Order of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government

No.138

The "Interim Measures" of Hangzhou residential property management has been deliberated and adopted by the executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Acting Mayor Chou Baoxing　　　　

June 30, 1999　　

Chapter I General Principles

the first In order to regulate the behavior of residential property management, clarify the rights and obligations of owners, users and property management companies, ensure the rational use of property, create and maintain a good living environment and public order, these measures are formulated in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and combined with the actual city.

the second These Measures shall apply to the property management of residential areas within the urban area of Hangzhou.

Article The term "residential area" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a residential area with a certain scale and relatively complete infrastructure.

The term "residential property" as mentioned in these Measures refers to residential and non-residential houses and supporting public facilities, equipment and venues in residential areas. The scope of residential areas subject to property management shall be designated by the administrative department of property management of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government.

The term "property management" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities that the owners form the owners’ committee to entrust the property management company with the management of the common parts and common affairs of their property.

The term "owner" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the owner of the property.

The term "user" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the lessee of the property and other people who actually use the property.

The term "property management company" as mentioned in these Measures refers to an enterprise legal person established in accordance with the law to engage in property management services.

According to the provisions of these measures, users of public houses shall enjoy the rights of owners and assume corresponding obligations.

Article 4 Property management implements the principle of combining the owner’s self-management with the professional management entrusted by the property management company.

Article 5 Hangzhou real estate administrative department (hereinafter referred to as the municipal property administrative department) is in charge of the property management of residential areas in this Municipality.

District real estate administrative departments (hereinafter referred to as district property management departments) shall supervise and manage the property management within their respective jurisdictions in accordance with these Measures.

The relevant functional departments at all levels shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, cooperate with the competent department of property management in residential areas.

Article 6 The people’s governments of all districts shall strengthen the coordination in the implementation of property management in residential areas within their respective jurisdictions.

Street offices (Town People’s Government) are responsible for coordinating the relationship between property management and community management and community service.

Article 7 Residential areas that implement property management shall set up owners’ committees in accordance with the provisions of these measures. On behalf of the legitimate rights and interests of all owners and users of residential areas, the owners’ committee entrusts the property management company to implement property management, and exercises its functions and powers in accordance with these Measures, the owners’ convention, the articles of association of the owners’ committee and the property management service contract.

Article 8 Property management companies shall, in accordance with the provisions of these Measures, accept the entrustment of the owners’ committee and conduct unified management of residential property in accordance with the property management service contract.

Chapter II Owners’ Congress and Owners’ Committee

Article 9 If the occupancy rate of residential areas reaches more than 50% or the residential buildings have been completed and delivered for two years, the district property management department shall organize the first owners’ meeting or owners’ congress to elect the owners’ committee.

Article 10 The owners’ meeting is composed of all the owners of this residential area; If the number of owners is large, the owners’ representatives shall be elected in proportion to form the owners’ congress. The owners’ meeting can only be held if the owners holding more than half of the voting rights are present. The owner may entrust an agent to attend the owners’ meeting in writing.

Article 11 Owners’ congress and owners’ congress shall be held at least once a year; Upon the proposal of more than 20% of the owners or owners’ representatives, the owners’ committee shall convene the owners’ congress or owners’ congress in time.

The owners’ congress or the owners’ congress shall invite representatives of the residents’ committee to attend as nonvoting delegates.

Article 12 The resolution of the owners’ congress or owners’ congress must be passed by the owners or owners’ representatives present at the meeting, and more than half of them are in favor.

One set of one vote for residential houses; One vote for every 150 square meters of construction area for non-residential houses, and one vote for each house ownership certificate for those below 150 square meters.

Article 13 The owners’ congress or the owners’ congress shall exercise the following functions and powers:

(a) to elect and recall members of the owners’ committee;

(two) according to the proposal of the owners’ committee, decide to hire or dismiss the property management company;

(three) to supervise the work of the owners’ committee;

(four) to review or amend the articles of association of the owners’ committee and the owners’ convention;

(five) to consider and pass the residential property management plan;

(six) to change or cancel the inappropriate decision of the owners’ committee;

(seven) to decide on other major issues related to the owners’ rights and interests.

Article 14 The owners’ committee is an organization that represents all owners in the property management area to implement autonomous management of the property.

Article 15 Members of the owners’ committee shall be elected by the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress among the owners, and the number of members of the owners’ committee shall not be less than five. The chairman and deputy directors of the owners’ committee shall be elected by the owners’ committee among the members of the owners’ committee.

Members of the owners’ committee are elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected.

Members of the owners’ committee shall be law-abiding, enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings, impartial and responsible.

The list of members of the owners’ committee and the articles of association shall be reported to the district property management department for registration.

According to the needs of the work, the owners’ committee may employ personnel from police stations, residents’ committees and other relevant units as consultants of the owners’ committee.

Article 16 The owners’ committee shall be responsible for the owners’ meeting, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all owners and perform the following duties:

(1) Organizing the convening of the owners’ congress or owners’ congress;

(2) Propose the hiring or dismissal of the property management company, and sign, modify or terminate the entrusted service contract with the property management company according to the resolution of the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress;

(three) to supervise and inspect the use of property management funds, and examine and approve the annual plan, financial budget and final accounts of property management services proposed by the property management company;

(four) to implement and urge the owners and users to abide by the provisions of property management and other relevant laws and policies, and to assist the property management company in implementing various management work;

(five) to accept the complaints of the owners to the property management company, and regularly listen to and consider the opinions and suggestions of the owners and users;

(six) to supervise the rational use of public buildings and public facilities and equipment;

(seven) accept the supervision and guidance of the property management department, and implement the instructions and requirements put forward by the government departments on property management matters;

(eight) other duties entrusted by the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress.

The meeting of the owners’ committee shall be convened by the director, and the meeting must be attended by more than half of the members, and the decision made shall be agreed by more than half of the members.

The decision made by the owners’ committee shall be published.

Article 17 The decisions made by the owners’ congress, the owners’ congress and the owners’ committee and the owners’ convention are binding on all owners and users in the residential area.

Article 18 Decisions made by the owners’ congress, the owners’ congress or the owners’ committee shall not contravene the laws and regulations of the state.

In violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the district property management department has the right to order it to correct or cancel.

Chapter III Property Management Companies

Article 19 Property management companies must have the corresponding qualifications, be equipped with the corresponding professional and technical personnel and management personnel, and hold the property management qualification certificate issued by the municipal property management department before engaging in the property management business in residential areas.

Property management personnel shall, after passing the unified training and examination by the municipal property administrative department, work with certificates.

Article 20 Property management companies implement property management in residential areas according to the residential property management service contract.

The property management service contract shall include the following contents: management service items, management standards, management authority, management term, management fee income and expenditure, profits and risks, supervision and inspection, liability for breach of contract and other rights and obligations.

The property management service contract shall be reported to the district property management department for the record.

Article 21 Property management companies provide management services on the following matters:

(a) the use, management and maintenance of the common parts and shared facilities and equipment of the house;

(two) residential cleaning services;

(three) the maintenance and management of public green space, flowers and trees;

(4) Management of parking lots;

(five) the maintenance of public order and security in residential areas;

(six) the daily supervision and management of residential decoration;

(seven) the accounting management of property maintenance and renewal costs and the custody of property archives;

(eight) other services agreed by the owners’ committee and the property management company.

A property management company that accepts the entrustment of relevant professional institutions to conduct property management shall sign an entrustment contract.

Article 22 Rights of property management companies:

(a) according to the relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation, formulate the residential property management plan;

(two) the implementation of management of residential areas in accordance with the property management service contract;

(three) according to the property management service contract and the relevant provisions of the management fee;

(four) to stop the violation of residential property management regulations;

(five) to carry out diversified operations and paid services according to law.

Article 23 Obligations of the property management company:

(a) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the technical standards and norms and the annual plan of property management services approved by the owners’ committee, the implementation of management services;

(two) report to the owners’ committee every six months, and submit the income and expenditure accounts of property maintenance and renewal expenses, and accept the supervision of the owners and the owners’ committee;

(three) accept the supervision and guidance of the property management department, other relevant administrative departments and neighborhood offices (town people’s government);

(four) to assist the relevant departments and residents’ committees to provide community life services and carry out community cultural activities.

Article 24 The property management company shall keep the common parts and shared facilities and equipment of the house in good condition, clean and beautiful environment, good public order, and ensure the convenience and safety of the property, and implement it in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) before the owners and users move into the house, inform the owners and users in writing of the common parts of the house, the methods, requirements and precautions for the use and maintenance of common facilities and equipment, and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations;

(two) to conduct a comprehensive patrol and inspection of the property management area, and to repair and maintain the common parts and facilities of the house on a regular basis;

(three) when receiving the property damage repair report, the maintenance and treatment shall be carried out within the time limit as stipulated in the property management service contract;

(four) regularly listen to the opinions and suggestions of the owners’ committee, owners and users, and improve the service;

(five) found in violation of these measures, the owners’ convention, should immediately dissuade, stop, or report to the owners’ committee and the relevant administrative departments;

(six) in accordance with the requirements of the property management service contract, do other services entrusted by the owners’ committee, owners and users.

Article 25 If the property management company fails to meet the standards stipulated in the property management service contract or violates the provisions of the property management service contract, the owners’ committee may terminate the contract.

Article 26 Within fifteen days after the termination or rescission of the property management service contract, the property management company shall handle the following matters with the owners’ committee and report to the district property management department for the record:

(a) the property management service fees received in advance and the balance of maintenance fees are settled according to the facts;

(two) the transfer of all property files and related financial books, and the owners’ committee entrusted audit institutions to audit the financial situation;

(three) the transfer of the owner’s office and business premises, venues and other property.

Article 27 Property management companies shall enjoy the relevant preferential policies of the state.

Chapter IV Use and Maintenance of Property

Article 28 Owners and users shall abide by the relevant provisions of laws and regulations and the resolutions of the owners’ committee, and correctly handle the adjacent relations in terms of water supply, drainage, ventilation, traffic, lighting, maintenance, fire protection, environmental sanitation and environmental protection in accordance with the principles conducive to the use, safety and fairness of the property.

Article 29 Owners and users of houses shall not have the following acts:

(a) damage the load-bearing structure of the house, damage the appearance of the house, and change the use of the house without authorization;

(two) illegal chisel, demolition, occupation, etc. of the internal and external bearing walls, beams, columns, floors, balconies, rooftops, etc. of the house;

(three) all kinds of security doors, windows, grids, etc. are installed beyond the facade of the external wall or occupy public parts;

(four) other activities that endanger public interests and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others.

The consequences caused by the owners and users not using the house according to the instructions for use of the house shall be borne by them.

Article 30 The following acts are prohibited in the property management area:

(a) trample and occupy green space;

(2) Damaging trees and gardens;

(3) occupying common venues such as passages;

(four) littering, debris;

(five) the occurrence of noise exceeding the prescribed standards;

(six) the discharge of toxic and harmful substances that pollute the environment;

(seven) posting, scribbling and portraying on buildings and structures;

(eight) other acts prohibited by laws, regulations and rules and the owners’ convention.

Article 31 No unit or individual may occupy public buildings and shared facilities and equipment within the property management area.

Temporary occupation and excavation of roads and sites in residential areas due to maintenance or public interests must be reported to the relevant departments for approval and restored to the original state in time.

Article 32 The management system of vehicle driving and parking in residential areas shall be jointly formulated by the owners’ committee and the property management company. The charging standard of parking lot shall be implemented according to the provisions of the price management department, and the proceeds shall be used for the property management of residential areas.

Article 33 The use of property to set up advertising and other business facilities shall be subject to the approval of the relevant owners, users and owners’ committees before going through the examination and approval procedures. The proceeds from the establishment shall be used for property management in residential areas.

Article 34 The cost of property maintenance and renewal shall be borne in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) the cost of maintenance and renewal of the occupied parts and equipment of the house shall be borne by the owner;

(two) the cost of maintenance and renewal of the common parts and equipment of the house shall be shared by the owners of the whole house according to the proportion of their own residential construction area; Property maintenance funds established in accordance with these measures shall be charged to the property maintenance fund;

(three) the cost of maintenance and renewal of public facilities shall be shared by all owners in the property management area according to the proportion of their own residential construction area; Property maintenance funds established in accordance with these measures shall be charged to the property maintenance fund.

If the shared parts, shared equipment and public facilities of the house are artificially damaged, the maintenance and renewal costs shall be borne by the responsible person.

When the property is seriously damaged, which affects the safety of the owners and users, the district property management department shall urge the maintenance within a time limit.

When the property maintenance fund is insufficient, the owners shall pay the property maintenance fund in accordance with the decision of the owners’ committee and the proportion of the residential construction area owned by them.

Article 35 Municipal public facilities, environmental sanitation facilities, parking lots and other public facilities in residential areas shall be managed, repaired and maintained by property management companies entrusted by professional management institutions. Management, repair and maintenance costs are paid by professional management institutions according to regulations.

Article 36 When the common parts of the house and public facilities and equipment are maintained, the adjacent owners and users shall cooperate. If the adjacent owners and users refuse to cooperate with the maintenance, causing property losses to other owners and users, the responsible person shall be responsible for compensation.

Because of property maintenance, decoration caused by adjacent owners, users of property losses or affect the use of housing, by the responsible person to repair or compensation.

Chapter V Property Management Funds, Maintenance Funds and Houses

Article 37 Owners and users shall abide by the owners’ convention and pay property management, maintenance and other expenses according to the agreement of the property management service contract and the decision of the owners’ committee.

The unsold vacant property of the construction unit shall share the cost of property management and maintenance, and the sharing ratio shall not be less than 70% of the charging standard.

Article 38 The principle of fairness and rationality should be followed in determining the charging standard of property management services, and the quality of property management services should be adapted to the service charges.

Property management service charges shall be subject to government pricing, government guidance pricing and operator pricing according to the nature, content and characteristics of the services provided.

Public service charges in ordinary residential quarters are subject to government pricing; The service charges of senior apartments, villas and other residential quarters are subject to government-guided prices; Unless otherwise stipulated by the price management department, the special service fee shall be fixed by the operator.

Article 39 If the property management company has accepted the entrusted management and charged the property management service fee, no other department may charge the fee of the same nature and content for any reason.

Article 40 Property management service fees can be collected in advance by agreement, but the period of collection in advance shall not exceed three months.

Article 41 The items and standards charged by the property management company shall be announced to the owners.

The property management company provides services on its own without the agreement of the property management service contract. Without the approval of the owners’ committee or the owners, the owners or users may not pay the fees.

Article 42 New residential buildings must set up property sharing parts, shared facilities and equipment maintenance funds (hereinafter referred to as property maintenance funds).

The property maintenance fund is extracted by the development and construction unit according to 5% to 8% of the total cost of housing construction and installation, and its ownership belongs to all owners.

The property maintenance fund shall be managed by the municipal property maintenance fund management center in residential areas (buildings) as a unit, subject to the supervision of the financial and auditing departments, and ensure the preservation and appreciation.

The management fee of the property maintenance fund management center shall be approved by the municipal finance department according to reasonable needs, extracted from the value-added income of the property maintenance fund and included in the management of extra-budgetary funds.

Property maintenance fund and its value-added part should be earmarked for the maintenance and renewal of shared parts of property and shared facilities and equipment after the expiration of the warranty period, and it is strictly prohibited to use them for other purposes.

The use of the property maintenance fund shall be put forward by the property management company, approved by the owners’ committee and reported to the district property management department for review, and appropriated by the municipal property management department.

City property departments and property management companies should publish the use of property maintenance funds once a year, and accept the supervision of owners and owners’ committees.

Article 43 Before the implementation of these measures, the residential areas that have been built for the implementation of property management, and the maintenance costs of their shared parts and shared facilities and equipment shall be charged in the following ways:

(a) when the public housing is sold, the housing common parts and shared facilities and equipment maintenance fund extracted from the house sale price;

(two) the rent of public housing;

(three) private houses that have not paid the property maintenance fund shall be borne by the owners according to the proportion of the residential construction area they own.

Article 44 The development and construction unit shall incorporate the property management house and the public building supporting house into the supporting project plan of the residential area, and design and construct simultaneously with the new residential building.

Article 45 Development and construction units in residential housing delivery, should be free of charge to provide three thousandths of the total construction area of residential housing property management office space and public activities space, free of charge to provide four thousandths of the total construction area of residential housing services for the residential area.

Property management office space, public activity space and commercial space, which have been included in the development cost, are all received by the municipal property department and handed over to the owners’ committee for use and operation by the property management company.

Article 46 Property management office buildings, public activity buildings and commercial buildings belong to all owners of the residential area, and their ownership shall not be divided, transferred or mortgaged.

The property management company is responsible for the operation of commercial buildings received by the owners’ committee, and the proceeds are used for property management in residential areas.

The term for the property management company to use the property management house shall not exceed the employment term of the property management company.

Chapter VI Early Property Management

Article 47 The term "pre-property management" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the property management before the establishment of the owners’ committee.

Article 48 Three months before the new residential building is delivered for use, the development and construction unit shall hire a property management company to conduct preliminary management, sign a preliminary property management service contract with it, and report it to the district property management department for the record.

After the election of the owners’ committee, the owners’ committee decides to renew or change the employment of the property management company, and signs a property management service contract, and the previous property management service contract is terminated at the same time.

Article 49 The property maintenance fund shall not be used during the prophase property management. The maintenance of shared parts and shared facilities and equipment during this period shall be borne by the development and construction unit.

Article 50 The residential area development and construction unit shall, within fifteen days after the completion and acceptance of the residential area, hand over the following technical materials for project construction to the local property management department:

(a) the general plan of the residential area;

(two) the single building, structure and equipment diagram of the residential area;

(3) Underground pipe network diagram of residential area;

(4) Technical data on the use and maintenance of relevant facilities and equipment;

(five) comprehensive acceptance data of residential areas.

After the establishment of the residential owners’ committee, the local property management department shall hand over the above information to the owners’ committee, which will provide it to the property management company for preservation and use.

Article 51 When a new house is delivered for use, the development and construction unit must provide the Residential Project Warranty Card and the Residential Instruction Manual according to the relevant provisions of the state and this Municipality, and bear the warranty responsibility according to the provisions of the Residential Project Warranty Card.

Article 52 The cost of pre-property management services before delivery shall be borne by the development and construction unit; The prophase property management service fees incurred after delivery shall be borne by the development and construction unit and the buyer in accordance with the stipulations of the residential sales contract.

Article 53 When a new house is delivered for use, the development and construction unit, property management company and other departments of the house shall not charge any fees to the buyer of the house, except as stipulated in the house sales contract or stipulated by the price management department.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Article 54 Owners and users who violate the owners’ convention shall bear corresponding civil liabilities. In violation of the owners’ convention, the owners’ committee or the relevant owners and users may bring a lawsuit to the people’s court according to law.

If the owner or user fails to pay the property management service fee in accordance with the property management service contract, the property management company may impose a late payment fee of three thousandths of the payable fee on a daily basis or impose a late payment fee as agreed.

Article 55 Owners, users in violation of the provisions of article twenty-ninth, the provisions of article thirtieth, the property management company shall promptly stop, and supervise the correction; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the relevant departments for handling according to law.

Article 56 Property management companies that violate the property management service contract shall bear corresponding liabilities for breach of contract; If losses are caused to the owners and users, they shall be liable for compensation.

Article 57 In violation of these measures, the property management company shall be punished according to the following provisions:

(a) in violation of the provisions of article nineteenth, article twentieth, article twenty-first, article twenty-third, article twenty-fourth, article twenty-sixth and article forty-sixth, the property management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and may impose a fine of not less than one thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan;

(two) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-second, fortieth and forty-first, the municipal price management department shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

If the property management company violates these measures seriously, the property management department may lower its qualification grade until the qualification grade certificate is cancelled.

Article 58 Development and construction units in violation of these measures shall be punished in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) in violation of the second paragraph of article forty-second, the provisions of article forty-fifth, the municipal property department shall order it to perform within a time limit. If it still fails to perform within the prescribed time limit, the municipal property administrative department may apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution, and if it violates the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 42, it has the right to require it to pay a late fee at a rate of two thousandths of the payable amount for each overdue day.

(two) in violation of the provisions of article fiftieth, the municipal property department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and may impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than fifty thousand yuan.

Article 59 Property management department staff dereliction of duty, abuse of power, corruption or interception, misappropriation of property maintenance funds, by their units or higher authorities to give administrative sanctions; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 60 The implementation of administrative punishment in violation of these measures shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Administrative Punishment Law.

Article 61 If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, it may apply for reconsideration or directly bring a suit in a people’s court according to law. If a party fails to apply for reconsideration, bring a suit in a people’s court or perform the punishment decision within the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 62 Residential areas that have implemented property management before the implementation of these measures shall be standardized in accordance with the provisions of these measures.

Residential areas that have been delivered for use before the implementation of these measures but have not yet implemented property management may gradually implement property management with reference to the provisions of these measures.

County (city) urban residential property management, with reference to these measures.

Property management of office buildings and commercial and residential buildings shall be implemented with reference to these measures.

Article 63 The Legislative Affairs Bureau of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

Article 64 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　CCTV News:On January 14th, 2020, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Zou Zhiwu, Deputy Director of General Administration of Customs, and Huang Guohua, Deputy Director of Statistics and Analysis Department introduced the import and export situation in 2019 and answered questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked, what are the characteristics of private enterprises in import and export in 2019? What new measures does the General Administration of Customs have to support the import and export of private enterprises?

　　In 2019, private enterprises became the largest subject of foreign trade in China. Zou Zhiwu believes that there are mainly several aspects:

　　First, the vitality of private enterprises has improved. In 2019, the number of private enterprises with import and export performance reached 406,000, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year. At present, the significant increase in the number of private enterprises reflects the continuous optimization of the domestic business environment and is an important manifestation of the endogenous motivation and development vitality of China’s foreign trade. In 2019, the import and export of private enterprises increased by 11.4%, driving the growth of foreign trade by 4.5 percentage points.

　　Second, private enterprises in the central and western regions developed rapidly. With the help of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the comparative advantages of regional comprehensive costs, the import and export of private enterprises grew faster in the central and western regions. In 2019, the import and export growth rate of private enterprises in the central and western regions reached 28.3% and 22.4% respectively, which was 19.5 percentage points and 13.6 percentage points higher than that in the eastern region. In 2019, the top four provinces in terms of import and export growth of private enterprises were all located in the central and western regions, namely Tibet, Hunan, Guangxi and Anhui.

　　Third, the efforts of private enterprises to explore emerging markets have been continuously enhanced. In 2019, the export of private enterprises to all major markets showed a growth trend. While maintaining their traditional market advantages, their exports to emerging markets such as ASEAN, Latin America and Africa increased by 25.6%, 11.4% and 15.6% respectively, which were also higher than the national export growth rate to these three markets.

　　In the next step, the General Administration of Customs is prepared to study and introduce specific measures specifically aimed at the concerns of private foreign trade enterprises, study more specific, more targeted and more beneficial support measures for enterprises, do a good job in customs supervision and services, and further optimize the business environment of private enterprises.

　　The skull of the cave bear discovered by the researchers is much larger than that of the existing brown bear. Image source: Science Progress website

　　Most people may have heard of the extinction of mammoth mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, bighorn deer and other giant fauna in Eurasia during the thrilling extinction event of the Ice Age, but they are not necessarily familiar with cave bears with a body width of 1.7 meters, a body length of 3.5 meters and a weight of more than one ton.

　　Ursus spelaeus is a kind of bear that lived in the northern part of Eurasia in Pleistocene. It became extinct about 20,000 years ago. Because its fossils were mostly found in caves, it was named "Cave Bear". In many famous caves, almost all the bones of the cave bear have been found. It was also found in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China, and it was the two giant bears in the Pleistocene with the giant short-faced bear.

　　Whether the cave bear is a vegetarian or a carnivore, and what is the relationship between the "recipe" of this behemoth and its extinction, the scientific community has always had different opinions. In recent 40 years, through the research on the level of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears, some scientists think that they are herbivores because they like tender grass, grass roots and strawberries. Some scientists believe that they also hunted some animals, even humans at that time, which should be carnivores. Recently, a famous international journal, Scientific Progress, published a paper saying that scientists gave a biomechanical explanation to the eating habits of cave bears through computer simulation, and put forward a brand-new view that "chewing leads to the functional degradation of sinus and other systems, and then the skull becomes smaller, which may lead to the extinction of cave bears" through the relationship between chewing exercise and skull development.

　　Viewpoint 1: Plants wither and starve to death due to falling temperature.

　　Three years ago, Yukichi Naito of the University of Tubingen, Germany, found that the content of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears was low, with strong jaws and large flat teeth, and only dense vegetation grew around their residence. All this shows that cave bears are herbivores. This special diet is the reason why the cave bear became extinct more than 20,000 years ago.

　　At that time, the temperature dropped sharply, and the vegetation withered in a large area, which made the cave bear lose its food. Scholars believe that because the food of the cave bear is very single, it must eat a lot in order to meet the needs of the body. Compared with pandas who have to eat 40 kilograms of bamboo every day, cave bears eat more than that, and the nutrient conversion rate is very low. On the contrary, the brown bear is an omnivore with high nitrogen content in its bones. Its diet includes fruits, honey, fish and so on. Its rich diet structure makes it more adaptable to the environment, so it can be widely distributed. This view has also been widely recognized.

　　The second point of view is that the fight between caves and humans has been wiped out.

　　In the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe, the bones of cave bears discovered by scientists show that cave bears are not as gentle as people thought before. They have huge teeth and razor-sharp claws, are fierce carnivores and even eat people. By analyzing the data of cave bear bones found in the southwest corner of this mountain range in recent years, scientists show that most cave bears have a lot of nitrogen -15 content, which exceeds that of many herbivores. This shows that these cave bears are carnivorous individuals and are typical carnivores. They not only compete with humans for caves, but also prey on hyenas, gray wolves, cave lions and fish.

　　In December 2019, Science Report magazine published an evolutionary research report by European scientists, saying that the cave bear population began to decrease sharply about 40,000 years ago, which was earlier than the climate cooling period and coincided with the spread of modern humans in Europe. The cold climate and the subsequent reduction of plant-derived food may lead to the dispersion of cave bear population into different sub-populations, which live in small habitats with mild climate and rich plants. Various human behaviors, including hunting, may have interrupted the connection between these sub-populations, thus playing a decisive role in the extinction of cave bears.

　　This view has already appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008, and an international research group composed of scientists from the United States, Britain and Germany published their findings — — The cave bear is one of the strongest rivals of human ancestors. With wisdom, human ancestors destroyed the living environment of these fierce animals, drove them out of their caves and rushed to the mountains. There is evidence that some caves were occupied by ancient humans and cave bears alternately. From this, it is speculated that humans killed or drove away those depressed bears during the hibernation of cave bears; When spring comes, the cave bears who are awake from hibernation and hungry in their bellies will attack humans and recapture the caves. In this cycle of fighting, humans with slightly stronger intelligence finally seized the caves and wiped them out.

　　The latest view is that chewing ability becomes weak, so you can’t eat meat and "sleep for a long time"

　　French and Belgian researchers found that the cave bear is an omnivore by analyzing its teeth. Compared with herbivores, carnivores will accumulate more nitrogen in the body during eating. In addition, black bears and brown bears are omnivores, which shows that although cave bears may mainly eat grass in most cases, sometimes they will taste the meat.

　　Axel Barlow of Potsdam University in Germany and others have analyzed the genome sequences of four cave bears that lived between 71,000 and 34,000 years ago, compared them with those of other animals, and analyzed the scratches and spots on their tooth glazes to judge their food composition. The researchers introduced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they found that cave bears were not vegetarian. Before entering hibernation, cave bears had a variety of foods, including poultry and mammals, invertebrates, seeds and various dried fruits and fresh fruits. Like most omnivores, it will not go into hibernation until it stores enough energy.

　　According to the latest viewpoint published in Scientific Progress, the extinction of the cave bear is not due to the competition with human beings, but because the cave bear’s nose has evolved a special structure. The research team from the University of Malaga, Spain, analyzed the eating scene of cave bears by computer simulation to determine whether cave bears can effectively adjust their diet under the condition of limited vegetation resources, thus explaining why European cave bears became extinct during the climate change period.

　　The research team scanned the skulls of four cave bears and eight living brown bears, and found that the sinus of cave bears was surprisingly large, and the sinus directly affected the chewing mode, strength and amplitude. Due to the enlargement of the sinus, the skull and cranium of the cave bear face are deformed, and the originally round top of the head becomes flat and extends backward continuously, so the bite force of the canine teeth and incisors becomes weak. As time goes by, they can’t tear the meat with their front teeth and canine teeth, but only rely on molars to grind the plants and swallow them. Therefore, when grass is not enough to eat, they can’t turn to meat.

　　Why did cave bears evolve into large sinuses? In the cold ice age, cave bears hibernate longer than other Xiong Ke animals in a year, and the large sinuses help to reduce the consumption during hibernation. Sinus is a cavity in the skull, with four pairs, which are symmetrical left and right. It can adjust the temperature and humidity of the air inhaled into nasal cavity, which is very important for cave bears to hibernate.

　　Alejandro perez Ramos, a paleontologist at the University of Malaga in Spain, one of the authors of the paper, explained that cave bears evolved large sinuses to adapt to the environment. With large sinuses, they can reduce energy consumption by hibernating in winter, so as to survive the winter when food supply is insufficient. But it is also because of the large sinuses that their chewing ability is affected. They can only eat grass and can’t eat meat at all. When the vegetation can’t grow because of the cold, the cave bear can’t survive by changing its diet, especially before hibernation, because it fails to intake enough energy, it is likely to run out of fat and "stay awake for a long time", which eventually leads to the extinction of the whole species.

　　Of course, more research evidence is needed about the sinus structure of cave bear. It is believed that with more and more scientific discoveries mastered by scientists, whether cave bears are vegetarians or omnivores and the mystery of cave bears’ extinction will eventually be revealed to the world.

　　 　[Study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee] 　

　　 　People’s democracy in the whole process is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and developing people’s democracy in the whole process is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, listed "focusing on developing people’s democracy in the whole process" among the "seven focuses" and made key arrangements. To thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, we should profoundly grasp the civilized mode, reform requirements and social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process, and focus on directional, overall and strategic issues, so as to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote the construction of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　A profound understanding of the whole process of people’s democracy civilization.

　　 　China’s expression of socialist political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "To study Marx, we must study and practice Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy." Marx and Engels put forward that "the first step of the workers’ revolution is to make the proletariat rise to the ruling class and strive for democracy". Lenin emphasized that socialist social democracy "is the rule of the majority" and advocated "striving for a national system that can best guarantee economic development and people’s rights". The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a firm believer, an active disseminator and a loyal practitioner of Marxism and scientific socialism. The Marxist thought on people’s democracy provides a theoretical source and basis for the formation of people’s democratic ideas in the whole process. In all the practice of revolution, construction and reform, our Party has not only unswervingly guided the great practice of people being masters of their own affairs with Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy, but also unswervingly promoted the China modernization of this theory. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has profoundly grasped the new changes in the main social contradictions in China, actively responded to the people’s new demands and expectations for democracy, and put forward a major concept of people’s democracy in the whole process. The Decision also emphasizes "perfecting the people’s democratic system in the whole process" from the perspective of further comprehensively deepening reforms, which is the latest theoretical expression and practical innovation requirement of China-era Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy.Pushing the regular understanding and creative practice of people’s democracy in the whole process to a new height has greatly enhanced our institutional confidence and confidence.

　　 　Inheritance and innovation of Chinese civilization in 5000 years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "in the historical evolution of thousands of years, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilizations and formed rich thoughts on state system and state governance". The concept of people’s democracy in the whole process is rooted in the vast land of China, sucking the cultural nutrients accumulated by the long struggle of the Chinese nation, and has a profound historical background. In the long history of more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has created brilliant political civilization, and its concept of co-governance under the heaven and its political wisdom of seeking common ground while reserving differences are deeply related to the people’s congress system and political consultation system initiated by our party. People-oriented thoughts, such as respecting heaven and protecting the people, supporting the people by government, valuing the country and despising the people, formed by Chinese ancestors, contain rich democratic factors and reflect the simple cognition and unremitting pursuit of democracy. The idea of people’s democracy in the whole process is the great product of "two combinations". From people-oriented to democracy, Marxism activated the democratic gene contained in China’s traditional political civilization with the light of truth, and integrated the essence of Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy with the essence of Chinese civilization’s political wisdom, and with the democratic idea that the people used everyday without realizing it, forming a democratic system rooted in the fertile soil of their own country and nation’s history and culture, and developing a modern form of brilliant political civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　 　The rich development of human political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There are many ways to realize democracy, and it is impossible to be uniform." Western democracy once played an important role in the history of human political civilization, but democracy is historical, developing and concrete, and no country can monopolize the right to speak and interpret democracy. Western democracy, due to its own insurmountable class and era limitations, causes people to be awakened only when they vote, and then go into hibernation. Only when they listen to hype slogans during the election, they have no right to speak after the election, and they are favored only when they canvass and left out after the election. This kind of democracy is not a real democracy in essence. In the whole process, people’s democracy does not copy western dogma. This democratic system has the characteristics of continuity in time, integrity in content, coordination in operation, and universality and continuity in people’s participation, which prevents the chronic diseases of making promises all over the sky during the election and leaving no one to ask after the election, overcomes the defects of "failure" and "inefficiency" in governance, such as "difficult to decide with votes" and "protracted indecision", and avoids the dilemma.Enriched and developed the form of human political civilization.

　　2 systematically grasp the reform requirements of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　Adhere to the leadership of the party. The "Decision" puts forward the idea of "adhering to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to law", and puts the party’s leadership in the first place in the whole process of developing people’s democracy. In a big country like China, it is not easy to truly express and realize the wishes of more than 1.4 billion people, and there must be strong and unified leadership. The leadership of the Party is the political premise, fundamental guarantee and greatest advantage of developing people’s democracy in the whole process. The whole process of people’s democracy is the inevitable result of the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic of our party’s long-term struggle in modern times. It is the crystallization of our party’s experience in continuously promoting China’s democratic theory innovation, system innovation and practice innovation, and it is the inevitable requirement of adhering to the party’s essential attributes and practicing the party’s fundamental purpose. To uphold the party’s leadership over the whole process of people’s democracy, we should give full play to the party’s leading core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, and ensure that the ideas, principles and policies of people’s democracy in the whole process are implemented in all aspects of national political life and social life; Adhere to the people as the center, follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, keep close contact with the people, and promote the continuous enrichment of the connotation, widening of channels and continuous improvement of efficiency of the people as masters of the country; Adhere to inner-party democracy, implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and promote and promote the development of people’s democracy in the whole process; Adhere to the rule of law, rule the country according to law, lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support the judiciary, take the lead in obeying the law, and ensure the effective implementation of the party’s policies and the people to be masters of the country through the rule of law.

　　 　Adhere to system integration. The "Decision" requires "enhancing the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "People’s democracy in the whole process of our country has realized the unity of process democracy and achievement democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people’s democracy and national will, which is a full-chain, all-round and full-coverage democracy and the most extensive, authentic and effective socialist democracy." The "four unifications", "three integrals" and "three maxims" are closely related and deeply coupled, which fully demonstrates the systematicness of people’s democracy in the whole process from the aspects of institutional arrangement, democratic practice and measurement scale. We should firmly grasp the scientific method of "adhering to the concept of system", adhere to system integration and strengthen top-level design. In terms of institutional arrangements, a comprehensive, extensive and organically connected system of people being the masters of the country will be formed, and diverse, smooth and orderly democratic channels will be built; In democratic practice, we should combine electoral democracy with deliberative democracy, and connect democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision; On the yardstick of measurement, the people enjoy extensive rights, the people’s democratic participation is constantly expanding, the state governance is efficient, the society is harmonious and stable, and the use of power is effectively restricted and supervised, so that the people can enjoy extensive, full, true, concrete and effective democracy. Anyway,Promote the people’s democratic construction in the whole process with systematic and integrated reform, give play to institutional advantages, and show institutional self-confidence.

　　 　Adhere to integrity and innovation. The "Decision" puts forward the major principles of "six persistences" to further comprehensively deepen reform, one of which is "persisting in integrity and innovation". In the whole process of people’s democracy, we must adhere to the principle of upholding integrity and innovation. First of all, we must adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s steadfastness, keep the integrity of the road, theory, system and culture of people’s democracy in the whole process, and unswervingly follow the path of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. On this basis, keep up with the pace of the times, conform to the development of practice, highlight the problem orientation, and promote innovation in all aspects at a new starting point. Promote theoretical innovation, develop Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy with a more positive historical responsibility and creative spirit, and form a theory that people love, agree with and own; Promote practical innovation, enrich democratic forms at all levels in the fiery grassroots life, and explore and create democratic practices full of "fireworks"; Promote system innovation, take system construction as the main line, break the system simultaneously, break it first, build a fundamental political system, improve the basic political system, and innovate important political systems; Promote cultural innovation, widely publicize the essence and essence of people’s democracy in the whole process, vigorously carry forward the excellent political culture of the Chinese nation, such as serving the public, being inclusive, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and actively cultivate a deliberative democratic culture, so that democratic concepts can be deeply integrated into people’s daily work and production life, and the tree of democracy can take root.

　　3 comprehensively consolidate the social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　A solid material foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the political system of a country depends on its economic and social foundation". We should focus on adhering to and improving the basic economic system and building a high-level socialist market economic system, focusing on the reform of relevant systems and mechanisms proposed in the Decision, promoting the adaptation of production relations to productivity and superstructure to the economic base, promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development, and making the economic base and material guarantee of people’s democracy in the whole process more solid. "Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve." To consolidate the material foundation of people’s democracy in the whole process, we must pay close attention to the interests of the people. Grasping the pain points and difficulties in the fields of people’s livelihood, such as medical care, education, environment, old-age care, social security and grass-roots governance, we will solve the urgent and anxious people’s livelihood problems in a democratic way through innovative systems such as representative houses, representative liaison stations and grass-roots legislative contact points, innovative ways such as proposals, meetings, discussions, demonstrations, hearings, evaluations and consultations, and innovative means such as 5G and the Internet.

　　 　Improve the system guarantee. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Both history and reality show that a stable system leads to a stable country, and a strong system leads to a strong country." We should attach great importance to the important role of the system, implement the important deployment of the "Decision" on the whole process of people’s democracy-related system construction, and provide systematic and holistic system and rule of law guarantee for it. On the one hand, improve the people’s democratic system in the whole process. Focusing on strengthening the construction of the system of people being masters of the country, improving the mechanism of deliberative democracy, improving the grass-roots democratic system and improving the work pattern of the great United front, we will promote the more sound system of people being masters of the country and the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy, and further improve the institutionalized, standardized and procedural level of people’s democracy in the whole process. On the other hand, improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Democracy" is essentially related to "rule of law", which is an important symbol of human political civilization. We should focus on deepening the reform in the legislative field, deepening administration according to law, improving the judicial system and mechanism of fair law enforcement, improving the mechanism of promoting the construction of a society ruled by law, and strengthening the construction of foreign-related rule of law, and promote the reform in all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding, carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, promote the improvement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s rule of law system, reach a higher level in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and firmly promote the high-quality development of people’s democracy in the whole process on the rule of law.

　　 　Gather spiritual strength. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people". To fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people, its essence is to give full play to the spiritual strength of China people, and its core is to implement the "respect for the people’s dominant position and initiative" proposed in the Decision. This is determined by the nature and fundamental purpose of our party, which answers the historical materialism foundation, fundamental purpose and success "password" of people’s democracy in the whole process of development. Respect for people’s dominant position and initiative should be based on people’s grassroots democratic practices from "small courtyard chamber" to "bench democracy", from offline "round table meeting" to online "deliberation group", respect for people’s pioneers in pursuing democracy, developing democracy and realizing democracy expressed in grassroots democratic practices, respect for people’s new experience in the whole process of people’s democracy creation, and respect for people’s wishes as subjects of people’s democratic practice, interests and cognition in the whole process. Deeply understand and give full play to the key role of the people, enhance democratic awareness, enhance democratic ability, develop democratic habits, and participate in the most extensive and vivid democratic practice. On this basis, the party’s ideas, the will of the state and the will of the people will be closely integrated, and the good experiences and good practices of grassroots democratic practice will be upgraded to regular understanding.Turn it into the principles and policies of the party and the state, and further guide and promote the great practice of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　 　(Author: Wang Weiguo, executive dean and professor of Marxism College of China Academy of Social Sciences, special researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of New Era, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences)

[Explanation]

　　Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is a new technical science to study and develop theories, methods, technologies and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new intelligent machine that can respond in a similar way to human intelligence. The research in this field includes robot, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and expert system.

[argument]

　　2016 is the 60th anniversary of the concept of artificial intelligence. For artificial intelligence, Dr. Stephen Hawking commented: "The real artificial intelligence technology will be the greatest invention in human history."

　　At the beginning of March, 2016, after seven days of fierce fighting, Google’s "AlphaGo" beat South Korea’s Jiuduan Li Shishi in the Man-Machine Go Competition, which showed the rapid progress and powerful strength of contemporary artificial intelligence and shocked the hearts of countless people.

　　At the same time, the artificial intelligence products of other giants are constantly showing their edge. In April 2016, Xiao Ai, an artificial intelligence program in Alibaba Cloud, successfully predicted the top three in the fourth season finals of "I am a singer" and successfully predicted that CoCo Lee won the championship in the final showdown; Microsoft’s artificial intelligence system has realized "telling stories by looking at pictures"; Baidu’s "Baidu Brain" has reached the intelligence level of a 4-year-old child. Baidu unmanned vehicles have been tried out on the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing with complicated road conditions, and their emergency performance is better than that of drivers. The secret robot has settled in the KFC concept store in Hongqiao, Shanghai, ordering food directly for guests, and so on.

　　It seems that it will take a long time for these artificial intelligence to be popularized on a large scale. In fact, with the combination of artificial intelligence with emerging industries such as big data, Internet of Things, robotics, biomedicine and virtual reality, it will be faster and faster for other industries and even social and economic seepage velocity.

　　At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gestating. From the third world internet conference held in November, 2016, the innovation of Internet technology in the world is becoming more and more competitive in cutting-edge technology. As the "wind vane" of the Internet industry, the innovation of cutting-edge technology almost determines the development height of the whole Internet.

　　In October 2016, Obama hosted the White House Frontier Summit and looked forward to the development of the United States in the next 50 years. At the summit, the White House released the report "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan", aiming at using the full potential of the artificial intelligence plan to strengthen the economy and improve society. Not only that, the European Commission also announced that the "Human Brain Engineering Project" was selected as the EU’s "Future Emerging Flagship Technology Project".

　　China’s emphasis on artificial intelligence and its support are also increasing. The "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action" issued in July 2015 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to focus on developing the application of artificial intelligence in the fields of home, terminal, automobile and robot; In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", artificial intelligence was promoted to a national strategy; In May 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Three-year Action of Artificial Intelligence in internet plus" … Undoubtedly, the development and leap of artificial intelligence technology in the future will greatly change the world and people’s lifestyle.

　　The telegraph took 20 years from invention to popularization; The telephone took less than 10 years from invention to popularization; At present, the research, development and promotion of computer software often take less than a few months. In early January 2017, after the upgraded version of AlphaGo, the "mysterious chess player" Master swept the human Go master with a record of 60 wins, 0 losses and 1 draw, the artificial intelligence Baidu brain narrowly beat the "world memory master". While the Internet entered the second half, a new scene was unveiled in 2017, and artificial intelligence was exciting and full of infinite possibilities.

Notes

　　At present, a wave of artificial intelligence sweeping the world is coming. No matter startups, universities and scientific research institutions in Silicon Valley, or the world’s technology giants Google, Microsoft and Baidu, they have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the field of artificial intelligence and started to conduct forward-looking research.

　　AlphaGo beats Li Shishi.

　　On March 15th, 2016, the fifth match between Google’s artificial intelligence Go software AlphaGo and South Korean star Li Shishi ended, and AlphaGo beat Li Shishi with a total score of 4:1. From March 9 to 15, AlphaGo and Li Shishi fought a total of five games. In the first three games, AlphaGo won a big victory. In the fourth game, Li Shishi reversed the defeat, but in the fifth game, Li Shishi lost again.

　　As a long-standing chess game of the Chinese nation, Go has always been recognized by the industry as a highland that cannot be conquered by a computer. Looking back at this eye-catching man-machine war in the world, its significance has gone far beyond Go. People are keen to talk about AlphaGo, more out of concern for artificial intelligence technology.

　　On March 12, 2016, The Economist published an article entitled "Artificial Intelligence and Go", pointing out that unlike the chess played by Deep Blue in 1997, Go played by AlphaGo is more complicated, and there are more possibilities after each step. But the algorithm behind AlphaGo has already shown its advantages in the competition. Through deep learning, it has been able to simulate human playing chess, has "intuition" and can give the best strategy choice for the next step. Deep learning is an indispensable part of general artificial intelligence in the future. At present, many companies have invested money and energy in this field. In the future, we can expect the application of deep learning in face recognition, speech recognition and even medical field.

　　Baidu brain narrowly beats "world memory master"

　　On the evening of January 6th, 2017, super brain, the fourth season broadcast by Jiangsu Satellite TV, welcomed a special player-Baidu sent an artificial intelligence robot "Xiaodi" equipped with Baidu brain to challenge super brain’s Hall of Fame player. After two hours of competition, Xiaodi beat Wang Feng, the representative of human super brain, 3-2 by virtue of its deep accumulation in the fields of artificial intelligence and face recognition.

　　Behind the "smallness" of Baidu’s brain are trillions of parameters, hundreds of billions of samples and hundreds of billions of feature training, which can simulate the working mechanism of the human brain and learn and train extremely complicated models.

　　Earlier, Robin Li, chairman and CEO of Baidu, also said in the trailer of the fourth season of super brain that if super brain is the representative of human brain limit, then Baidu brain is the representative of high level of artificial intelligence. Regardless of winning or losing, it will make a breakthrough contribution to the technological development of artificial intelligence.

　　At the 3rd world internet conference, the most noticeable event was the release of the world’s leading scientific and technological achievements on the Internet, with 15 high-tech research achievements. Baidu Brain was the only comprehensive artificial intelligence technology selected in China. "Artificial intelligence is the next scene of the mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence will be the core of Baidu’s core. Specifically, artificial intelligence means Baidu’s brain to Baidu." Li Yanhong said.

　　At present, Baidu has published more than 1,500 invention patents in artificial intelligence-related fields such as speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, unmanned driving, machine learning and deep learning, which have been widely used in unmanned vehicles, voice search and even O2O.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "It is necessary to improve the management system of various state-owned assets, reform the authorized management system of state-owned capital, speed up the layout optimization, structural adjustment and strategic reorganization of the state-owned economy, promote the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets, and promote the state-owned capital to become stronger and better, so as to effectively prevent the loss of state-owned assets." Correctly understanding the relationship between "state-owned enterprises become stronger, better and bigger" and "state-owned capital become stronger, better and bigger", and organically unifying and connecting them in theory and practical work, is related to truly realizing the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform of "adhering to and improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and continuously promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity".

　　First, the state-owned economy is inseparable from the basic carrier of state-owned enterprises.

　　China’s constitution stipulates: "In the primary stage of socialism, the state adheres to the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together." "The state-owned economy, that is, the socialist economy under ownership by the whole people, is the leading force in the national economy. The state guarantees the consolidation and development of the state-owned economy. " A "subject" and a "people" show that there are fundamental differences in the nature of the basic economic system between socialist countries and capitalist countries, and also show that there are fundamental differences in the nature of socialist state-owned economy and capitalist state-owned economy. Deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises can only strengthen but never shake and weaken the socialist state-owned economy owned by the whole people.

　　In recent years, some economists like to use the "property right theory" as the basis for reform. In fact, the essence of "property right" is ownership. The ownership relationship has a development process, and the complete concept of ownership itself contains a series of rights such as possession, control, use, disposal and benefit. Among them, who owns the means of production is an extremely important issue. No matter what society, possession of the means of production is the premise of production. Whoever owns the means of production will be able to produce, thus being able to dominate production and its results; Whoever doesn’t possess the means of production can’t produce, so it’s impossible to dominate production and its results. However, if we only understand and position the economic nature of ownership by the whole people from the perspective of property rights in the sense of legal rights, that is, ownership relations, it will deviate from the basic principles and methods of Marxist political economy.

　　Marx believes that ownership is not a simple right relationship between people in the sense of legal rights, or the right of who owns the means of production, but an economic relationship between the owner (occupier) of the means of production and the workers who use the means of production in the production process. He stressed that ownership cannot be separated from the real economic relationship. "In every historical era, ownership has developed in various ways and under completely different social relations. Therefore, defining the ownership of the bourgeoisie is nothing more than describing all the social relations produced by the bourgeoisie. " "To define ownership as an independent relationship, a special category and an abstract and eternal concept can only be a metaphysical or legal fantasy." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1995, pp. 177— Page 178) In human history, ownership and ownership are not simply corresponding, and the same form of ownership can exist on different ownership bases. For example, the form of state ownership has long existed on the basis of different private ownership in slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, as well as on the basis of public ownership in socialist countries, and its nature is completely different. In essence, ownership is a social way of combining workers with means of production, and it is the relationship between the owners of means of production and the workers who use them. Historically,The common ground of all the exploiting class ownership lies in the separation of the owners (occupiers) of the means of production from the laborers. The sign that can distinguish different private ownership is not whether the means of production are owned by slave owners, feudal owners or capitalists, but the way in which workers directly become the owners of means of production and are deprived of surplus labor, that is, slave ownership; Or by virtue of the dependence of workers on the owners of means of production, the two were combined and deprived of surplus labor, that is, feudal ownership; Or through the sale of personal freedom of hired labor, and the exchange of capital to combine the two and be exploited of surplus value, that is, capitalist ownership. Socialist public ownership is a kind of ownership based on the laborers’ own labor rather than the labor of others, which is United within a certain range (collective or the whole people). The laborers are directly combined with the means of production jointly owned by themselves and finally share the fruits, which embodies the equal economic relationship in which the laborers are the masters of the country.

　　This shows that the existence and development of the socialist economy under ownership by the whole people cannot be separated from the state-owned enterprises with the nature of ownership by the whole people. Enterprise is the most basic carrier of the combination of workers and means of production, and it is the cell that constitutes a certain ownership economic relationship. Without the support of state-owned enterprises owned by the whole people, there would be no direct combination of workers and means of production, and there would be no real socialist state-owned economy owned by the whole people.

　　Second, "making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger" is an inevitable requirement for adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed the need to "confidently" and "unswervingly" make "state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger". This is inseparable from his understanding of the important position and role of China’s state-owned enterprises from the strategic height of highly unified economy and politics in the new era. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once pointed out that China’s state-owned enterprises are an important pillar of the national economy, and also play a pillar role in the economic foundation of our party’s governance and China’s socialist state power, and must be done well. The role of "pillar", in definition, has not only qualitative connotation, but also quantitative requirements; In localization, it not only refers to the economic field, but also rises to the political field. He once used the word "Ming Men" in an instruction to describe the extreme importance of state-owned enterprises to our party and country. Those who are destined for life are the foundation of life. State-owned enterprises are the lifeblood of the socialist national economy, the lifeblood of the socialist regime, and the fate of our party, country and people. He also profoundly pointed out: Some people in the West are targeting at our state-owned enterprises and discrediting them, saying that they want "fair competition". In fact, drunkenness is not for the sake of wine, but for bringing down the important material and political foundation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and China’s socialist regime. We can’t be fooled! Here, "important material foundation and political foundation"The dual "basic" orientation of "Ming Men" is the best interpretation of the meaning of "Ming Men".

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches importance to state-owned enterprises, which is also linked with the importance of the national real economy. He repeatedly stressed that "the country’s strength depends on the real economy and cannot be bubbled." "The real economy is the capital of the country". "We must send a clear message to the whole society: do a good job in the economy, do a good job in enterprises, do a good job in state-owned enterprises, and grasp the real economy." At the National Conference on Party Building in State-owned Enterprises, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the new orientation and new requirements of making state-owned enterprises "a relying force and five important forces". Among them, "the most reliable reliance of the party and the country" ties the political and economic destiny of the party and the country in the new era to the state-owned enterprises, and the responsibility is irreplaceable! From the following five aspects: implementing the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, implementing the new development concept and comprehensively deepening reforms, implementing major strategies such as "going out" and "Belt and Road", strengthening comprehensive national strength, promoting economic and social development, ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, and winning the victory of the great struggle with many new historical characteristics, the party is the concrete development of "relying on strength" and reflects the major strategic mission requirements of state-owned enterprises in the new era. This shows that under the complicated new struggle background at home and abroad,To lead the people to complete the great historical leap in the new era, realize the strategic goal of strengthening the country and enriching the people, and make Socialism with Chinese characteristics invincible in the world, the key is to rely on state-owned enterprises to play a good role as a pillar.

　　Now there is a seemingly authoritative statement that all central enterprises should adopt "mixed reform" and implement "company system", thus changing the nature of the few remaining "state-owned enterprises". This is a conceptual confusion. Ownership by the whole people and company system are two completely different concepts, one is about the nature of ownership, and the other is about the form of enterprise organization. Corresponding to ownership by the whole people is collective ownership or private capital ownership. Corresponding to the company system, it is the traditional factory system. According to the Marxist viewpoint, the joint-stock company is a transitional form from the capitalist mode of production to the joint mode of production, but it is passively sublated in the capitalist enterprises and actively sublated in the workers’ "cooperative factories". Therefore, socialism can be fully utilized. Joint-stock companies are not equal to privatization. The key depends on who holds the shares, who will serve them and enlarge their capital functions. For corporate enterprises with diversified stock rights, the economic relationship, that is, the nature of ownership, is different because of the different ways of combining the controlling rights and the means of production. Generally speaking, if a state-owned enterprise is established as a state-owned holding company through "mixed reform", it can realize the core leadership of the enterprise by communist party on behalf of the people and ensure the direct combination of workers and the means of production shared by the whole people.Make the enterprise become a joint-stock company that enlarges the function of state-owned capital and still has the nature of ownership by the whole people; If the company is established by private capital or foreign capital holding company, it is far from communist party’s core leadership of the enterprise, and the combination of workers and means of production can only be realized by the exchange of hired labor and capital, so that the enterprise can become a joint-stock company with private ownership that magnifies the functions of private capital or foreign capital. Therefore, in the socialist market economy, whether it is a wholly state-owned company, a wholly state-owned company, or a joint-stock company or a listed company controlled by state-owned, it is still a state-owned enterprise with the obvious nature of socialist ownership by the whole people. If the socialist enterprises owned by the whole people are cancelled in the name of company system, wouldn’t that mean that the socialist state-owned enterprises in China, which are fundamentally different from those in western countries, will be wiped out, and then the state-owned economy with the nature of socialist ownership by the whole people in China will be wiped out fundamentally? !

　　Third, "making state-owned capital stronger, better and bigger" is based on the macro-level requirement of "making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger"

　　"Promoting the state-owned capital to be stronger, better and bigger" put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a state-owned assets reform goal linked with the trinity of "promoting the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets" and "effectively preventing the loss of state-owned assets", which does not mean giving up the state-owned enterprise reform of "unswervingly making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger". It should be said that "state-owned capital is stronger, better and bigger" and "state-owned enterprises are stronger, better and bigger" are the two goals of the organic connection of the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and the overall goal is to develop and strengthen Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s state-owned economy. "State-owned enterprises become stronger, better and bigger" is the foundation of developing and strengthening the state-owned economy, and "State-owned capital becomes stronger, better and bigger" is the macro-level embodiment of this foundation. From the connection between the two, the state-owned capital itself is the unity of physical form and value form, and the physical form is the state-owned assets used for the production and operation of enterprises, which is carried by the state-owned enterprises as the "material basis" of Socialism with Chinese characteristics;Its value form is the state-owned funds that reflect the economic relations of socialist ownership by the whole people, and it can not be reflected without the state-owned enterprises as the "political foundation" of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Without the foundation of state-owned enterprises, there would be no real state-owned capital; Without the state-owned enterprises "becoming stronger, better and bigger", it is impossible to have the state-owned capital "becoming stronger, better and bigger".

　　However, as the goal of perfecting the state-owned assets management system, reforming the authorized management system of state-owned capital and optimizing the layout of state-owned economy, "making state-owned capital stronger, better and bigger" has a more macro, overall and strategic significance than individual state-owned enterprises. That is to say, no matter how the state-owned assets management and operation system are changed and how the state-owned assets are reorganized, the goal of stronger, better quality and larger scale of state-owned capital as a whole must be achieved. This is the requirement of realizing the national economic development strategy, and it is also the inevitable requirement of the production and operation of state-owned enterprises to have a macro reflection on the overall operation of state-owned capital. Therefore, in addition to a series of inspection indicators to measure whether the state-owned enterprises themselves are stronger, better and bigger, a series of inspection standards are also needed to measure whether the state-owned capital is stronger, better and bigger as a whole.

　　From the perspective of state-owned assets reform, the indicators to measure the strength, Excellence and enlargement of state-owned capital should generally include four levels: First, the indicators of state-owned assets supervision. These are two constraints associated with the operation of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, that is, the reform of state-owned assets should serve the reform of state-owned enterprises, ensure that it can "promote the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets" and "effectively prevent the loss of state-owned assets." We should not devalue the stock of state-owned assets of enterprises in the reform, but create new value increment on the basis of the stock with the fixed value of capital; At the same time, the loss of state-owned assets by various forms of interest cannot occur in the reform, which is the bottom line requirement. The second is the scale benefit index of state-owned capital. It is through the reform that, on the one hand, the absolute amount of state-owned capital is significantly increased compared with that before the reform according to the established constant value rather than inflated value; On the other hand, the economic and social benefits brought by state-owned capital, including capital gains, fiscal profits and taxes, scientific and technological innovation contributions, have also been significantly improved compared with those before the reform. The third is the quality index of state-owned capital structure. First of all, the proportion of state-owned capital in the total social capital should be significantly higher than before the reform, which shows that in the overall structure of social capital, the relative strength of state-owned capital is stronger and it can better play a pillar and leading role; Secondly,It also includes the proportion of state-owned capital in the total capital of advanced industries, high-quality industries and key areas of society and its effect indicators, which should be significantly improved than before the reform, which reflects the improvement of the quality level of state-owned capital and the strengthening of its leading role in the national economy. The fourth is the function amplification index of state-owned capital. The result of "mixed reform" should be to enlarge the function of state-owned capital and strengthen its control and influence in the property right structure. This depends on whether the scale of social capital that state-owned capital can control (that is, effectively control) and its proportion in the total social capital are significantly higher than before the reform; It also includes whether the scale of social capital that state-owned capital can control (that is, effectively control) in advanced industries and high-quality industries, and its proportion in the total social capital of these industries and industries have been significantly improved compared with before the reform. Only in this way can we prove that state-owned capital is indeed stronger, better and bigger, and the reform will be convincing.

　　(Author: Executive Vice President and Senior Research Fellow of Kunlun Policy Research Institute, Special Research Fellow of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council)

Special topic: picture channel

Luan Jujie expressed his heartfelt thanks to the people of the motherland with a picture of "Good Motherland". Photo courtesy of CFP

　　On August 3rd, 1984, Luan Jujie won the gold medal in women’s foil individual competition in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games, becoming the first Asian to win the gold medal in Olympic fencing. The picture shows Luan Jujie trying his sword before the final. (data picture)

　　Twenty-four years ago, in Los Angeles, where Xu Haifeng won the first Olympic gold medal for the China delegation, 26-year-old Luan Jujie became the first female swordsman in China history, which is the only Olympic gold medal in China fencing history so far.

　　Luan Jujie, who has been away from the competition for 20 years, participated in the women’s foil individual competition as an athlete on behalf of the Canadian team today. Although she stopped at the top 32, she moved everyone present with her actions. A picture of "The motherland is good" expressed her deep gratitude, and she cried all the people who interviewed her for her love for her daughter with congenital heart disease.

　　Special correspondent for this topic Min Yang, Beijing, August 11th.

　　Luan Jujie’s competition was held at 11: 00 a.m., dressed in a snow-white sword suit, wearing a mighty shield and holding a shining sword. The 50-year-old female swordsman had just appeared, and the cheerleaders in the stands had already flashed the words of refueling.

　　The traces left by the years on Luan Jujie are only reflected in her slightly chubby figure, and the changeable movements in her hands and the flexible pace of movement seem to make people see the dashing and heroic spirit of her eyebrows and swords drawn out at the Olympic Games 24 years ago.

　　In the face of Tunisia’s rival Bubeck, who won the African championship, Luan Jujie patiently responded, "I have been telling myself to be calm. I know that she is less than 20 years old and has been practicing sword in France, but she doesn’t even say hello every time she meets me."

　　What the opponent lacked was the basic demeanor of the swordsman. Luan Jujie seized this psychological weakness and won 13-9 and became one of the top 32. In the eyes of her husband and three children who came to cheer on the scene, Luan Jujie should be the best.

　　Hand-made "Good Motherland" banner before departure.

　　Luan Jujie, who successfully advanced, didn’t leave the stadium immediately. She slowly took out a red and yellow banner from her backpack with the words "Good motherland" written on it. The banner is so big that Luan Jujie’s upper body is almost covered in order to hold it high. After showing a circle, she left with satisfaction. Many spectators at the scene were moved to tears after seeing the banner, and their applause for Luan Jujie became more and more enthusiastic.

　　Although she lost to the Hungarian opponent in the 1/16th final at noon, Luan Jujie won the respect of the audience. All the media waiting at the scene rushed to interview her. Seeing that the reporters in the mixed interview area had stood three floors away, the leader of the Canadian fencing team decided to borrow a press conference hall.

　　Luan Jujie brought her husband, Gu Da, to the press conference. Whenever a Canadian reporter asks questions, she answers them in fluent English. If a reporter from China asks questions, she answers them in Chinese. What everyone is most curious about is how she thought of showing this "good motherland". It turned out that this banner was made by her own hands, and she made it well before departure, ready to show it to the world at the opening ceremony.

　　"Originally, I was one of the four candidate flag bearers of the Canadian delegation, but I didn’t choose it later, but the regimental headquarters said I could stand in the first row and enter. I was going to open this banner at the opening ceremony, but later, the regimental headquarters stipulated that all members should not display any slogans during the admission process, otherwise they would be expelled. I think I have made such great efforts to participate in the Olympic Games and I can’t be expelled like this. " Luan Jujie later brought the banner to the opening ceremony, but she didn’t take it out until the whole delegation entered the prescribed area. "The banner was too big, covering my face. It was lifted by people from our regiment and I took a photo."

　　Luan Jujie set another time to show "the motherland is good" after today’s first appearance. "I dedicated my youth to the country. It was the party and the country that trained me. If I didn’t go abroad, I might not feel how happy I am as an athlete in China." Luan Jujie said that it was the wandering overseas for more than 20 years that made her fully feel how superior the conditions for representing China in the competition were. "I printed this banner just to thank my motherland for training me and let me practice such a good technology. I want to use the stage of the Beijing Olympic Games to express my heartfelt thanks to the people of the motherland."

　　Open fencing school in Shanghai after the Olympic Games.

　　Luan Jujie believes that it is not important which country she represents. What is important is to show the Olympic spirit. "I have made up my mind. After playing the first game, I will take this opportunity to thank all the audience regardless of winning or losing. I have already earned it."

　　Luan Jujie knew that there were many spectators cheering for him today. "I feel that what they care about is not my winning or losing, but encouraging me:’ You are so old, you must hold on.’ What I want to show is that I am still young, and I don’t look like 50 years old. "

　　Luan Jujie prepared for the Beijing Olympic Games for 15 months, and even took part in nearly 10 points races with his own pocket, which cost nearly 100,000 RMB. "If the Olympic Games were not held in Beijing, I would never take part. After all, I have retired for 20 years. My starting point is that the motherland sent a team to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time, and I participated. This is the first time that the motherland has hosted the Olympic Games. I also want to show young people that the reason why I can stand in the Olympic Games is accumulated through years of hard training. "

　　Luan Jujie intends to open a fencing school in Shanghai after the Beijing Olympic Games to contribute to the development of fencing in China. "I was in China for more than 20 years before, and I was in Canada for more than 20 years after. It is estimated that I will be half in China and half in Canada in the next 20 or 30 years."

　　Stay in a foreign country for my daughter.

　　When Luan Jujie explained why she flashed a banner, many reporters were red-eyed. Then, when she talked about why she moved to Canada far away from her native land, she directly cried herself and all the reporters around her, because she mentioned her eldest daughter with congenital heart disease.

　　Luan Jujie has three children named Gu Mengjia, Gu Mengyuan and Gu Hongtao. Luan Jujie was 33 years old when she was pregnant with her eldest daughter. When she gave birth to her daughter by caesarean section, she was told that her child had congenital heart disease before she had time to experience the feeling of being a mother for the first time.

　　Originally, Luan Jujie went to Canada because her husband went abroad to do business. Her original intention was to learn French well so that she could be a referee in the future. "Because I was misjudged by the referee when I was competing, I felt that China could not be without people in the International Sword Federation. I wanted to learn a foreign language well and then seek development in it."

　　The eldest daughter had 10 operations to replace the pacemaker.

　　Unexpectedly, her daughter’s illness forced her to choose to live in Canada for a long time. "This happened to the boss, and he began to put in a pacemaker at the age of two. Later, the operation to replace the pacemaker was done 10 times. I sent her to the operating room repeatedly. It can be said that not many parents came like us, but it was really difficult …" At some point, Luan Jujie began to choke.

　　At that time, she insisted on carrying her eldest daughter home, although the doctor predicted that her life would not exceed 6 years old. But now, her eldest daughter is 16 years old. "After so much experience, I feel that nothing is more important than life. The medical conditions in Canada are more suitable for her, so we stayed."

　　In order to take care of her daughter, Luan Jujie’s family has become a "woman in charge and man in charge". Her husband takes care of the children at home, and she works hard outside.

　　In Canadian fencing, Luan Jujie is a famous figure, and more than 60% of the medals are won by her disciples every year. She is rated as an excellent coach by the Canadian Fencing Association every year. The "Luan Jujie Fencing Open" is also held permanently in Canada as an annual event. "Today, when I return to my motherland, I want people to know that I have not humiliated Chinese. I have been recognized in Canada, and I am Chinese wherever I am."

　　Today, all three children in Luan Jujie went to the scene to cheer for their mother, and the second daughter also attended the press conference. Everyone just didn’t realize that the pretty girl around him was Luan Jujie’s second daughter.

Editor: Wang Jiaolong

    On April 18th, Huawei Pura 70 series new mobile phones were put on sale, and the online mall was sold out in one minute. The reporter saw in Huawei’s offline stores that there were long queues of experience and purchase customers.

    This new machine is made of Xuanwu toughened Kunlun glass, equipped with new HarmonyOS 4.2, and equipped with dual satellite communication of Beidou satellite and Tiantong satellite, which supports sending picture messages. It can capture the ultra-high-speed motion moment of 300 km/h, the ultra-high-speed wind and flash, and the high-speed rail can be clearly photographed.

    Reporter: Bai Yu, Li Sijia

    Produced by Audio and Video Department of Xinhua News Agency

Online appointment registration makes it more convenient to see a doctor; Experts can consult remotely and enjoy quality medical services at home; Online payment and settlement of medical insurance, and continuous improvement of the comprehensive medical security service system …

With the development of information technology, "Internet+medical care" has released great potential, and new medical service models are constantly emerging, which is not only conducive to the rational use of medical resources, but also provides patients with a better medical experience.

At present, in order to coordinate the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation and meet the basic medical needs of the masses, the amount of consultation on Internet diagnosis and treatment has been further improved. Internet medical care has broken the time and space restrictions, not only played an important role in epidemic prevention and control, but also enabled other patients to receive medical support in time during the epidemic prevention and control. During this period, how can all localities optimize the Internet medical service model? How to expand the online medical service space? What new medical experience has Internet medical care brought?

Data sources: National Health Commission, National Telemedicine Center, Lilac Doctor Data Research Institute, Analysys Consulting and Zhiyan Consulting.

Optimization process of appointment visit

Online booking time is more accurate, and there is no need to sign in twice after arriving at the hospital.

"You need a minor operation, but before the operation, you must first look at the problem of premature heart beats." After listening to the diagnosis given by the gynecologist of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Ms. Chen, who lives in xing lin cun, jimei district, Xiamen, quickly took out her mobile phone and made an appointment for the number of Cardiovascular Department next Wednesday through "Beautiful Xiamen Wisdom and Health" WeChat WeChat official account.

Enter WeChat WeChat official account, click on the hospital appointment module, select the hospital, outpatient department, experts, and time of visit in turn, and submit the confirmation … In a word, Ms. Chen has completed all the procedures of online appointment and registration.

"It’s really convenient to see a doctor now! After the online appointment is successful, show the gossip health code, and after entering the hospital through temperature measurement, you can sit directly in front of the clinic and wait for the call. " Convenient, fast, smooth and comfortable, it has now become a medical experience for Xiamen citizens.

In order to solve the problem of registration, improve the medical environment and enhance the medical experience of citizens, Xiamen began to build an appointment system in 2009 to support citizens to make appointments by telephone, website and hospital self-service machines. "With the development of information technology, citizens’ demand for multi-channel, efficient and convenient reservation platforms is also rising." Ye Lishan, director of Xiamen Health and Medical Big Data Center, introduced that since 2014, Xiamen has built and launched a unified outpatient appointment platform in the city, and launched a number of online appointment channels such as WeChat WeChat official account and APP while realizing the unified management of hospital appointment sources in the city.

In addition to building more yuan and more convenient online booking platform, Xiamen has also continuously optimized and reformed the treatment process of various hospitals. Ye Wei introduced, "We will make the online appointment time accurate to minutes. Patients can make an online appointment for the hospital number source, and after arriving at the hospital, they can wait for the call directly according to the appointment time, without having to make a second sign-in."

According to statistics, up to now, the online booking platforms for outpatient clinics in Xiamen have served more than 57.95 million people. Among them, since the beginning of this year, 2.3 million people have achieved medical treatment through online appointments.

Remote consultation is efficient and convenient.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of lung CT images by AR technology.

Frontline doctors collect cases, upload image data in real time, and MDT multidisciplinary experts consult to determine the best treatment plan … Recently, the 5G Smart Medical Innovation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University conducted a remote consultation with a COVID-19 patient in Yunnan Infectious Diseases Hospital through the technology of "internet plus Smart Medical".

Tao Bo, deputy director of the outpatient office of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, introduced that during the remote consultation, many lung CT images were captured from the Internet Cloud Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and the three-dimensional reconstruction was completed by AR technology. "Experts only need to wear AR glasses, so that the two-dimensional picture can be three-dimensional, and the organ, lesion shape and fine structure can be presented in 360-degree HD, and patients can get accurate and personalized diagnosis and treatment."

In addition to AR technology, 5G technology is also applied in remote consultation. On January 29th, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and China Mobile Yunnan Company launched the online free diagnosis and treatment platform for pneumonia in novel coronavirus based on 5G network. More than 20 experts make online diagnosis and treatment every day, and make remote diagnosis for patients to avoid cluster infection caused by a large number of patients.

Shortly after the platform was launched, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University issued a smart diagnosis and treatment list for a critically ill patient in COVID-19. It was a 66-year-old patient who was transferred from the isolation treatment point to Baoshan People’s Hospital because of the sudden deterioration of his condition. After receiving the application for assistance from Baoshan People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University organized three remote multidisciplinary expert consultations within 24 hours, and successfully rescued the patient from the dying line.

Tao Bo introduced that Internet technology has provided support for the real realization of the Internet medical service mode of "primary examination, superior diagnosis, superior prescription and primary treatment" and the graded diagnosis and treatment mode of "primary diagnosis, two-way referral, rapid and slow division, and up-and-down linkage". "As long as there is a network, we can treat patients anytime and anywhere. For some areas with relatively weak medical standards, remote diagnosis and treatment has broken the time and space restrictions, allowing people to enjoy quality medical services at their doorstep. "

Fine management of online payment

Realization of "internet plus Medical Insurance" Payment Based on Face Recognition Technology

"It’s very convenient. You can pay for it and use medical insurance on your mobile phone, so you don’t have to wait in line at the hospital." Aunt Jing, a resident of Jinan City, Shandong Province, suffers from high blood pressure. It was inconvenient to go to the hospital to prescribe medicine and pay fees every month. Today, she can use her mobile phone to consult, buy medicine and pay in internet hospitals, eliminating the need to travel back and forth.

Aunt Jing is the beneficiary of Shandong Internet medical insurance big health service platform. In April this year, the platform was put into trial operation in Jinan, which realized the integration of online payment and settlement of medical insurance based on medical insurance electronic certificate and face recognition technology.

According to reports, on this platform, after the patient is authenticated by face recognition, the doctor can retrieve the patient’s electronic medical records for the past three months and prescribe online. In the future, the platform will build a comprehensive medical security service system of "internet plus medical insurance+medical care+medicine" to meet the diverse medical needs of disabled people, chronically ill patients, disadvantaged groups and 23 million elderly people in Shandong Province, such as online consultation, follow-up visit to buy medicines, continuation of chronic diseases, medical insurance payment and settlement, and home delivery of medicines.

Other regions are also actively exploring "internet plus Medical Insurance" payment. As early as 2018, Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province included Wuzhen Internet Hospital in the scope of designated medical institutions for basic medical insurance in the city. Insured patients in this city can use medical insurance for reimbursement when they see a doctor in this hospital. In February of this year, Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau issued a document to incorporate Internet medical services into the entity designated medical institutions it relies on to implement unified medical insurance agreement management. Since the beginning of this year, many designated medical insurance hospitals in Beijing have opened Internet diagnosis and treatment services, and insured patients can make online follow-up visits, prescribe medicines, and make online real-time medical insurance settlement.

In order to further promote the development of "Internet+medical care" and meet the diverse medical needs of the masses, in March this year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical Security System", demanding the establishment of an effective and efficient medical insurance payment mechanism, innovating the management of medical insurance agreements, and supporting the development of new service models such as "Internet+medical care".

"On the one hand, the payment of’ internet plus Medical Insurance’ solves the problem that people can’t use medical insurance for online medical treatment, on the other hand, it also enables emerging Internet hospitals to get medical insurance support, which is conducive to further developing online medical services." He Bin, a special researcher at the Center for Public Policy Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that some experience has been gained from exploration in various places, but the key to a stable and far-reaching "internet plus medical insurance" is to formulate a standardized charging method for Internet medical services, and do a fine management of medical insurance reimbursement to ensure that every medical insurance expenditure is implemented. (Reporter Shao Yuzi, Li Maoying, Shen Shaotie)

　　Cctv newsAccording to the Hydrological Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at 8: 00 on September 4th, there were still four rivers, namely, Qingwan River, Zhuer River, Yujiang River and Yichang River, which were tributaries of Nanliu River, exceeding the police by 0.26 ~ 1.46 meters.

　　Affected by the subsequent heavy rainfall of Typhoon Sura No.9, Nanliu River and its tributary Qingwan River rose again. It is estimated that the main stream of Nanliu River will continue to rise by 1-2 meters in the next 4-12 hours, in which the flood exceeding the warning level will be about 1.5 meters in the reach of Zhangmu Town (warning level 62.7 meters) in Fumin District of Nanliu River, about 0.8 meters in the reach of Bobai County (warning level 50.2 meters) and about 0.8 meters in the reach of Yulin City, a tributary of Qingwan River (warning level 74.6 meters).

　　The Hydrological Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to issue a blue flood warning at 8: 00 on September 4, reminding Yulin, Guigang, Wuzhou and other cities and the above-mentioned areas along the Yangtze River and the public to strengthen their prevention and avoid risks in time.