During the National Day holiday, there were frequent personnel movements, and visits to relatives and friends and trips abroad increased significantly. Warm tips from the National CDC:

Important tips

During the National Day holiday in 2024, it is necessary to focus on animal-borne infectious diseases such as infection, whooping cough, influenza, measles, dengue fever and human avian influenza, and norovirus gastroenteritis in novel coronavirus. When traveling abroad, it is necessary to focus on the epidemic risks of local infectious diseases such as dengue fever and monkeypox.

Before traveling, you should know the recent epidemic risk warning of the travel destination in advance and master the preventive measures; Outbound personnel need to pay attention to travel health tips issued by destination countries or regions.

During the trip, you should maintain good personal hygiene habits, pay attention to the hygiene of drinking water, wash your hands frequently, ventilate more, and prevent mosquito bites, take necessary protective articles and medicines, and do not share personal daily necessities such as toothbrushes and towels with others.

If you feel unwell after your trip, you should seek medical advice in time and take the initiative to inform your doctor about your travel history, so as to help with diagnosis and treatment.

Characteristics of related risks and specific preventive measures

Novel coronavirus infection

Novel coronavirus is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and close contact, but it can be transmitted by aerosol in a closed environment, and contact with articles contaminated by virus can also cause infection. The elderly and immunocompromised people are at higher risk of serious illness after infection.

Main preventive measures:

(1) Open the window regularly for ventilation to keep indoor air circulation.

(2) Try to avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory infection and wear masks scientifically.

(3) The elderly, patients with chronic basic diseases and other severe high-risk groups actively take the initiative to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine.

(4) When symptoms such as fever and cough appear, try to avoid participating in group activities, seek medical treatment in time, and wear a mask throughout the medical treatment.

whooping cough

Pertussis is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, such as coughing and sneezing of infected people, which spread bacteria into the air. Susceptible people are infected by inhaling droplets with bacteria. It can also spread through close contact. Parents or other residents infected with whooping cough are the main sources of infection for infants.

Main preventive measures:

(1) School-age children should be vaccinated as early as possible and throughout the whole process.

(2) Infants with persistent cough or shortness of breath, hypoxia, vomiting and other symptoms, especially when family members have cough symptoms, should seek medical advice in time.

(3) When family members have symptoms of respiratory infection such as persistent cough, they should see a doctor as soon as possible, and avoid close contact with infants under 1 year old. When caring for children over 1 year old in close contact, they should wear masks scientifically.

(4) Maintain good hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently and ventilate frequently, cover your mouth and nose with elbows or paper towels when coughing or sneezing, and pay attention to reasonable work and rest and proper physical exercise.

flu

Influenza virus is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, and can be transmitted by aerosol in a closed environment. Contact with items contaminated by virus can also cause infection.

Main preventive measures:

(1) Vaccination against influenza is the most economical and effective means to prevent influenza. Severe and high-risk groups such as the elderly and patients with chronic basic diseases should take the initiative to vaccinate against influenza.

(2) Promote frequent hand washing and avoid touching your mouth, eyes and nose with your hands. Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing.

(3) Try to avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory infection. Open the window regularly for ventilation to keep indoor air circulation.

(4) When symptoms such as fever and cough appear, try to avoid participating in group activities, seek medical treatment in time, and wear a mask throughout the medical treatment.

measles

Measles is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, and can also be transmitted by direct contact with the secretions of infected people. Measles is one of the most infectious diseases.

Main preventive measures:

(1) School-age children should be vaccinated with measles vaccine in accordance with the national immunization program for children.

(2) Maintain good hygiene habits, regularly open windows for ventilation, maintain indoor air circulation, and try to avoid close contact with people with respiratory infection symptoms.

(3) When symptoms such as fever and rash appear, try to avoid participating in group activities, seek medical treatment in time, and wear a mask throughout the medical treatment.

dengue

Dengue fever is mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, which is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. The epidemic situation of dengue fever in China is mainly caused by local transmission caused by overseas import.

Main preventive measures:

(1) Prevent mosquito bites. Wear long clothes and trousers when going outdoors, and spray mosquito repellent on exposed skin; Install mosquito screens indoors and hang mosquito nets when sleeping.

(2) Clear mosquito breeding ground in time. Indoor and outdoor water tanks, flower pots, cans and other water containers should be cleaned and changed in time, and the pots should be turned upside down to avoid mosquito breeding.

(3) Improve the awareness of self-treatment. Those who have lived in the place where dengue fever occurred within 14 days should seek medical advice in time if they have symptoms such as fever, rash, headache, joint pain and muscle pain, and take the initiative to inform them of their living history.

mpox

At present, both monkeypox virus type I and monkeypox virus type II are mainly transmitted by direct contact with the pathological secretions and exudates of patients. Common direct contact methods include sexual behavior, close contact at home, medical care contact and so on. Contact with virus-contaminated environment and articles can also cause infection, but the transmission efficiency is lower than that of direct contact.

Main preventive measures:

(1) Be the first person responsible for your own health, understand the knowledge of prevention and control of monkeypox, enhance self-protection awareness, reduce high-risk behaviors and reduce the risk of transmission.

(2) When going to an epidemic area of monkeypox, you should know the epidemic situation of monkeypox in the destination in advance, do personal protection, avoid contact with local wild animals, and avoid close contact with monkeypox patients or people with suspicious symptoms; Abide by the relevant national regulations on entry-exit management and cooperate with entry-exit quarantine inspection.

(3) If you have suspicious symptoms such as fever and rash and have a suspicious contact history recently, you should seek medical advice in time and inform the contact history. Self-health monitoring for 21 days from the onset of symptoms, during which close contact with others should be avoided.

Infectious diseases of animal origin

Contact with infected animals, livestock and poultry and their polluted environment, food and articles is an important way to spread animal-borne infectious diseases such as plague, human avian influenza, brucellosis, anthrax and rabies.

Main preventive measures:

(1) avoid contact with animals of unknown origin, do not hunt, strip, carry wild animals and their products, and do not eat dead animals.

(2) Do not directly contact wild birds and poultry, and do not buy live poultry from live poultry markets, live poultry stalls in farmers’ markets or mobile vendors.

(3) Do not slaughter or touch sick animals. When animals such as cattle and sheep suddenly die, don’t deal with them without permission, and immediately report to the local agricultural and animal husbandry department.

(4) After being scratched or bitten by dogs, cats and other animals, you should immediately wash the wound with soapy water, go to the hospital as soon as possible, and accept the preventive measures after exposure in a timely, standardized and whole process according to the doctor’s advice.

Norovirus gastroenteritis

Norovirus gastroenteritis is mainly transmitted through contact with infected patients and eating water and food contaminated by the virus.

Main preventive measures:

(1) Maintain good hygiene habits and wash your hands before and after meals, before processing food or after your hands are contaminated. Food should be steamed and cooked thoroughly, especially seafood and aquatic products. Fruits and vegetables should be cleaned. Do not eat raw or undercooked meat and seafood, and do not drink raw water.

(2) Articles and places contaminated by patients’ vomit or feces should be cleaned and sprayed with chlorine-containing disinfectants or other effective disinfectants in time, and contaminated clothes or sheets should be replaced and cleaned immediately. During disinfection and cleaning, you should wear masks and gloves, open the window for ventilation, and wash your hands thoroughly and regularly after treatment.

(3) Strengthen exercise, maintain a healthy and regular routine, and enhance the body’s resistance to viruses.

Original title: "The latest health tips issued by the National CDC"

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