospital because of fever, cough and pain in his feet and joints. The doctor said that he had rheumatoid disease. After more than four months of treatment, Xu Xinghua was diagnosed with dermatomyositis. After treatment according to the doctor’s advice, he still had a fever repeatedly, once reaching 40 degrees, which lasted for another five months, and finally he was diagnosed with tuberculosis.

　　"At that time, when my friends came to see me, I would say that I had rheumatism. I was afraid that my friends would stay away from me if they knew that I had tuberculosis." Xu Xinghua said that in addition to being afraid of losing friends, he also faces a heavy economic burden. Xu Xinghua’s family is in the countryside. Before that, some savings were spent by him, and he even borrowed a loan. He wanted to give up treatment.

　　On July 1, 2014, Xu Xinghua was transferred to Yunnan Tuberculosis Clinical Treatment Center for hospitalization. During the treatment, the danger was constant. He had an extremely serious systemic rash. He was treated with second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs because of serious drug allergy. He suffered from liver failure for many times and complicated with bone tuberculosis. He was cured in October 2017 with the joint efforts of his family, patients and medical staff.

　　"Illness can destroy my body, but it can’t destroy my will", which is the impression Xu Xinghua left for his patients. In 2015, Xu Xinghua joined the "57 Tiandi" peer team of Yunnan Tuberculosis Clinical Treatment Center, which is a tuberculosis consultation and exchange network platform managed by tuberculosis patients. He hopes to guide and encourage other patients to adhere to scientific treatment through his own experience.

　　Due to the long course of treatment and many adverse reactions, the compliance of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has always been a difficult problem, and peer education plays a very important role in the compliance of patients with drugs. Yunnan Provincial Tuberculosis Clinical Treatment Center has been trying first. Since 2012, it has started patient-centered care work, recruiting peers to provide online and offline patient compliance support and care services for patients, which has been unanimously recognized by the tuberculosis community at home and abroad. In October 2018, this work was shared at the Union Tuberculosis Hague Conference.

　　Research and development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs

　　How to Solve the "Last Mile" Problem

　　A "street rat" with nowhere to hide (design: Sun Yaping)　

　　Nowadays, tuberculosis can be cured. However, the four first-line drugs used for treatment take a long period of time, and conventional treatment takes six months. If you are infected with drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, it may take years of treatment, and the cost is also very high, which is a common problem facing the whole world.

　　"At present, among the 558,000 cases of MDR-TB in the world, only 25% of patients can get treatment for MDR-TB, and the success rate of treatment is only 55%." Dr. Chen Zhongdan, technical officer of HIV/AIDS/viral hepatitis/tuberculosis in the representative office of the World Health Organization in China, said.

　　Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis has super drug resistance? Actually, it is not. From the perspective of drug research and development, there are currently four first-line drugs for anti-knot. It is understood that these four drugs are "old drugs" that have been listed since the 1950 s and 1960 s. In the past 70 years, few first-line anti-knotting drugs have entered the public eye. In addition, due to the long treatment cycle, large side effects and heavy economic burden, the treatment compliance is not good. Therefore, it is reasonable for first-line drugs to develop drug resistance.

　　Dr. Lu Manchun, Chief Operating Officer of Global Health Drug R&D Center, said that we should realize that if new drugs with the same efficacy as first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs can enter the market and form new treatment schemes, the problem of tuberculosis drug resistance will be greatly alleviated. She further said that in shortening the research and development cycle of new drugs, through innovative technological breakthroughs, such as the artificial intelligence drug design technology developed by the R&D center, the research and development time of new drugs can be greatly shortened, expenses can be reduced and risks can be reduced.

　　There is something special about the drugs used to treat tuberculosis. At present, there must be at least three effective drugs in the simplest treatment scheme, and the three drugs need to be used together. Therefore, in the research and development of new drugs, the formulation of the best scheme of combined drug use can not be ignored. Huan Shitong, senior project officer of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, said that this is not a study of a drug, and the formulation of a combination drug plan is very important for each drug to enter the market. Once a drug has passed the pre-clinical safety test, it is necessary to consider how to include it in the future combination drug program for evaluation. This will reduce the risk and improve the cure rate of patients.

　　In short, on the one hand, we should strengthen and optimize the use of existing tools and methods to accelerate the decline of tuberculosis; On the other hand, in the face of "market failure", it is necessary to increase investment, strengthen all-round research and development, and pay attention to new drugs, vaccines, new prevention methods, and new combined treatment schemes. It is necessary to comprehensively use mechanisms such as financial input, medical insurance, civil support, poverty alleviation and social assistance to reduce the economic burden of patients, so that they can obtain and adhere to high-quality medical services. Only with the participation of the whole society can tuberculosis be better controlled and finally eliminated.

The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

In fact, "family of origin Determinism" caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those who are angry with their parents, dissatisfied with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin Determinism".

———— ·　————

The rampant family of origin determinism reinforced the stereotype of the class.

Zongcheng

one

How did the concept of "family of origin" catch on?

▲ In Sina Weibo, netizens ridiculed Su Daqiang, the role of the TV series "Everything is Fine".

The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. As a result, "family of origin determinism" is rampant, and it has become a craze to punish parents. It seems that all the problems in the world can be attributed to the family.

At the same time, people pay more and more attention to each other’s origin in interpersonal communication, and even adopt the method of backward thinking. According to a person’s established personality, taste and even values, people blame their families for these things. For example, in a common deduction, many commentators will blame a person’s inferiority, violence and vulgarity on his bottom family and sum up the fate of others with very simple logic.

Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

When "family of origin determinism" overflows, the complicated life evolution is replaced by simple linear thinking, and our conclusion is not the truth, but the stereotype of the class is reinforced.

As early as the 19th century, "family of origin determinism" appeared in novels. At that time, there were no computers and televisions in the world, and novels were citizens’ favorite pastimes. In order to cater to the market, novelists liked to write novels related to class collision.For example, Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, Hardy’s Tess of the D ‘Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, etc., children from rural areas are often simple, pure and full of determination to struggle, while those from noble families are lazy, weak and even morally corrupt. Novelists didn’t put forward the concept of "family of origin" directly, but they advocated "birth determines character" and "character is fate". In order to take care of readers’ reading experience and create a strong conflict, these novels all have obvious binary opposition, such as the opposition between the bottom and nobles, the opposition between poor boys and rich girls, the opposition between good and evil, and the opposition between rural areas and cities, which are the sources of modern urban drama.

In modern times, the concept of "family of origin" was put forward by American psychiatrist Murray Bowen in the 1960s.It originally refers to a person’s family before adulthood, and it was not until the beginning of this century that the word became popular in China. With the establishment of Douban’s "Parents Are Evil" group and the popularity of the book "Giant Baby Country", "family of origin" has become a hot word on the Internet.

Wu Zhihong used a lot of methods to analyze the family in The Kingdom of Giant Babies, and took the family as the decisive factor. As a veteran of psychological marketing, he knew well the propagation law of popular media, so he used the words of "Giant Babies", "Chinese Family", "Mutual Harmful Society" and "Chinese Good Man" in the book. This book is not new, but it knows the market very well.

The popularity of "family of origin" is not only promoted by books and TV series, but also due to deeper historical background.China is a country with a deep parental culture. From patriarchal clan system to firstborn inheritance system, the political logic in ancient China is closely related to the family, and local governance is also inseparable from the wealthy families led by local gentry. Chinese relies on large and small families and relatives to build a huge human society, and the family structure with patriarchy as the core affects the growth of children. In modern times, especially under the background of the market economy dominated by neoliberalism, the contradiction between classical families and contemporary youth has become more and more serious. The eastward spread of affirmative thoughts has impacted the patriarchal center, while the liberal thoughts have made young people hate the bondage of family more and more.

With the loosening of family-oriented concept, family of origin’s problems have been put on the table, and they are getting more and more prosperous under the agitation of class anxiety. Behind this wave of family of origin’s discussion is not only the value division of two generations, but also the children’s worries about their identity and status.

The discussion of "family of origin" on the Internet focuses on denouncing parents. Take the discussion between Ode to Joy and Everything is Fine as an example: In Ode to Joy, Fan Shengmei’s mother is like a burden. In Everything’s Fine, Su Daqiang, the father of Su family, is also tiring. Borrowing money, borrowing money or borrowing money, cheat people, cheat people or cheat people, the audience resonated in the experience of Fan Shengmei and Su Mingyu, but they were full of helplessness and boredom with Fan Mu and Su Daqiang.

In July, 2018, Beijing Times Chinese Bookstore also published a book called family of origin, with the subtitle "How to Repair Your Personality Defects". The original name of this book was "Toxic Parents" (both parents are toxic), and the author Susan Forward described many incompetent parents, such as manipulative parents, alcoholic parents, physically abusive parents, verbally abusive parents and sexually abusive parents.

2

"family of origin determinism" in film and television dramas, parents who are typed.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

"Everything is OK" and "Ode to Joy" have changed the parents’ perspective of educational dramas in the past, and faced up to their parents’ shortcomings. Together with the "Parents are evil" group, they both provided the view that "parents can be criticized or even denied", which is their unique feature in China’s film and television dramas which are full of family-orientation. However, in order to cater to the market, they filled too many stereotypes in character design, and followed the typical melodrama mode in dramatic conflicts, which stimulated the audience’s cool points, but made people logistics in types.

Everything is fine is a good play, but in some places, it pursues dramatic conflict too much, which dilutes the sense of reality.For example, Su Daqiang, played by Dahong Ni, is an old man who has been suppressed by his wife for many years. He loves calculating and secretly caring for others. He has some common habits of his parents. However, with the development of the plot, the contradiction induced by Dahong Ni gradually became a contradiction for the sake of contradiction. In the part involving him, the screenwriter pushed what he did to the extreme surface. In the end, he was like a laundry list, and the shortcomings of his parents were filled in. It seemed to make people itch. If you think about it carefully, it was still too dramatic.

Su Daqiang’s role, played by Dahong Ni, is no problem, mainly the character design of the script. The screenwriter wants to highlight family of origin’s problems so much that he wants to use Su Daqiang as the trigger point of drama contradiction, so that he pushes too hard.

There are similarities at the beginning. Xiao Mingyu complained that her mother was partial. Her mother said bluntly, we will not invest in you because you are a girl. Here, the screenwriter wants to highlight the son preference of the Su family and arouse the audience’s resonance, but such a straightforward approach is rough and different from the experience of most Chinese people. Chinese likes to hide his words, saying good things to his face and bad things to his face. The so-called secret tricks, but most of them don’t say it very bluntly like Su Mu in the play. Not to mention that because of the preference for boys in her bones, when her daughter runs away from home, her mother completely ignores her.

Film and television dramas need to be dramatized, but if conflicts are imposed to cater to the audience’s cool points and pain points, not only will the proper limit of drama be lost, but also the characters will be exposed to the risk of facial makeup.Nowadays, "hot thinking" is popular in film and television dramas. It is said that writers should actively discuss what ideas have hot potential when they hold a scriptwriting meeting. In order to respond to the market, they will rub hot spots in the script and even exaggerate everything in order to arouse the audience’s emotions. Over time, writing a script is like writing a WeChat official account push, racking their brains to cater to hot spots and output opinions. However, film and television dramas are not public articles after all, and if conflicts are imposed for too long, the audience will be tired.

three

"family of origin determinism" can’t stand scrutiny.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

No matter "family of origin’s determinism" or "family decides personality", there is no strict logic in the argument. Psychologists such as Wu Zhihong only listed a series of cases in which families affected their children, supplemented by big words in new bottles and old wine, to illustrate their views. However, his argumentation process only explained the influence relationship between the two (family-children), and could not be pushed to one side to decide the other.

In fact, "family of origin determinism" has long been refuted in the research of psychologists Neiderhiser, Vukasovi?, Bratko and Briley. They found with rigorous experiments and data.: "About 40% of our personality comes from congenital genetic factors, 60% comes from the influence of non-shared environment, and is hardly influenced by shared environment."

"Behavioral Genetics" edited by Robert Plomin also pointed outThe main characteristics we have (such as intelligence, emotion, personality and health) are either most influenced by nature or most influenced by non-shared environment, but often little influenced by shared environment.(Quoted from "family of origin is not the root of all kinds of psychological problems") family of origin, which the audience is keen to talk about, is part of the shared environment.

Coincidentally, Judith Harris, the author of The Myth of Education, also stressed thatThe proportion of direct influence of family education on children’s adult personality is less than 10%.

The argument of "family of origin determinism" is not sufficient. Why can it be popular in public opinion? Because it caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those anger towards parents, dissatisfaction with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin determinism".

These stereotypes are not only aimed at the bottom, but also pervade all classes. The poor families will have parents’ discord and domestic violence, and the rich family of origin will also have divorced, husband and wife’s discord and indifferent children. However, in the discourse of "family of origin determinism", different families are smeared with heavy stereotypes, as if the poor must be uneducated and vulgar, and the rich must be intoxicated and arrogant and superior, which is derived from it.These superficial binary opposition views, originally just narrative strategies of popular novels, are now widely used in point of view preaching. Instead of solving practical problems, they intensify people’s hatred of the other and deepen stereotypes, but after the noise, nothing really valuable is left.

　　

　　Will the price of gold finally break through the "sky-high price" of $1,000 per ounce? (data picture)

　　Xinhua Online Haihai, January 19 (Reporter Lu Wenjun, Huang Tingjun) On the first trading day in 2008, the international gold price hit a record high, and since then, it has been out of control and has repeatedly set a new record, and the domestic gold price has also had a high fever and reached a new high. After the international gold price successfully stood at the $900 mark per ounce on the 14th, the eyes of global investors turned to the next suspense: will the gold price eventually break through the "sky-high price" of $1,000 per ounce, as predicted by many researchers?

　　The international gold price broke the ceiling of $900 per ounce.

　　Since 2007, the international gold price has changed from "slow cow" to "fast cow", and it is even more bullish in 2008. In 2007, it rose by 31%, and in just a dozen trading days in 2008, the increase has exceeded 9%.

　　The trend of gold in the past week is like a rainbow, breaking through the $900 mark in one fell swoop-

　　On the 8th, the price of crude oil rose by nearly $2, and gold surged sharply under the influence of investors and nervous geopolitics. the New York Mercantile Exchange February gold futures closed at $880.30 per ounce, which exceeded the historical record of $875 per ounce set on January 21st, 1980.

　　On the 10th, influenced by the speeches of European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, the US dollar fell sharply, and the US dollar suffered heavy losses. Gold gained momentum to refresh its high point. Comex February gold futures closed at $893.60 an ounce.

　　On the 11th, gold briefly broke through $900/oz, and the expectation of interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve made investors focus on gold with hedging function out of inflation worries. Comex February gold settled at $897.70 an ounce.

　　On the 14th, the international gold price once again reached an all-time high, with the spot gold hitting an intraday high of $914.2 per ounce. The data of that day showed that the US trade deficit expanded to the highest level in 14 months, which kept the US dollar under pressure and once fell to a seven-week low. Comex February gold closed at $903.40 an ounce.

　　Analysts pointed out that at present, the unilateral upward trend of international gold price is obvious, and the rising rhythm and amplitude are obviously increased. After the important psychological barrier of 900 US dollars/ounce is effectively broken, with this "ceiling" being broken, the future rising space of gold will suddenly become clear.

　　The depreciation of the US dollar is too fast, and it is not out of reach for the gold price to "break thousands".

　　With the sound of gold "rising", breaking through the historical high in 1980 and the threshold of 900 US dollars/ounce is like a bamboo. Many analysts at home and abroad have predicted that the next stop of the "golden age" will be directed at $1,000 per ounce.

　　"One or two years ago, $1,000 an ounce might have been considered sky-high, but now many people believe that this target will be achieved and will be achieved soon." Li Qi, a gold industry insider, said this. He believes that the current rise in gold is a general trend. As long as there is no major negative interest, there is a high probability of rushing to $1,000 per ounce.

　　Shi Weiping, a researcher at orient securities Research Institute, believes that the real leading trend of gold price increase is not only the continuous depreciation of the US dollar, but also the expectation of global inflation and the expectation of rising crude oil prices. These reasons lead to the prominent function of gold as a "hard currency". Under the collective pursuit of investors, $1,000 per ounce is not nonsense.

　　"The rise of gold has become an obvious trend in the international financial field, and even the correction of oil prices has no obvious impact on it, and there are few factors supporting the fall of gold at present." Yang Hongjie, an analyst at Haitong Securities Research Institute, said.

　　Yang Hongjie pointed out that what really makes gold "popular" in the world is actually the transformation of global economic structure, frequent geopolitical and military crises, the possibility of economic recession in the United States, the challenge to the status of US dollar reserve currency, and the reduction of US dollar reserves and the increase of demand for gold reserves by central banks. The more in the transition period of the global economic structure, the more it shows the value-preserving function of gold as a monetary attribute, and the "hard currency" force has led to the high fever of gold prices.

　　"But even if gold rises to $1,000 an ounce, it doesn’t fully explain the problem. If gold is priced in pounds and euros, there may be no big increase, but the dollar has depreciated too fast." Yang Hongjie said so.

　　Investment is risky, and it is too high to be cold.

　　Even though the upward trend of gold will continue, for ordinary investors, gold products that are already at a high level, although there is still a lot of investment space, also have huge investment risks.

　　"It goes up quickly and falls sharply." Li Qi, an insider, analyzed the characteristics of this special variety of gold. He believes that many reasons, such as small plates, hot market, the entry of international hot money and the demand for safe haven of capital, have led to a sharp rise in the current international gold price.

　　For example, Li Qi said that gold trading is a small market in the world. If a small part of global foreign exchange transactions enter the gold market, the price of gold can be pushed up by tens of dollars in an instant. Great fluctuation also means great risk, and the investment value of the gold market, which is currently at a high level, has been reduced.

　　The risk of the gold futures market is self-evident. When the gold price sword refers to $1,000 per ounce, more and more investors may flood in, and profit-taking or even short-selling may trap a large number of new investors. Yang Hongjie reminded that the derivatives market fluctuates greatly, and ordinary investors are inexperienced. Moreover, as gold is an investment product, investors must study complex international financial issues, instead of just studying supply and demand issues like investing in copper.

　　Li Qi added that from the operational point of view, China’s gold futures and Comex futures are closely linked, and investors must pay attention to the risk of staying in the warehouse overnight by adopting the market mechanism of various industries.

　　For spot gold investment, there is also cost risk. "Even though the price of gold may rise to $1,000 per ounce, the current price is still high. For investing in spot gold, the cost problem is inevitable, and we must consider who will eventually fall on the’ pass the parcel’." Yang Hongjie reminded.

　　Shi Weiping, a researcher in orient securities, believes that even if investing in gold is used as a hedging tool, it is based on the expectation of the future decline of the US dollar and the increase of inflationary pressure, then there may be a problem that investment is out of cost, and the risk will naturally increase.

　　As an insider, Li Qi suggested that ordinary investors should not regard gold as an important investment product, but as a good allocation product. Controlling the investment ratio and acting according to one’s ability is conducive to effectively allocating assets and resisting price risks. "If the price of gold is $400, you can even allocate 50%, but at present, if you want to offset $1,000, you can only allocate 10%." Li Qi gave such investment advice.

Editor: Zhou Zhongxiao

Advertisements on web pages

Feng Chun ‘an (a pseudonym), who works in a cultural company, brushed a message on the Internet last year. A company claimed that it could evaluate junior, middle and senior engineers nationwide, but the evaluation could be fully refunded, so he paid a registration fee of 6,500 yuan, hoping to take a shortcut to get his favorite intermediate engineer title. But today, he didn’t get the title and didn’t refund the registration fee.

The title evaluation failed to refuse the refund through the agency company.

In April last year, Feng Chun ‘an saw an advertisement issued by Chongqing Jiuer Education Company to evaluate the title of mechanical intermediate engineer in Tik Tok. "Because of my work, I need an intermediate title certificate." He said that the company claimed that the pass rate was high and it was declared nationwide, but it was fully refunded, so it called for consultation.

The salesman of the company promised Feng Chun ‘an that as long as he paid the registration fee of 6,800 yuan, he would be able to evaluate in December of that year and receive the certificate in April 2024, and he also claimed to sign the Service Agreement for Title Declaration.

"I read the agreement, and there is no title review but full refund clause. I have some doubts, but the salesman said that after paying the money, you can sign a supplementary agreement, and the content can’t be fully refunded."

In order to dispel Feng Chun ‘an’s suspicion, the salesman also provided the company’s business license, which reassured Feng Chun, so he paid a registration fee of 6,800 yuan and signed the Service Agreement for Title Application and the Supplementary Agreement.

On November 29th last year, the salesman of the company informed Feng Chun ‘an that the title was not declared successfully through WeChat, and promised to make up the declaration. If the application is unsuccessful on May 1, 2024, you can get a full refund.

On May 1st this year, Feng Chun ‘an failed to declare his middle-level position again, and he can get a refund according to the Supplementary Agreement. On May 7th, Feng Chun ‘an offered a full refund. However, the company refused a full refund on the grounds that it used most of the expenses, which was rejected by Feng Chunan. The company was only willing to refund 30%, but was rejected by Feng Chunan.

The reporter was informed that at present, the two sides are still negotiating.

The company has been deserted.

Offline registration was rejected.

On May 30th, the reporter searched for Chongqing Jiuer Education Company in Tik Tok, and still could see the company’s agency title advertisement. The advertisement content was that the professional title of engineer was universal all over the country, and it was 100% covered, which saved the trouble and effort, but it was fully refunded.

In order to convince everyone that it can be packaged, there are also information such as the company address, photos of the company’s office space, business license, legal person ID card, and professional title certificate that has been processed.

On the afternoon of the same day, the reporter went to the 9th floor of Block E of Power International in Yubei District, and found that the company had been deserted, and the original office space had been replaced by a technology company.

The front desk staff of this technology company told reporters that the previous company had checked out in April, and their company was newly renovated in May this year.

The reporter also contacted a person in charge of the company, surnamed Zhang, who said that his company no longer accepts the business of intermediate title of engineer. "Now that the market supervision department is in strict control, we can only digest the stock in our hands first." He said that they sent advertisements for platforms such as Tik Tok, but he denied that they had "packaged" the advertisements. When the reporter mentioned the "but refundable" clause, he faltered.

When the reporter said that he needed a junior title, the person in charge became interested again, and said that he would act as an agent for the junior title, with a registration fee of 3,800 yuan and a time of 3 to 5 months.

When the reporter said that he was going to register in person and pay the money, he was very vigilant and asked the reporter many times what he did. Seeing that the reporter still insisted on paying the bill to the company, he hung up the phone directly.

"They all do this and accept online registration fees." Mr. Liang, who has paid the money for one year and still hasn’t got the title certificate, said that he once visited the company and found that the office space didn’t have the name of Chongqing Jiuer Education Company. When asked why the company name was not hung, the employees said that the previous one was too old and a new company name was being made.

Feng Chun ‘an said that in mid-May, the company refused to refund. He called the Jiangbei District Market Supervision Bureau to complain. Law enforcement officers came to the door and found that there was no company name, and the employees did not admit that they were employees of Chongqing Jiuyi Education Company.

"Finally, the employee took out the business license and found that the registered address was in Shapingba, so the law enforcement officers had to hand over the case to the market supervision department of Shapingba District." Feng Chunan said.

Paid agency suspected of fraud

Can report to the public security organ.

Pei, from Heilongjiang, paid a registration fee of 6,800 yuan on February 17 last year. In April this year, he was informed that he failed to declare successfully, but he did not get a refund. At present, Pei has entrusted a lawyer to apply for arbitration. The reporter’s investigation found that there are still many people who have been cheated in the country.

In addition to Chongqing Jiuer Education Company, many companies in Chongqing are also doing title agency. On social media such as Tik Tok, the reporter entered the keyword "agency title" and searched for a number of such companies, whose advertising content was similar to that of Chongqing Jiuer Education Company.

The reporter contacted a staff member of Shapingba District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. He said that they have received many complaints that the job title was cheated.

"These paid agency titles are actually used as bait to implement fraud." The staff member said that at present, the city is carrying out special rectification actions for intermediaries in the field of professional titles, focusing on rectifying false advertising, contract traps and false title fraud.

The Shapingba District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau reminded that if consumers encounter illegal acts suspected of fraud with the title of paid agency as bait, they can report to the public security organs, and the public security organs will investigate and deal with relevant clues according to law. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

At present, the market supervision department of Shapingba District and Shapingba Human Resources and Social Security Bureau are conducting investigation and handling.

A little more news.

The Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau reminded that the title package is fake.

At the beginning of this year, for online intermediaries, "the title evaluation is only a full refund", which attracted the attention of netizens. The Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau reminded that it is false to review the title package, not to charge if it is unsuccessful, not to pass the promise before payment, and to declare a full refund.

The Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security reminded that after paying fees through social media, titles can be entrusted to companies and individuals, and after claiming to pay fees through social media such as Tik Tok, websites and small advertisements, titles can be entrusted to them, but the refund of fees and other methods are all suspected of fraud.

At present, Chongqing has not designated any intermediary or agency to handle professional titles. For the catalogue of professional title evaluation committees and organizations at all levels approved for filing, please refer to official website of the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and charge professional title evaluation fees in accordance with relevant regulations. (New Chongqing-chongqing morning post reporter Zheng Sanbo)

　

Barefoot doctor: the political embodiment of village doctors

　

Our reporter/Li Mingzi

　

Published in China Newsweek, No.1019, November 8, 2021.

　

After practicing medicine in the countryside for 54 years, Ma Wenfang is still used to being called "barefoot doctor" by villagers, although this title has been officially cancelled since 1985.

　

The term "barefoot doctor" first appeared in the people’s commune period of the last century. In the summer of 1968, Red Flag, sponsored by The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC), published a survey report on the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of barefoot doctors in Shanghai. At the beginning of the article, I wrote, "Barefoot doctor" is an affectionate name for poor middle peasants in the suburbs of Shanghai who are semi-medical and semi-agricultural health workers. "

　

This article was published in People’s Daily on September 14th of the same year on the instruction of Mao Zedong, and "barefoot doctor" soon became a hot topic of public opinion at that time. Barefoot doctors everywhere have naturally become "typical" reported by the media-"Cowboy in the old society" studies medicine hard and treats incurable diseases for poor and middle peasants by virtue of "a red heart for great leaders". The image of barefoot doctors was painted in posters, comic books and even printed on stamps, food stamps and calendars, which became a vivid symbol of that era.

　

For Ma Wenfang, a village doctor in Suliuzhuang Village, Dagangli Township, Tongxu County, Henan Province, despite the aura of this group in a special era, barefoot doctors’ greatest contribution is to provide farmers with the most basic health protection. At that time, barefoot doctors walked in the fields with straw hats on their heads and medicine boxes on their backs to prevent and treat diseases for farmers who lacked medical care. When malaria was prevalent, it was also these barefoot doctors who went door-to-door to ask for advice, "delivering medicine to the hands, seeing the mouth, not swallowing and not walking", and finally eliminated malaria.

　

In its annual report from 1980 to 1981, the United Nations Children’s Fund concluded that China’s "barefoot doctor" model provided primary care for backward rural areas and provided a model for underdeveloped countries to improve their medical and health standards.

　

After the 1980s, the people’s commune system collapsed, and the barefoot doctor system established on this basis also disappeared. The book From Barefoot Doctors to Rural Doctors records that although the forms of medical services in rural areas have changed since then, the main staff of rural doctors are still barefoot doctors. Many of them have been working until today in the 21st century.

　

The birth of rural political stars

　

"In the 1950s and 1960s, there were no doctors in our village." Ma Wenfang recalled to China News Weekly that at that time, large-scale communes had hospitals, while small-scale communes didn’t even have clinics, and some small communes might have old Chinese medicine practitioners. At that time, ordinary people generally had no money to buy medicine. If farmers had a fever or a cold, they would eat a handful of millet, drink a bowl of hot water, go home to bed and sweat. If you are seriously ill, you can’t afford to go to the hospital in the city, so you can only go home and die.

　

Lack of doctors and medicines was a common situation at that time, and in rural areas with poor economic conditions, doctors and medicines were even more scarce. According to statistics, in 1964, 69% of senior health technicians were in cities and 31% in rural areas, of which only 10% were below the county level. At that time, the population distribution was just the opposite. The urban population only accounted for 1/10, and over 90% of the population lived in rural areas.

　

Ma Wenfang’s mother died of typhoid fever in the 1960s at the age of 32. Five days after his mother died, his 8-year-old brother contracted cold again. The child is skinny, because there is no doctor and no medicine, and he will be unconscious after a few days of illness. Nearby villagers donated 169 life-saving money for 1 cent and 2 cents, and then took Ma Wenfang’s brother to Kaifeng People’s Hospital for treatment. Five days later, he died.

　

"In less than two months, my family lost two lives. At that time, I knelt at the grave and swore that I would be a doctor, treat my fellow villagers and repay my kindness. " Ma Wenfang recalled.

　

At that time, the new rural health care system was being explored. In August 1950, the first national health conference was held. In view of rural health care, the idea of "setting up health centers in counties, health centers in districts, health committees in administrative villages and health workers in natural villages" was put forward. While strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots health institutions, medical personnel are also organized to go to the countryside to support rural grass-roots units.

　

In January, 1965, Mao Zedong approved the Report of the Party Group of the Ministry of Health to the Central Committee on Organizing Mobile Medical Teams to Go to Rural Areas. Taking this directive as a major political task, all localities quickly organized medical teams to go to rural areas, forest areas and pastoral areas to conduct roving medical treatment. Huang Jiasi, an expert in thoracic surgery, Zhou Huakang, an expert in pediatrics, and Lin Qiaozhi, an expert in gynecology, have all participated in itinerant medical treatment.

　

In this regard, Yang Nianqun, a professor at the Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China, pointed out in his article "Epidemic Prevention Behavior and Spatial Politics" that for a long time after liberation, medical personnel only visited the countryside irregularly in the form of ambulance teams, and it was impossible to form a relatively institutionalized network of diagnosis, treatment and epidemic prevention in the vast rural areas.

　

On June 26, 1965, Mao Zedong said after listening to the work report of the Ministry of Health: "The work of the Ministry of Health only serves 15% of the national population, and the 15% is mainly the old man. The vast number of farmers have no medical treatment, no medical treatment and no medicine. The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people, but the Ministry of Health of the city or the Ministry of Health of the city, or the Ministry of Health of the city! " Mao Zedong instructed: "The focus of medical and health work should be placed in the countryside!" "Cultivate a large number of doctors who can afford it in rural areas, and they will serve farmers."

　

This passage was later called "June 26 instruction". On September 1 of the same year, People’s Daily published an editorial entitled "Putting the focus of medical and health work in rural areas" on the front page. The word "barefoot doctor" was not mentioned at that time.

　

Shanghai took the lead in piloting. In the summer of 1965, Jiangzhen Commune, Chuansha County, Shanghai began to run a training course. Huang Yuxiang, who graduated from Suzhou Medical College, served as a teacher, teaching medical common sense and simple treatment methods. After studying in a crash course for 4 months, the students returned to the commune as health workers. Wang Guizhen, who was later called "the first barefoot doctor in China", was one of the first students in this training class.

　

Wang and Huang used the method of "combining local culture with foreign culture" to save money for local villagers to see a doctor, and they also had to farm in the fields every day. The name "barefoot doctor" became popular among villagers unconsciously. In 1968, Shanghai Wen Wei Po published a report on Wang and Huang-Looking at the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of "barefoot doctors". This article was subsequently reprinted in full by Red Flag magazine and People’s Daily.

　

Due to the urgent demand for medical resources in rural areas and the political background of the personal instructions of the top leaders in special periods, the "barefoot doctor" system has been rapidly popularized throughout the country. According to the Report of the Ministry of Health on the National Working Conference of Barefoot Doctors at that time, by the end of 1975, the number of "barefoot doctors" in rural areas of China had reached more than 1.5 million, and there were more than 3.9 million health workers and midwives in production teams.

　

"Class composition" and "ideological consciousness" are the primary criteria for selecting barefoot doctors. An article by Xinhua News Agency published in the fifth edition of People’s Daily on June 23, 1969: "Students are recommended by poor lower-middle peasants and approved by the commune revolutionary committee, and the children of poor lower-middle peasants with good composition, high ideological awareness, active labor and certain culture are sent to training classes for study; The living expenses of the students are borne by the brigade. After graduation, they will return to the team to treat the poor and middle peasants. "

　

In 1967, Ma Wenfang, who had finished junior high school, was elected as a "barefoot doctor" by the brigade to study in the commune training class for one year. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, at that time, it was necessary to learn anatomy, physiology and diagnostics of western medicine, but also to recite Chinese herbal medicines and learn acupuncture. Students did not have textbooks, only one-page materials printed by mimeograph.

　

Being a barefoot doctor is easier to earn more work points than ordinary villagers. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, there was no salary during the people’s commune period, and they all earned work points. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, according to the content and quantity of labor, each person can earn at most 10 points per day and at least five or six points, while being a barefoot doctor can be regarded as "full attendance", with 280 points per month, and receiving food from the production team at the end of the month.

　

At that time, cooperative medical care was adopted in rural areas, and the primary medical expenses were co-ordinated by the production brigade. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, each person pays 10 cents a month, and the rest is the responsibility of the brigade. Thanks to the support of the collective economy, farmers can enjoy the most basic medical care requirements at very little cost. The article "Analysis of the reasons for the success of rural medical cooperation in the period of people’s commune" points out that "the existence of people’s commune system ensures the low-cost operation of rural cooperative medical system. Under the rural cooperative medical system, the rural health website consisting of village health stations, commune health centers and county hospitals covers almost all villages in the country. "

　

Yang Nianqun pointed out that it was not until the establishment of the barefoot doctor system that the instructions of the upper medical administration, such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of anti-epidemic drugs, were really implemented, and the orders were banned, which was rapid and abnormal.

　

Writer Zhu Yong noticed a very interesting phenomenon. In all contemporary art works, barefoot doctors almost invariably appear as girls. In his book The Fate of Diseases in Revolution: The Saints’ Description of Barefoot Doctors, he wrote that in reality, an old image of Chinese medicine will give patients a sense of trust, but the art is different. The painter subconsciously endowed barefoot doctors with "the function of a goddess in European classical painting", and the barefoot doctors’ interpretation of life in the image of girls came not only from their careers, but also from their bodies themselves.

　

Barefoot doctors became the political stars of that era, not only had the opportunity to participate in the National Day parade, but also became the protagonists in political propaganda films. Wang Guizhen, a barefoot doctor, is the prototype of the leading role in the film "Spring Seedling". In addition to the real medical experience, Tian Chunmiao, the leading role of the film, is also given a "political task". Tian Chunmiao is different from the "doctor in the system" who only cares about cutting-edge topics, regardless of the life and death of poor and middle peasants. She not only cares about the proletariat, but also has a first-class medical service, which cured the waist and leg disease of poor peasant Shui Changbo, thus allowing Shui Changbo to successfully join the struggle with the director of the hospital.

　

Limited medical security

　

"Due to the limited professional medical level of barefoot doctors, the medical problems they can actually solve are limited. It can only be said that under the conditions at that time, barefoot doctors provided a kind of help to the grassroots." Zhang Daqing, director of the Department of Medical History and Philosophy in peking university health science center, analyzed China Newsweek.

　

Ma Wenfang also said that barefoot doctors mainly deal with common diseases such as headache, brain fever and tracheitis. If they encounter diseases that require surgery such as acute appendicitis, they need to be transferred to a higher level hospital as soon as possible. The daily work is to carry a medicine chest to work in the fields, which contains acupuncture needles, common medicines and the "old three", namely stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and thermometer. In summer, when someone gets sunstroke while working in the field, Ma Wenfang immediately goes over to relieve the heat. If someone bumps and scratches, he will go over to disinfect and bandage; When pesticides are used in cotton fields, people are often poisoned by inhaling pesticides. Later, people often commit suicide by drinking pesticides, so barefoot doctors should go to first aid.

　

The book Creation and Reconstruction —— Research on Rural Cooperative Medical System and Barefoot Doctors in Collectivization Period concludes that by the mid-1960s, due to continuous study, practice and training, health care workers (later barefoot doctors) had mastered the treatment of dozens of common diseases, the use of dozens of drugs, acupuncture and simple Chinese herbal medicine knowledge.

　

At that time, drugs were still in short supply and the price was high. Farmers only spend two cents to buy two aspirin when they have a bad cold. If they can’t cure it, they will add a penicillin. Ma Wenfang remembers very clearly that the purchase price of a penicillin is 15.8 cents and the selling price is 18 cents, which is the same price in the whole country.

　

"At that time, everyone earned work points, and everyone did not have the concept of making money." Ma Wenfang explained that the medicine was bought by the Murakami Brigade with money, and the income went to the public. At that time, it was a planned economy, and there was no need to buy more precious antibiotics like penicillin. Each brigade in each village received up to 10 antibiotics per month.

　

Zhang Daqing believes that barefoot doctors have played a positive role in the modernization and popularization of drugs in rural areas. As for the "barefoot doctors aggravated the abuse of antibiotics" mentioned in some studies, Zhang Daqing thought it was a kind of "hindsight". Antibiotics could relieve patients’ pain relatively quickly at that time, but the drug use standard was not popular at that time, so it was not appropriate to delve into it.

　

Under the conditions at that time, few farmers could afford western medicine, and most villagers still relied on "three soil and four self-reliance" to see a doctor, that is, native medicine, earthwork, native medicine, self-collected, self-planted, self-made and self-used Chinese herbal medicines. Ma Wenfang also specially bought a medicine mill to grind herbs into powder, or add water to make pills.

　

According to the report of People’s Daily on February 14th, 1969 on Li Rongyu, a barefoot doctor in Gaowang Brigade of Qibao Commune in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, Li Rongyu’s Qibao Commune is located in the Pearl River Delta, and there are no mountains nearby, and the commune does not grow Chinese herbal medicines, so he went to the mountainous area dozens of miles away to collect herbs.

　

Zhang Kaining, director of the Health Research Institute of Kunming Medical College, believes that the widespread use of Chinese herbal medicines by barefoot doctors in those years consolidated the rural cooperative medical system. Chinese herbal medicine is easy to obtain, economical and cheap, and has a tradition and habit of using it in rural areas. The use of Chinese herbal medicine not only reduces the economic burden of farmers, but also greatly reduces the expenditure of cooperative medical fund.

　

"At that time, I was courageous, but now I can’t do it. First, the patient refused to eat (the earthwork), and another, it was illegal for doctors to do so." Ma Wenfang recalled that the appearance of barefoot doctors in those years changed the dilemma of lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas. Otherwise, people were ill and had to go home to die, so there were almost no cases of patients bothering doctors or suing doctors at that time, which was also the patient’s trust that barefoot doctors "came in the wind and went in the rain".

　

At that time, the dirt roads in the countryside were rugged and there were no bicycles. Going to the villagers’ homes to see doctors depended on walking. Once Ma Wenfang went out to see someone else, just in time for his wife to give birth at home. When he came back a moment later, his wife and children were gone. Since I think about it, Ma Wenfang still feels very guilty about his family.

　

"Barefoot doctors have a very distinctive class identity. In the screening process, they can only come from the class that is divided into’ poor and middle peasants’ by class composition. Because of his poor background, barefoot doctors are full of moral salvation, with strong love and hate and emotional tendency. Such a feeling also determines the choice of medical objects, which can only be people consistent with their class attributes. Their class attribute also determines that they will have a’ selfless’ character in the treatment process. " Yang Nianqun summed up in "Rebuilding the Patient —— Space Politics under the Conflict between Chinese and Western Medicine".

　

It is precisely because of the class identity of "poor and middle peasants" that barefoot doctors perfectly meet the requirements of "doctors that farmers can afford, use and stay". However, barefoot doctors are different from the image of village doctors or "witch doctors" in the past, and they are positioned and arranged in an institutionalized political atmosphere. Yang Nianqun believes that "under the dual discipline of institutional arrangement and human network, barefoot doctors will naturally strengthen their moral constraints."

　

In 1960s, malaria was prevalent in rural areas, but the villagers generally lacked common sense of epidemic prevention. Ma Wenfang can only send medicines from house to house for consultation and publicize malaria prevention knowledge. When people are not at home, they go to the fields to look for them. More than 360 households in the village run once a day for 7 days in a row. At that time, some villagers felt that they were in good health and were unwilling to take medicine. Barefoot doctors had to "send medicine to their hands, see the mouth, and not swallow it." After completing a course of medication, at intervals, they began to deliver medicines from house to house for two years until malaria was eliminated.

　

During the national patriotic health campaign, barefoot doctors, as the most basic executors of the health security system, also undertook the task of "two management and five reforms". Barefoot doctors should take care of water and feces, change wells, toilets, barns, stoves and the environment, and check from house to house whether they have been disinfected. As long as it is related to medical treatment, hygiene and health care, barefoot doctors have to do it, and there are endless things to do every day.

　

The article Barefoot Doctors and the Medical Pyramid published in the British Medical Journal in 1974 pointed out that as the bottom of the medical pyramid system, barefoot doctors’ semi-peasant and semi-doctor status determines that they can only provide basic and simple medical services and convey health concepts such as "washing hands before meals" to the public. They have played a great role in disease prevention, such as early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in Northeast China and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong.

　

"As a product of a specific historical period, barefoot doctors and cooperative medical system are a creation of farmers in China under the condition of lack of health resources and serious unfair distribution." Li Decheng, an associate professor of Jiangxi Normal University, once wrote an article summarizing that barefoot doctors have built the bottom layer of the three-level medical prevention and health care network in rural areas, so that measures such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of epidemic prevention drugs implemented by higher health administrative departments can be truly implemented.

　

After the disappearance of "barefoot doctor"

　

After 1976, with the end of the political movement, the number of primary health workers, including barefoot doctors, decreased at an average annual rate of 400,000.

　

At that time, the health department began to standardize employees, control the number and quality of barefoot doctors, and eliminated a number of unqualified health personnel through examination and certification. The examination began in 1979. In 1981, the State Council approved the Report of the Ministry of Health on Reasonably Solving the Subsidy of Barefoot Doctors. It was mentioned in the document that "barefoot doctors who pass the examination and are equivalent to the technical secondary school level will be issued with a’ barefoot doctor’ certificate, and in principle they will be given treatment equivalent to the level of private teachers. For barefoot doctors who can’t reach the level of technical secondary school temporarily, it is necessary to strengthen training, and their remuneration, in addition to recording workers, should also be given appropriate subsidies according to local actual conditions. "

　

After the disintegration of the people’s commune, with the disintegration of the collective economic foundation, the rural cooperative medical system and the barefoot doctor system further lost their organizational support and economic support. By 1983, the number of barefoot doctors in China had dropped to more than 1.2 million.

　

On January 24th, 1985, Chen Minzhang, the former Minister of Health, pointed out in his speech at the National Conference of Health Directors that "the name’ barefoot doctor’ was put forward by Zhang Chunqiao and others in an article in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, and then it was widely used in various places. The meaning of this name is not exact either. Now we have decided not to use this name. In the future, anyone who has reached the level of a healer after examination is called a rural doctor; Those who fail to reach the level of healers are renamed as health workers. "

　

The next day, People’s Daily published the article "Stop using the name of" barefoot doctors "and consolidate the development of rural doctors", and the era of "barefoot doctors" ended here. Barefoot doctors retired and changed careers. Some left the public system to open clinics at home, while others contracted the original commune health centers, taking responsibility for their own profits and losses, and continued to practice medicine in the name of "barefoot doctors".

　

After the transformation, barefoot doctors have improved their professional level through retraining, further study and self-study. Coupled with the villagers’ original trust in barefoot doctors, village doctors were still very popular in the 1990s, when Ma Wenfang saw more than 150 patients a day. From "recording work points" to "self-financing", the village clinic still has a part of income. Ma Wenfang keeps enough income for his family to eat and drink, and the rest is fed back to the villagers to take medicines and give free vaccinations to children who can’t afford vaccines. In Ma Wenfang’s impression, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, rural doctors briefly experienced a "golden age".

　

　

Soon, by the mid-1990s, the eastern region developed rapidly, attracting a large number of farmers to go out to work. Village clinics have backward hardware, insufficient manpower and old doctors, which are in sharp contrast with big hospitals. With the increase of people’s income, villagers have gradually formed the consciousness of "going to big hospitals when they are sick". The survival of village doctors began to become difficult.

　

In fact, the transformation dilemma of rural primary health care system appeared after the collapse of the "barefoot doctor" system. Although the primary health workers in rural areas were still "barefoot doctors" in the past, they lost the original system guarantee and economic support and made a living in the market economy environment driven by interests. Obviously, they could no longer undertake the functions of epidemic prevention supervision of "barefoot doctors", and the rural primary health network could no longer operate effectively after entering the 1980s.

　

"The disintegration of the cooperative medical system and the transformation of the role of’ barefoot doctors’ have led to the plight of rural primary health care and the loss of basic medical security for farmers." Zhang Daqing said that in 2003, the China municipal government put forward the plan of establishing a new rural cooperative medical system and promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Rural Doctors’ Practice, so as to rebuild the rural primary health care service system. However, there are still many disharmonies between the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical services of rural doctors, and the service system that adapts to the medical consumption level and level of the new rural cooperative medical system needs to be improved.

　

"The current rural primary medical problems cannot be solved by simply restoring the original barefoot doctor system." Zhang Daqing pointed out that with the development of social economy, people’s demand for the quality of health care has also increased rapidly, and their awareness of health and financial investment in maintaining health have increased. It is understandable to pursue better medical services. The state can only guide graded diagnosis and treatment from the system design. More crucially, the system design of rural primary health service system should be clear about its functions and responsibilities.

　

After being elected as a deputy to the National People’s Congress in 2008, Ma Wenfang began to investigate the basic medical care in rural areas and the practice of village doctors. He visited more than 300 villages in 38 prefecture-level cities in 7 provinces including Henan, Shandong and Hunan, and found that the phenomenon of hollow villages is becoming more and more common, and the treatment of village doctors is low. Some villages even have no village doctors, and the level of basic health services in rural areas is worrying. "Grass-roots work needs specific people to do, and village doctors subsidize more than 1,000 pieces a month. Now in this era, who is willing to do it and who will take over in the future? What about basic medical care and public health in rural areas? " Ma Wenfang said with concern.

Recently, Star Era ET was officially launched, and a total of 8 new models were launched, with a price of 189.8-319.8 million yuan. Xingjiyuan ET is positioned as a medium and large SUV, providing two power options: extended range and pure electric.

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　　"You should not be sent by the public security bureau ‘ Spy ’ Right? " Zhou Chen, who claimed to be engaged in telecommunication network fraud in northern Myanmar, tried many times and told reporters that he could buy real-time express noodles at the price of 4 yuan, but the goods on the list must be "mother and baby".

　　Similarly, Zhuyi, who claimed to be in charge of "receiving materials" in the "studio" of electronic fraud, bought "mother and baby" express noodles at the price of 5 yuan. He explained that in the express delivery list of shoes, bags, liquor, clothing, cosmetics, mother and baby, the "conversion rate" of mother and baby is high, which is "easy to cheat" in common parlance.

　　Double Eleven is approaching, is your express parcel information safe? From late September to mid-October, 2021, after several days of unannounced visits, The Paper reporters found that the courier sheets printed with personal information such as name, telephone number and address were sold in batches with clear price tag, involving Shentong Express, Best Express, ZTO Express, YTO Express and other enterprises. These express orders are classified into "historical" and "real-time (sent on the same day)", and they are accurately classified and sold according to the type of goods, the price of goods, and the gender of express users. According to whether it is real-time information and different commodity prices, the price varies, forming a set of "rules".

　　In Baidu Post Bar "Express Bar", "Electronic Face Sheet Bar", "Yuantong Bar" and "Courier Bar" and other communities, online posts selling and buying user express face sheets abound. The pictures in this article are all from The Paper reporter Qin Shan.

　　Real-time express bill is the information document of the package sent by the user after placing the order on the same day. After the user often places an odd number of hours, the personal information is priced for sale. Some buyers said that most people in the "circle" claimed to be used to "accurately market and drain" businesses, but in fact many of them flowed into the hands of telecom network fraudsters at home and abroad. The above-mentioned two people who claimed to engage in telecom fraud told reporters that they had been collecting materials in the "studio" engaged in fraud for a long time, and the "studio" had a clear division of labor, and someone called for fraud.

　　Obtaining personal express information through illegal channels is often the first step of telecommunication network fraud. After obtaining personal courier information, fraudsters will pretend to be "customer service" or "courier brother" and "fish" in different ways. Common things such as "lost package, claim by courier company", "damaged goods, contact for refund", "sending a return link, and taking personal information".

　　A user who received the express "material" posted a net post to find a seller.

　　In fact, information leakage in the express delivery industry is not uncommon in recent years. For example, last year, "Yuantong ‘ The mole ’ The incident involving the disclosure of 400,000 express customer information has aroused widespread concern. However, despite the constant crackdown, the phenomenon of information leakage has not been eradicated.

　　Underground market: Real-time and accurate express information is more expensive.

　　"Express bill" refers to the bill used by the express delivery industry to record the sender, consignee, product weight, price and other related information during the delivery of goods, which needs to be affixed to the package. A courier list contains the recipient’s name, telephone number, home address and other private information.

　　"Face-to-face list, find a courier brother, and cooperate with Yuncang. The main collection list is cosmetic and skin care products, children’s clothes on the car, and maternal and child products … "

　　In Baidu Post Bar "Express Bar", "Electronic Face Sheet Bar", "Yuantong Bar" and "Courier Bar" and other communities, online posts selling and buying user express face sheets abound. In the "circle", the express information is called "material", and the face sheet is mostly replaced by abbreviations such as "KD" and "MD". Under a net post for discharging materials, there will be multiple recipients leaving messages or private letters for inquiry.

　　Buyers often require "real-time" face sheets, that is, express delivery sent on the same day, as well as summarized historical express delivery information, which are mostly organized in the form of documents. In the underground market, there is no fixed price for this information, but the real-time face sheet is more expensive, and the average market price is around 4 yuan and 1 yuan for historical information. From the afternoon of September 24th to the noon of September 25th, Gong Junshan, the seller of "materials", packaged and sold more than 500 Baishi Express noodle orders to reporters at the price of each 4 yuan. These express orders contain the names, telephone numbers, addresses and other detailed personal information of the recipients and senders, showing that the goods are clothing, and they were sent from an international trade city on September 24th.

　　On the afternoon of September 24th, according to the price of each 4 yuan, Gong Junshan, the seller of "materials", packaged and sold more than 500 BES express face sheets to reporters.

　　For the source of the express delivery list for sale, Gong Junshan kept his mouth shut. He claimed that there were a number of "agents" under him, who were responsible for taking materials from the staff of the courier outlets who took photos to ensure the first-hand supply. Every day, he has hundreds to thousands of face sheets, most of which are Baishi Express, and there are also real-time express face sheets from Shentong, Zhongtong, Yunda, Postal Service and Polar Rabbit.

　　The reporter noticed that most of the above-mentioned pictures of express delivery sheets sent to reporters by Gong Junshan were photos of express parcels posted with express delivery sheets, or photos of even sheets printed by the sheet printer.

　　YTO Express noodle list sold.

　　On October 2nd, Gong Junshan claimed to have 343 real-time ZTO Express noodles in his hand, and sold 50 noodles to reporters at the price of each 4 yuan, among which there were many round noodles. The face sheet information shows that a merchant in Guicheng Street, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong sent different clothes to buyers all over the country, and the face sheet clearly marked the personal information of the buyers.

　　ZTO Express noodle list sold.

　　In order to find more customers, Gong Junshan also joined a "bat group" with over 500 people. App(BatChat, an app named Bat, was developed and operated by Chengdu Feibat Technology Co., Ltd., claiming to be a private chat communication tool based on "end-to-end encryption".

　　The reporter observed in the group that the group took the first letter of "Express" and named it "KD- Face-to-Face Communication", which lurked a large number of users who sold and purchased various personal express information. The group owner even put the message on the top: "Receive the materials, and you can leave the group owner if you have the materials."

　　"Women’s shoes, mostly with high heels, are priced in the range of 200 to 600, with a guaranteed price of 4 …" Buyers and sellers who "receive materials" in the group accurately classify transactions according to real-time and historical express information, types of express goods, prices of purchased goods, gender of express users and other conditions. For example, some specialize in receiving express information such as mother and baby, vehicle equipment, women’s shoes, food, clothing and perfume, while others specialize in receiving all male express information.

　　Chang Jingshan sold 10 samples to reporters at the price of 2 yuan per order, showing the user information of Shentong Express sent to buyers all over the country when he placed an order in Tik Tok store of a cosmetics company in Guangzhou, Guangdong on September 8.

　　On the day of placing the order, your courier information may have been leaked.

　　Another seller, Chang Jingshan, claimed to have a lot of historical and real-time express information in his hand. He sold 10 samples to reporters at the price of 2 yuan per order, showing the information of Shentong Express sent by a cosmetics company in Tik Tok on September 8 to buyers all over the country, including the name of the buyer, the type of goods purchased, the price of the goods, the express delivery number, the mobile phone number and the receiving address.

　　In order to further fix the evidence, the reporter bought from Chang Jingshan again on the grounds that he needed clothes express information, and the other party immediately sent 10 Shentong express samples of down vest products placed in Tik Tok, which also included the above detailed personal information of the buyer.

　　In addition to selling express orders, there are also sellers who specialize in selling express orders. On the afternoon of September 29th, Sun Yiwei sold 100 samples of Shentong Express at the price of each 0.8 yuan, of which the first 50 were historical express data and the last 50 were express information sent on September 29th.

　　In addition to selling express orders, there are also sellers who specialize in selling express orders. On the afternoon of September 29th, Sun Yiwei sold 100 samples of Shentong Express at the price of each 0.8 yuan, of which the first 50 were historical express data and the last 50 were express information sent on September 29th.

　　The inquiry found that these numbers of Shentong Express were all valid, and most of them passed through Shentong Express "Jiangsu Suqian Center" and "Jiangsu Huai ‘an Transfer Center", which was suspected to be leaked in this circulation link. "It’s all 55 thousand, and there are historical single numbers within half a year." Sun Yiwei said.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that sellers who sell real-time express orders tend to trade actively after 5 pm, when couriers usually start to collect pieces, and the information of electronic orders is stored in the work computer or printed and posted on the package, and the leaked user information also begins to flow in the underground market. At the same time, this means that express users often sell their sensitive information at a price after an odd number of hours.

　　In order to further verify the authenticity of the courier information sold by the above-mentioned sellers, the reporter dialed the user’s phone number in the above-mentioned courier list and historical document one by one to confirm that the information was accurate, and the sellers did not know that the information had been leaked.

　　In this black market, transactions are conducted in secret, and many sellers and buyers send reporters a virtual currency link, allowing reporters to pay with "U" or recharge on their behalf. The full name of "U" is Teda Coin (USDT), which is a virtual currency that links cryptocurrency with the US dollar.

　　A buyer who received materials asked the reporter to download a "Huobi" App that can trade different virtual currencies, saying that this line is risky and all transactions are made in virtual currencies.

　　Active in the express delivery market in Bat App.

　　"I handle tens of thousands of real-time express messages every day."

　　Gong Junshan told reporters that people in the circle understand what buyers use to do, saying that it is "marketing drainage" for e-commerce businesses, but in fact it is "telecom network fraud". The reporter’s investigation also confirmed that many courier information circulating in the market was suspected to be used by criminals engaged in telecommunication network fraud.

　　According to the aforementioned ZTO Express single number sold by Gong Junshan, the reporter contacted Lu Yi who was almost defrauded.

　　Lu Yi, from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, told reporters that after shopping, she received a phone call claiming to be "ZTO Express", and the other party said that the loss of express delivery required her to apply for compensation through the claims channel. After scanning the QR code, the page jumped to the Alipay interface. After opening the payment step by step according to the requirements, she was told that due to excessive application for payment, the credit problem of Alipay account would be caused, and I need to go to Hangzhou West Lake Building to handle it. If I don’t go, I will bear the consequences.

　　At this time, Lu Yi suspected that the other party might be a liar, and she lived in Hangzhou. She was not afraid to go to the West Lake Building to handle the relevant formalities if there was a credit problem, so she stopped the dialogue with ZTO Express. A few days later, she received the "lost" courier.

　　Xia Hang is a middleman who specializes in collecting materials for express delivery. He told reporters that there are tens of thousands of real-time express messages delivered by him every day, which are basically collected from couriers and staff of express delivery companies at the price of each 4 yuan, and then sold to the "studio" at home. He said that most of the online acquisition of express delivery "materials" are middlemen, which supply materials for "studios". These "studios" are not studios in the traditional sense, but gangs specializing in telecommunication network fraud. When purchasing express delivery information, the next family claimed to use it for telemarketing, which drained the marketing of e-commerce platform, and some directly said that it was telecom network fraud.

　　Zhu Yi, who claimed to be engaged in telecommunication network fraud, told reporters that the so-called "studio" is a gang specializing in telecommunication network fraud. The "studio" has people in charge of finance, people who make phone calls, and people who dock resources (receive express delivery materials). He is the person who "receives materials" in China. At noon or afternoon the next day after receiving the goods, the "studio" will pay the money after checking the goods and confirming that the information is correct. He also told reporters that we should communicate and chat on "Bat", trade with "U", and delete the chat messages after the chat.

　　I wish the first generation told reporters that the breakdown of express delivery "materials" according to the purchased goods can improve the success rate of fraud. They are generally called "conversion rate". Among the goods such as shoes, bags, liquor, clothing, cosmetics, and mothers and babies, mothers and babies are "easy to use", which means "easy to cheat" in common parlance. People who receive "materials" in the market prefer maternal and infant express information, and the price is higher. He can buy the express delivery information of maternal and infant products, and 4 yuan one of clothing, shoes and bags at the price of 5 yuan one.

　　"You should not be sent by the public security bureau ‘ Spy ’ Right? " Zhou Chen, who claimed to be engaged in telecommunication network fraud in northern Myanmar, told reporters after repeated probing that as long as the information is authentic, the low "conversion rate" is fine.

　　"I was cheated of 160,000 yuan in 30 minutes."

　　The reporter’s investigation found that obtaining personal express information through illegal channels is often the first step of telecommunication network fraud. After obtaining personal courier information, fraudsters will pretend to be "courier company customer service" or "courier brother" and "fish" in different ways. Common things such as "lost package, claim by courier company", "damaged goods, contact for refund", "sending a return link, and taking personal information".

　　Among the different fraud methods, the fraud methods of "lost courier" and "customer service initiative refund" are mostly used.

　　According to the information reported by the police in the past, most of these cases are fraudsters who obtain the online shopping information of the victims through illegal channels and pretend to be customer service to call the victims, claiming that their online shopping goods were lost or had quality problems during transportation, which can help the victims to handle multiple refunds. When the victim believes the scammer lightly, the scammer will send a phishing website link to the victim to trick the victim into entering identity information, bank card information and verification code on the webpage and transfer the money in the victim’s bank card.

　　On September 23rd, a video released by Weibo user "Yang Keai Ukulele" attracted attention. In the video, she claimed that she had been cheated by telecom and was induced by a swindler to transfer 160,000 yuan to the other party within 30 minutes. The swindler falsely claimed that "the lost courier should be given to double indemnity" and accurately reported her name and courier number on the courier list on the phone, which made her relax her vigilance.

　　In an interview with The Paper, Yang Keai recalled in detail the process of being cheated.

　　She said that on September 17th, she received a phone call from a landline that showed Hong Kong. On the phone, the other party claimed to be the "customer service" of Shentong Express. A courier she bought at Tmall Import Supermarket was accidentally lost, and the courier company would double indemnity her. Then the other party told her a courier number and the pseudonym she left on the courier.

　　She said that after verifying that the information was correct, she trusted the other party and began to apply for 180 yuan Express claims in Alipay’s "petty cash" under the guidance of "customer service". The other party said that due to operational errors, the petty cash application became 500 yuan, which led to a loan relationship with Alipay. In order to cancel the loan relationship, the express "customer service" asked her to download an App called "Yilian Meeting" to join the meeting and contact a staff member who claimed to be the official customer service of Alipay. The "official customer service" said that her Alipay Sesame credit score was insufficient and she needed to transfer 180,000 yuan to the designated account for credit guarantee, so she transferred a total of 160,000 yuan from several bank cards under her name to the designated account under the guidance of the customer service. "Customer Service" asked her to continue to borrow 20,000 yuan from her friend to make up the credit line of 180,000 yuan. At this time, her friend found that she was cheated and accompanied her to the public security bureau to report the case.

　　Yang Keai recalled afterwards that during the fraud, she received three different phone calls from scammers, all of which were shown as landline calls from Hong Kong, but she did not find anything unusual at that time. Two days later, she received this "lost piece" courier, and the courier status was normal. In this regard, she complained to Tmall’s official customer service and Shentong Express respectively. Tmall responded that the matter was not handled by it. After contacting it, Shentong Express staff said that they needed to ask for instructions from their superiors and had not received the latest reply.

　　She said that in September this year, the police had issued a notice of filing the case and filed a case for investigation.

　　(Gong Junshan, Chang Jingshan, Sun Yiwei, Xia Hang, Zhu Yidai and Zhou Chen are pseudonyms)

◆ Jietu X70S EV

　　　New car features:The appearance of the new car is basically the same as the fuel version.

　　A few days ago, we obtained the declaration information of Jietu X70 EV model from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The appearance of the new car is basically the same as that of the fuel version, and the charging port is placed at the front of the car. According to previous information, the car will be unveiled at the Shanghai Auto Show and will be officially launched for sale in mid-2019.

『Jietu X70 EV declaration map』

　　According to the declaration chart of this exposure, there is little difference between the new car as a whole and the fuel version, and the design style officially called "Huizhou City Leader" is still adopted. The air intake grille is decorated with horizontal chrome trim strips and frames, and is connected with the headlights on both sides and integrated with each other, stretching the visual width of the front face. It is understood that the center of the front grille is a charging port, which is divided into fast charging and slow charging.

"Previously exposed test spy photos"

　　The tail shape of the new car is relatively simple, and the slender taillight group is integrated with LED light source, and the "X70 EV" logo is on the lower right corner of the tailgate to show its identity. In addition, a large area of white tailgate is surrounded by black at the bottom, and it is equipped with two exhaust decorations on both sides, which looks good.

"Previously exposed test spy photos"

　　In terms of interior, according to the previous interior spy photos, the overall design of the new car is obviously different from the fuel version. Specifically, the car is equipped with a three-spoke multifunctional flat-bottomed steering wheel, but the mechanical instrument panel is an independent gun barrel style, with an independent floating touch screen in the central control area and an air conditioning control panel and knob below. In addition, the pure electric version is equipped with a knob-type electronic gear lever, which is more advanced overall.

『Jietu X70 EV declaration map』

　　In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 4750/1910/1710mm respectively, and its wheelbase is 2745mm. In terms of configuration, in the future, according to different models, it will provide LED headlights, panoramic sunroof, front camera, rear camera, front radar, B/C column black film, black glass and so on. In terms of power, the new car will be equipped with a model TZ230XS45FD drive motor produced by Shanghai Automotive Electric Drive Co., Ltd., with a maximum power of 170 HP (125 kW). The power battery pack is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack produced by Hefei Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd.

　　Editor’s comment:Jietu is Chery’s latest sub-brand, which is targeted at young people or families with two children. In the future, MPV and new energy vehicles will be launched in addition to SUVs. Jetway X70 EV will be the brand’s first pure electric vehicle, and its appearance is not much different from that of the fuel version of Jetway X70. If the 7-seat layout of the fuel version can be continued, there are not many vehicles with similar positioning in the field of electric vehicles. Netizens who are concerned about the pure electric 7-seat SUV can look forward to this car.

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◆ Qingyuan Xiao Zun/Zun Zun

　　　New car features:The new car looks avant-garde; As a mini-car, Xiaozun has a comprehensive endurance of 400km and adopts a three-door and four-seat layout.

　　A few days ago, we learned from the official of Qingyuan Automobile that it will build a family product name with the word "Zun" as the core. It is understood that its two exposed models are officially named Qingyuan Xiaozun and Qingyuan Zun. Among them, Qingyuan Xiaozun is positioned as a miniature pure electric vehicle, and Qingyuan Zun is positioned as a medium-sized pure electric vehicle. Both models will be officially unveiled at the Shanghai Auto Show held on April 16th.

　　According to official information, Qingyuan Xiaozun has a body size of 3400/1695/1560mm and a wheelbase of 2250mm, and will adopt a layout of three doors and four seats. The overall design of the car body tends to be simple and full of science and technology, and the design of the closed middle net on the front face is also in line with the characteristics of electric vehicles. In terms of power, the car will use a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a maximum torque of 120N·m, and the battery will adopt a modular design. The official NEDC comprehensive cruising range can reach 400km.

　　As for Qingyuan Venerable, the official did not provide configuration information. Judging from the official map, the overall design of the car has a strong sense of science and technology. The long and narrow light strip above the front face LOGO extends the visual width of the front. The spoiler design of the lower part of the front face and the side skirt creates a strong offensive through the use of broken lines, and the front windshield is very inclined and streamlined. In addition, the narrow taillights at the rear of the car echo the lights on the front face, and the raised section at the rear also enhances the three-dimensional sense.

　　Editor’s comment:Judging from the official map, the designs of Qingyuan’s two models are very avant-garde. Especially this car, Xiaozun, seems to have a very high degree of completion at present. The eye-catching place of this car is not only the appearance, but also the performance of comprehensive cruising range, reaching 400km, which is not easy for a miniature pure electric vehicle.

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◆ Summary of the full text: Some China brands are breaking through to the high end in the field of electric vehicles.

　　　In addition to the new energy vehicles introduced above, we understand that there are also some concept vehicles that will be exhibited at the Shanghai Auto Show, namelyZero run C-more、Nissan IMs concept car、Audi AI:me concept car、Karma Vision pure electric concept car and a new car developed in cooperation with Pininfarina、Dazhong ID. ROOMZZWait. Due to the limited information received, we will make an in-depth report for you after the exhibition begins.

　　Through the preview of this Shanghai Auto Show, we can find that China brand vehicles occupy a large proportion in the field of new energy vehicles. Among these enterprises, some car companies are marching into high-end areas that have not been touched in the fuel car market, such as the sports car of ARCFOX, a subsidiary of BAIC New Energy, and the Han of BYD. In contrast, there are not many mass-produced new energy vehicles unveiled by international brands, but there are also some bright spots, such as (|), Audi Q2L e-tron and buick VELITE 6 pure electric version. In a word, there are many participating models in the new energy field at this Shanghai Auto Show, and the competition is fierce. (Text/car home Hu Yongbin)