The three major indexes surged back in the afternoon. At the close, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 0.4%, the Shenzhen Component Index rose by 0.17%, the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose by 0.87%, and the turnover of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 948.7 billion yuan. More than 2,800 stocks in the two cities fell, and northbound funds bought a net of 273 million yuan throughout the day.

　　In terms of plate theme, antiviral fabric concept stocks led the gains all day, ursodeoxycholic acid concept stocks and COVID-19 treatment plate were among the top gainers, tourism and hotel stocks were active in the afternoon, and coal concept stocks fell all day. On the disk, anti-virus fabric concept stocks led the gains throughout the day, with (), (), () and other stocks trading daily; The concept stocks of ursodeoxycholic acid fermented today, and the word board of science and technology innovation board Xuantai Medicine () went up, and (), () and () rose in succession. In the news, on December 5, 2022, researchers from the University of Cambridge published a research paper entitled "FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ace 2" in the journal Nature. This study shows that a drug for treating liver diseases, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), can close the ACE2 receptor and the door for viruses to enter cells. This drug can be used to prevent COVID-19 infection. Because this drug is aimed at host cells rather than viruses, it may prevent future new variants of viruses and other coronaviruses that may appear. Coal concept stocks led the decline throughout the day, with (), () and () leading the decline, and only two stocks in the sector closed red.

　　Plate heat:

　　Straight flush hot stock list:

　　Transaction review:

　　At 09: 25, the three A-share indexes collectively opened lower, with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.24%, the Shenzhen Component Index down 0.29%, the Growth Enterprise Market Index down 0.45%, and hotel and tourism stocks leading the decline.

　　09:28 () opened 8.41% higher, and the company announced that it plans to acquire 60% equity of Jingying Optoelectronics for 960 million yuan, which will realize the layout of new energy photovoltaic industry.

　　At 09:29, the concept stocks and retail stocks of duty-free shops continued to be active, and (), () and () were linked, (), () and () opened higher in succession.

　　At 09:32, the chicken plate moved up, () and () both rose by more than 6%, and (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:36, the Chinese medicine sector started to decline, with (), () and () falling by more than 5%, and (), () and () all fell.

　　At 09:38, the airport shipping sector rose, () rose by more than 6%, and (), (), () and () followed suit.

　　At 09:40, the transaction of the logistics sector rose, () daily limit, () rose by more than 5%, and (), (), (), (), (), () and so on followed.

　　At 09:47, the real estate development sector continued to decline, and Shenfang A hit the daily limit again, () fell more than 7%, and (), (), (), () and () followed.

　　At 09:51, the Xinchuang plate bottomed out and rebounded. () The daily limit recorded five consecutive boards again, () and () touched the daily limit, and (), (), () and () followed.

　　0951 The Hang Seng Technology Index rose to 1%, and the Hang Seng Index is now up 0.25%.

　　At 09:55, the lithium battery sector rebounded and rose, with () and () daily limit, and (), (), (), () and () rose by more than 5%.

　　At 10: 01, PET copper foil concept stocks rose, () daily limit, () rose by more than 5%, (), (), Fangbang, (), (), Yuanchen Technology and so on followed up.

　　At 10:08, the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose to 1%, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 0.25%, and the Shenzhen Component Index rose by 0.33%.

　　10:09 () rose more than 3%, and the total market value returned to above one trillion yuan.

　　At 10:29, the Hang Seng Science and Technology Index rose to 2%, and Ali’s healthy and safe doctors rose by more than 10%.

　　At 10:34, the TCM and COVID-19 therapeutic sectors bottomed out, and Shanghai Kaibao rose by more than 10%, () daily limit, (), (), Guangshengtang, () and other stocks rose by more than 5%.

　　At 10:45, the Chinese prefix stock oscillated lower, () hit the daily limit, () fell nearly 6%, and (), (), (), (), () and so on fell more than 3%.

　　At 13:04, the scenic spots, tourism, hotels and restaurants rose in the afternoon, and (), (), (), (), (), (), () and so on surged.

　　At 13: 09, all three A-share indexes turned red. The Shanghai Composite Index rose in the afternoon and turned red. The Shenzhen Composite Index was 0.6%, and the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose over 1.3%.

　　At 13:12, the Hang Seng Technology Index rose more than 3% in the afternoon, and the Hang Seng Index is now up 1.25%.

　　At 13:15, the data confirmation plate bottomed out, and People’s Daily hit the daily limit. (), (), (), () and so on surged.

　　At 13:18, the pharmaceutical stocks rose across the board, and the anti-virus direction lifted the daily limit. Common Pharmaceutical, () and Xuantai Pharmaceutical had a daily limit of 20CM, and more than ten shares such as (), (), Guizhou Sanli and Xinhua Pharmaceutical were collectively closed, while many shares such as Shanghai Kaibao, Guangshengtang, () and Zhendong Pharmaceutical rose more than 10%.

　　At 13:20, the food processing and manufacturing sector continued to rise in the afternoon, with () daily limit, (), (), (), (), () and so on.

　　At 13:28, the scenic spots and tourism sectors rose and strengthened, with the daily limit of () and (). Emei Mountain A rose by more than 7%, followed by CYTS, Western Region Tourism, Zhongxin Tourism and Jiuhua Tourism.

　　At 13:30, FTSE China A50 index futures rose to 1%.

　　At 13:32, the trading in the securities sector rose, () rose by more than 6%, and (), (), (), () and () followed suit.

　　14:14 According to () iFinD data, up to now, the turnover of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets has exceeded 800 billion yuan, including 339 billion yuan in Shanghai stock market and 462 billion yuan in Shenzhen stock market.

　　News:

　　1. Both American oil and cloth oil fell by 4%.

　　After the EIA’s short-term energy outlook was released, both oil in the United States and Bulgaria continued to decline, falling by 4% in the day, and are now reported at 74.29 US dollars/barrel and 79.59 US dollars/barrel.

　　2. Apple’s car project ushered in a major change and gave up producing the first fully-automatic car.

　　According to people familiar with the matter, Apple has scaled back its ambitious self-driving car plan and delayed the target market date of the car by about one year to 2026. This car project, known as "Titan" within the company, has been in a state of suspense for the past few months, because Apple executives are trying to cope with the reality that under the current technical conditions, the vision of fully-automatic driving cars without steering wheels or pedals is not feasible. The company is currently planning that self-driving cars will include steering wheels and pedals, and only support the use of fully automatic driving functions on highways, which is a major shift in the project. This secret project has been going on for many years, aiming to provide Apple with another major channel to make money, but it may also test the ability limit of the iPhone manufacturer.

　　3. Ibuprofen production capacity is concerned. Many companies responded: production and operation are normal.

　　According to the Securities Daily, recently, the management policies for purchasing "four kinds of drugs", namely cough-relieving, antipyretic, antiviral and antibiotic drugs, have been adjusted in many places across the country, and the real-name registration link has been cancelled. In this context, the public snapped up ibuprofen, a common antipyretic and analgesic drug, which caused concern. The reporter searched for ibuprofen in National Medical Products Administration and found that there were 558 approval numbers, involving hundreds of manufacturing enterprises, including () and Unacon. The reporter also contacted the enterprise with the production approval by telephone to inquire about the production capacity and production situation. The relevant person in charge of Unacon said: "At present, the production and operation of ibuprofen are normal. The company’s ibuprofen involves tablets and granular dosage forms, and the annual production capacity adds up to about 1 billion tablets (bags). "

　　4. Securities Times: It is imperative to clean up the market due to the proliferation of illegal e-cigarettes.

　　The Securities Times article pointed out that the national standard e-cigarette has been implemented for two months, and the sales of legal e-cigarettes are bleak. One of the major reasons behind this is the proliferation of a large number of illegal e-cigarettes. Regulatory authorities should protect the interests of legal e-cigarette practitioners and crack down on illegal e-cigarettes. Illegal e-cigarette sales do not need to consider tax issues, and products without tax can easily drive tax-included products out of the market. Cosmetics are similar to cigarettes, a large part of the terminal price is consumption tax, and cosmetics without tax can be sold very cheaply, which is the main product of duty-free shops. Legal e-cigarette enterprises that lack competitiveness can only rely on the regulatory authorities to crack down on black e-cigarettes to gain a chance. Without the strong protection of regulators, black e-cigarettes will be popular, which is not conducive to protecting minors and consumers.

　　5. Beijing added 1,170 local confirmed cases and 2,804 local asymptomatic infected people yesterday.

　　According to Beijing Daily, from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 6, there were 1,170 locally confirmed cases and 2,804 asymptomatic infected persons in Beijing (including 36 asymptomatic infected persons transferred to confirmed cases, of which 1,431 cases were notified), no new suspected cases, 3,738 isolated observers and 200 social screening personnel; 14 confirmed cases imported from abroad and 3 asymptomatic infected persons were added, and no suspected cases were added. 707 cases were cured and discharged, and 2434 cases of asymptomatic infection were released from medical observation.

　　6. The Supreme Leader will attend the China-Arab Summit, the China-Gulf Cooperation Council Summit and pay a state visit to Saudi Arabia.

　　According to Xinhuanet, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying announced on December 7 that at the invitation of King Salman of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Supreme Leader of president will go to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from December 7 to 10 to attend the first China-Arab summit, the China-Gulf Cooperation Council summit and pay a state visit to Saudi Arabia.

　　7. CITIC Securities: In 2023, A-shares will gradually gather strength to continue the already started mid-term comprehensive repair trend.

　　CITIC Securities released the investment strategy of A-share market in 2023: multiple factors that have been suppressing A-shares since 2022 will usher in a turning point in 2023. In November 2022, the optimization of epidemic prevention policies and the development of real estate support have clearly defined the expected turning point of policies, and the economy has gradually stabilized and rebounded to the potential growth level, improving market risk appetite; It is expected that the interest rate hike in Europe and America will end in March 2023, and the inflection point of RMB exchange rate will appear and gradually appreciate, opening up the room for valuation repair; In the second half of 2023, the A-share profit turning point appeared, and the growth rate was more flexible, laying a solid foundation for medium-term repair. With the gradual emergence of the above three inflection points, A shares will gradually gather together in 2023, continuing the already started mid-term comprehensive repair trend, and the upward momentum will be stronger after entering the second quarter, in which foreign capital and private placement are the main sources of incremental funds throughout the year. The A-share market can be divided into two stages. The first stage is policy-driven, and on the way, it is suggested to focus on three main lines: precise prevention and control, real estate industry chain and global liquidity inflection point. In the second stage, the market is driven by performance, and the style is more growing. It is recommended to focus on the "four major safety" in configuration.

　　8. Domestic commodity futures opened mixed, and crude oil was among the top losers.

　　Domestic commodity futures opened mixed, SC crude oil fell by nearly 7%, low-sulfur fuel oil fell by more than 3%, and fuel oil and Shanghai Bank fell by more than 1%. In terms of increase, coke, Shanghai tin and coking coal rose by over 2%, while iron ore, No.20 rubber, palm oil, cotton, rubber, soda ash and vegetable oil rose by over 1%.

　　9. National Health Commission: Yesterday, 4,351 local confirmed cases were added and 20,764 local asymptomatic infections were added.

　　According to the data of National Health Commission, 4409 newly confirmed cases were reported in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 6. Among them, 58 cases were imported from abroad, including 8 cases from asymptomatic infected persons to confirmed cases (4 cases in Zhejiang, 3 cases in Guangdong and 1 case in Liaoning); There are 4351 local cases (1719 in Guangdong, 1170 in Beijing, 214 in Sichuan, 184 in Chongqing, 154 in Fujian, 154 in Henan, 118 in Heilongjiang, 94 in Zhejiang, 85 in Hainan, 80 in Guizhou, 77 in Inner Mongolia, 51 in Liaoning, 43 in Yunnan, 42 in Shaanxi, 40 in Jiangsu and 30 in Shandong). There were 5 cases in Anhui, 5 cases in Qinghai, 2 cases in Hebei, 2 cases in Xizang, 1 case in Jilin and 1 case in Guangxi), including 675 cases from asymptomatic infected persons to confirmed cases (433 cases in Guangdong, 56 cases in Chongqing, 55 cases in Heilongjiang, 36 cases in Beijing, 36 cases in Zhejiang, 22 cases in Fujian, 16 cases in Sichuan, 7 cases in Shanxi, 5 cases in Qinghai, 3 cases in Shandong, 2 cases in Henan, and 3 cases in Shandong. There were no new deaths. There are no new suspected cases. There were 20,912 new asymptomatic infections, including 148 imported cases and 20,764 local cases.

　　10、中共中央政治局召开会议分析研究2023年经济工作研究部署党风廉政建设和反腐败工作

　　据央视新闻，中共中央政治局12月6日召开会议，分析研究2023年经济工作；听取中央纪委国家监委工作汇报，研究部署2023年党风廉政建设和反腐败工作。中共中央总书记最高领袖主持会议。会议指出，明年要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加强各类政策协调配合，优化疫情防控措施，形成共促高质量发展的合力。积极的财政政策要加力提效，稳健的货币政策要精准有力，产业政策要发展和安全并举，科技政策要聚焦自立自强，社会政策要兜牢民生底线。要着力扩大国内需求，充分发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用。要加快建设现代化产业体系，提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。要切实落实“两个毫不动摇”，增强我国社会主义现代化建设动力和活力。要推进高水平对外开放，更大力度吸引和利用外资。要有效防范化解重大经济金融风险，守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

　　11. The "Hainan Island Duty Free New Year Carnival Season" was officially launched today.

　　According to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, on the morning of December 7, Yao Lei, a first-class inspector of Hainan Provincial Department of Commerce, said at the press conference on tax-free promotion of consumption in Hainan Island that today, the "Hainan Island Tax-free New Year Carnival Season" was officially launched. According to reports, the event officially started today (December 7) until February 5, 2023 (the fifteenth day of the first lunar month), and it will not be closed in the New Year. It will be superimposed on the first Hainan International Duty-free Shopping Festival for Outlying Islands, which was launched on June 28 this year, to create a duty-free New Year’s carnival season in Hainan with "activities every day, discounts every week and themes every month".

　　General Administration of Customs: In the first 11 months of this year, China’s import and export increased by 8.6% year-on-year.

　　According to CCTV news, the General Administration of Customs announced today (7th) that the total value of China’s foreign trade import and export in the first 11 months of this year was 38.34 trillion yuan, up 8.6% year-on-year, and foreign trade continued to operate smoothly. Customs statistics show that in the first 11 months of this year, China’s total foreign trade import and export value was 38.34 trillion yuan, up 8.6% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 21.84 trillion yuan, up 11.9% year-on-year; Imports reached 16.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.6%. The structure of trade mode was further optimized, with general trade import and export reaching 24.47 trillion yuan, up 12.4% year-on-year, accounting for 63.8% of China’s total foreign trade import and export value, up 2.2 percentage points over the same period last year. In terms of commodity structure, China’s exports of mechanical and electrical products, especially new energy products, increased rapidly in the first 11 months.

　　13. General Administration of Customs: The total value of China’s imports and exports in the first 11 months was US$ 5.78 trillion, an increase of 5.9%.

　　According to data released by the General Administration of Customs on the 7th, China’s total import and export value in the first 11 months was 5.78 trillion US dollars, up 5.9%. Among them, exports were 3.29 trillion US dollars, up 9.1%; Imports were 2.49 trillion US dollars, up by 2%; The trade surplus was $802.04 billion, an increase of 39%.

　　14、特斯拉年末再降价现车限时补贴6000元

　　据中证报，12月7日，特斯拉宣布推出“叠加福利”――限时现车福利6000元。12月7日至12月31日，购买符合条件的特斯拉现车并完成交付，将额外享受6000元福利。(注：此前，特斯拉推出12月限时福利，包括现车保险补贴4000元、“宝箱”积分奖励20000分等。)

　　15、征求对经济工作的意见和建议中共中央召开党外人士座谈会最高领袖主持并发表重要讲话

　　央视新闻消息，中共中央在中南海召开党外人士座谈会，就今年经济形势和明年经济工作听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士代表的意见和建议。中共中央总书记最高领袖主持座谈会并发表重要讲话强调，明年是全面贯彻落实中共二十大精神的开局之年，经济工作要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进，全面贯彻新发展理念，更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，更好统筹发展和安全，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加强各类政策协调配合，大力提振市场信心，把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来，推动经济运行整体好转，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。

　　16. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: The subsidiary company has obtained the qualification of marketing license holder of ursodeoxycholic acid tablets for treating cholesterol gallstones.

　　Xinhua Pharmaceutical responded to investors’ questions on the interactive platform, saying that Xinda Pharmaceutical, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, has obtained the qualification of marketing license holder for ursodeoxycholic acid tablets, a drug for treating cholesterol gallstones.

　　17. Some enterprises involved are expected to leave the "unverified list" of the US.

　　According to china securities journal, relevant government agencies are assisting China enterprises listed in the "unverified list" by the US to get off the list. "After being included in the’ unverified list’, we have been communicating with the US through the government. After verification, the US will issue a report and then decide whether to exclude it. We are waiting for the final confirmation. " A person in charge of an enterprise listed as "unverified list" said, "As for which enterprises have received assistance and how it is progressing, we will see the results."

　　18. the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism: No longer check the negative certificate of nucleic acid test and health code for cross-regional migrants.

　　The State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism issued the Notice on Further Optimizing the Implementation of Prevention and Control Measures for COVID-19 Epidemic, which stated that except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, negative nucleic acid test certificates are not required, and health codes are not checked. Important organs, large enterprises and some specific places can determine their own prevention and control measures by the territory. No longer check the negative certificate and health code of nucleic acid test for cross-regional floating personnel, and no longer carry out landing inspection.

　　19. Joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council: further optimize nucleic acid detection.

　　The State Council issued the Notice on Further Optimizing the Implementation of Epidemic Prevention and Control by the Comprehensive Group of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for novel coronavirus Epidemic. Among them, it is proposed to further optimize nucleic acid detection. Do not carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions, further narrow the scope of nucleic acid testing and reduce the frequency. According to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out. The employees in high-risk posts and those in high-risk areas shall be tested for nucleic acid according to the relevant regulations, and other personnel are willing to do all the tests.

　　20. Joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council: asymptomatic infected persons and light cases with home isolation conditions generally adopt home isolation.

　　The State Council joint prevention and control mechanism issued a notice on further optimizing the implementation of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures. Among them, it is proposed to optimize and adjust the isolation mode. Infected people should be scientifically classified and treated. Asymptomatic infected people and light cases with home isolation conditions generally adopt home isolation, or they can voluntarily choose centralized isolation and treatment. Strengthen health monitoring during the period of home isolation, and release the isolation after two consecutive nucleic acid tests with Ct value ≥35 on the 6th and 7th day of isolation. If the condition gets worse, it will be transferred to a designated hospital for treatment in time. Close contacts with home isolation conditions can be isolated at home for 5 days, or they can choose centralized isolation voluntarily, and the isolation will be lifted after the nucleic acid test is negative on the fifth day.

　　21. Joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council: scientifically and accurately divide risk areas.

　　The State Council issued the Notice on Further Optimizing the Implementation of Epidemic Prevention and Control by the Comprehensive Group of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for novel coronavirus Epidemic. Among them, it is proposed to scientifically and accurately divide the risk areas. According to buildings, units, floors and households, high-risk areas shall be designated, and shall not be arbitrarily extended to areas such as residential areas, communities and streets (townships). Any form of temporary blockade shall not be adopted.

　　22, epidemic prevention "new ten" released before the Spring Festival ticket search volume soared.

　　According to The Paper, on December 7th, the State Council issued a notice on further optimizing the implementation of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures to the comprehensive group of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control mechanism, and stopped checking negative nucleic acid test certificates and health codes for cross-regional migrants, and stopped carrying out landing inspection. After the news was released, the instantaneous search volume of air tickets on Ctrip platform soared by 160%, among which the search volume of air tickets on the eve of the Spring Festival (the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month-New Year’s Eve) soared to the highest point in three years.

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The Volvo XC90 new energy is displayed in an elegant Nordic design style, with a unique and powerful front design. The air intake grille adopts a family-style design, and the exquisite chrome decoration makes it more visually recognizable. The overall lines are smooth and the body proportions are coordinated, which not only highlights the sense of luxury, but also takes into account the aerodynamic performance, showing the forward-looking and modern of new energy models.

In the side design, the Volvo XC90 New Energy shows a unique luxury atmosphere with its exquisite craftsmanship and dynamic profile. The body size reaches 4953mm*1958mm*1772mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2984mm. This size configuration provides passengers with a spacious interior space. The side lines are smooth and powerful, emphasizing the balance of power and elegance. Particularly striking is its tire specification, which uses 275/45 R20 wide tires at the front and rear, which not only provides excellent grip, but also adds a sporty visual effect to the vehicle. The wheel rim design is exquisite, which complements the body lines, showing the advanced sense and technological charm of the Volvo XC90 New Energy.

In terms of interior, Volvo XC90 New Energy has created a first-class luxury space with the design concept of refinement and comfort. In the spacious cockpit, the steering wheel is made of high-grade leather, which is not only delicate to the touch, but also has manual up and down + front and rear adjustment functions to ensure that the driver can get the best operation convenience in different driving conditions. The center console is equipped with a 9-inch high definition touch screen, integrated multimedia system, navigation and phone functions, which is full of technology and smooth operation. In terms of seat design, whether it is a mix of fabric and leather or the choice of high-end materials, it emphasizes the comfort of the ride. The main and passenger seats support front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and multi-directional electric adjustment, including leg rest adjustment, waist support, and even equipped with heating, ventilation and massage functions to provide passengers with all-round care. The addition of wireless charging function reflects the convenience of modern life. In short, the interior configuration of the XC90 new energy is designed to provide a practical and luxurious driving environment.

Volvo XC90 New Energy is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a strong output of 310 horsepower and a maximum power of 228 kilowatts. This engine provides a peak torque of 400 Nm, and with an 8-speed automatic transmission, it ensures that the vehicle can show efficient power performance in various driving scenarios.

Summarizing the evaluation of the Autohome owner, he was full of praise for the exterior design of the Volvo XC90 New Energy, especially the simple atmosphere of the body line and the iconic Thor’s Hammer headlights, which impressed him. The owner believes that these design elements not only conform to his personal aesthetic, but also show a low-key and elegant temperament. In terms of driving experience, although the score of the rear may be slightly inferior to the front of the car, the overall XC90 New Energy undoubtedly satisfies his pursuit of quality and comfort.

　　[Analysis of Theory]

　　Author: Xie Chao (director and professor of China Knowledge System Research Center of Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, researcher of Shanghai Supreme Leader New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center)

　　Discourse is an important carrier of human language expression and an important tool for human information transmission. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, which has unique theoretical connotation and discourse expression. In order to make the world understand Chinese modernization and break through the long-term monopoly of western modernization theory and practice, we must speed up the construction of Chinese modernization discourse system and enhance the international discourse right of Chinese modernization. To construct a Chinese-style modern discourse system, we should make it well-founded, reasonable and well-spoken.

　　speak on good grounds

　　The discourse system based on discourse not only represents the development mode of human practical activities in a specific historical stage, but also points to human existence and lifestyle. The construction of Chinese-style modernization discourse system should first be "well-founded", which should not only summarize the general experience in the historical process of human modernization, but also explain the practical achievements and success codes of Chinese-style modernization.

　　Summarize the general experience in the historical process of human modernization. In modern times, realizing modernization has become the common aspiration of different countries and nations. Different countries and nations are exploring the development path of modernization, and these explorations together constitute a magnificent chapter in the practice of human modernization. Socialization of production, marketization of economy, democratization of politics and legalization of society are of universal significance to the practice of human modernization. Chinese modernization is an important part of the process of human modernization. In the process of constructing Chinese-style modernization discourse system, we should first consider Chinese-style modernization in the general process of human modernization to avoid separating the relationship between Chinese-style modernization and human modernization and falling into self-talk.

　　Expounding the practical achievements and success codes of Chinese modernization. Chinese-style modernization has the general characteristics of modernization, but also has the characteristics of China. From the idea of "modernization" and "industrialization" put forward by the Communist Party of China (CPC) people with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative during the new-democratic revolution, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has led the people of China to explore modernization for nearly a hundred years. In the century-long exploration practice, the exploration methods, basic characteristics, exploration achievements, experiences and lessons in different historical development stages are different. The summary of the practical experience of Chinese modernization constitutes the original "material" for the construction of Chinese modernization discourse system. Of course, with these primitive "materials", it is still impossible to construct a Chinese-style modern discourse system, and it needs to be further processed, that is, to extract and summarize the marked concepts and categories from practical experience.

　　Words make sense.

　　The so-called "words in words" is to abstract and summarize the practical experience of Chinese modernization, and extract the marked concepts and categories from it. Concept is the basic element of discourse system, which originates from objective facts and constructs categories, propositions and theories in discourse system through specific logical relations. For the construction of Chinese modernization discourse system, its conceptual category should not only reflect the core connotation of Chinese modernization, but also be easily accepted and understood by the international community.

　　Be good at creating concepts and categories that can reflect the core connotation of Chinese modernization. Discourse system consists of a series of relatively fixed concepts, categories, expressions and theories, among which concepts and categories occupy a fundamental position in the whole discourse system. Only on the basis of laying the basic concepts and categories can we construct the theoretical framework of Chinese modernization and explain the scientific connotation and basic characteristics of Chinese modernization clearly. Refining and creating a series of marked concepts and categories that can reflect and embody the core connotation of Chinese modernization is a necessary prerequisite for building a discourse system of Chinese modernization.

　　Be good at creating concepts and categories that are easily understood and accepted by the international community. The generation of discourse and the construction of discourse system are not a process of self-talk, but require communication and exchange between different discourse subjects. Only by creating new concepts, new categories and new expressions that are easy to be understood and accepted by the international community can we guide the international community to study and discuss Chinese modernization. If the concepts and categories we have created are not easily accepted and recognized by the international community, then it will be difficult for this discourse system to have its due influence and to play and realize its due value.

　　sound reasonable

　　"It makes sense", that is, the discourse system of Chinese modernization must rely on the theoretical system and knowledge system of Chinese modernization. If we only explain the content of Chinese modernization within the framework of concepts and categories provided by the West, we will fall into the "discourse trap" of Western modernization.

　　The discourse system of Chinese modernization needs to be supported by the theoretical system. Theoretical system is people’s systematic cognition and exposition of the nature and laws of things, while discourse system is the expression form and language carrier of theoretical system. Only through the discourse system can the theoretical system show the cognition of the nature and laws of the research object, and the discourse system will be convincing only by relying on the theoretical system. As far as Chinese-style modernization is concerned, its theoretical system embodies and reflects the achievements of understanding the essence and laws of Chinese-style modernization, including the basic connotation, main categories, essential characteristics, realization paradigm, evolution law and so on. It is the foundation and support of constructing Chinese modern discourse system. In the process of constructing the discourse system of Chinese modernization, we must constantly promote the innovation and development of the theoretical system of Chinese modernization, and enhance and strengthen the discourse influence of Chinese modernization in the two-way interaction between the theoretical system and the discourse system.

　　Innovating the theoretical system of Chinese modernization in the unity of generality and individuality. Theoretical system is the understanding and reflection of the nature and law of the research object, and the construction of Chinese modern discourse system can not be separated from the innovation of theoretical system. Chinese-style modernization is the organic unity between the universal law of modernization and the special form. On the one hand, Chinese modernization is an important part of human modernization practice and has the common characteristics of modernization. On the other hand, Chinese modernization is carried out in a unique way in the soil and ecology of China, with distinctive China characteristics. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China, summarized the China characteristics in five aspects of Chinese modernization, which profoundly revealed the scientific connotation of Chinese modernization. Only the common characteristics of modernization without China characteristics, or only the characteristics of China without the common characteristics of modernization, are not Chinese modernization. To innovate and develop the theoretical system of Chinese modernization, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between the general characteristics of modernization and the characteristics of China.

　　Speak well.

　　The construction of discourse system is a complex systematic project. The so-called "well-spoken" means to spread the stories, experiences and theories of Chinese modernization in different ways.

　　Realize the coordinated development of Chinese modern political discourse, academic discourse and life discourse. As a language expression, the same object of expression may contain different forms of discourse expression. As far as Chinese modernization is concerned, there are different forms of discourse expression in practice, such as political discourse, academic discourse and life discourse. In the process of constructing Chinese-style modern discourse system, we should pay attention to the organic unity and coordinated development of political discourse, academic discourse and life discourse. Specifically, political discourse should clearly explain the goals, directions and principles of Chinese modernization in authoritative and rigorous language; Academic discourse should clearly explain the theoretical basis, historical origin, development vein, development method, development path and development prospect of Chinese modernization in scientific, normative and abstract language; Life discourse should clearly explain the development, changes and achievements of Chinese modernization in lively and easy-to-spread language.

　　Comprehensive use of different communication methods to improve the communication efficiency of Chinese modernization. In the process of spreading Chinese-style modernization stories, experiences and theories, we should not only adopt appropriate communication language, but also adopt targeted communication methods. On the one hand, we should make good use of traditional media and communication platforms, and comprehensively use sound, image, text and video to tell the story of Chinese modernization and convey the experience and theory of Chinese modernization; On the other hand, make full use of the positive role of big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other information technologies in news collection, production, distribution, reception and feedback, and explore ways and means for information technology to empower Chinese-style modernization to spread internationally, so as to realize the wisdom and precision of Chinese-style modernization. Only in this way can we expand the new space of international communication of Chinese modernization and comprehensively improve the efficiency of international communication of Chinese modernization.

Original Jason Lu Shiqing Shanghai Law Society

Jason Lu, Vice President of Labor Law Research Association of Shanghai Law Society, Director and Chief Partner of Shanghai Jiangsanjiao Law Firm.

Shi Qing, lawyer of Shanghai Jiangsanjiao Law Firm.

synopsis

A major feature of the sharing economy is to mobilize and match service providers through the big data mining of platform enterprises’ demand for consumers. As a result, the working time and space conditions in the sense of past labor relations have been diluted, and it is difficult for a large number of service providers to seek treatment and relief under them. Taking representative cases as samples, this paper makes a subtle analysis of the power structure of employers and employees in platform enterprises in different industries, and finds that although the contractual relationship between the two parties is different from the legal relationship model of labor relations in the past, the management of platform enterprises is actually strengthened. This reinforcement is embodied in ten aspects, such as deposit/deposit, training and attendance, remuneration payment, service provision, assessment and punishment, rewards and subsidies, collection and use of personal information, ownership of intellectual property rights, exclusion of competition and risk outsourcing. All kinds of social subjects in the risk control end, the labor-capital game end and the system design end are in their proper positions, which is a possible way to solve the systemic risk.

Keywords: sharing economy, digital labor, labor disputes, labor relations

I. Background

(A) the sharing economy in recent years: the momentum is rapid, and labor disputes have emerged.

Since 2012, with the emergence of "Didi taxi", the sharing economy has gradually entered the stage of Chinese economic history. Since then, in addition to e-commerce, mobile payment, audio sharing, online rental and bike-sharing have followed. In 2015, it was called "the first year of sharing economy". The sharing economy began to cover all aspects of social life, and services such as driving, housekeeping, beauty, hairdressing, cooking, and daily necessities maintenance became Internet-based.

A major feature of the sharing economy operation model is that at the application level, platform enterprises mobilize and match service providers through big data mining of "information platforms". This new employment mode has realized the digitalization and informationization of business information, work instructions, fund settlement and market evaluation, and the working time and space conditions in the past sense have been diluted.

Therefore, issues such as the protection of the rights and interests of service providers have gradually emerged, and related disputes have begun to arise. These disputes include not only individual disputes between the anchor of the live broadcast platform and domestic service personnel, but also group disputes such as online freight drivers and take-away riders.

In April 2018, Beijing Chaoyang Court analyzed 188 labor dispute cases of Internet platform enterprises tried from 2015 to the first quarter of 2018. In addition, the courts in Shanghai and Jiangsu have also published the gist of the relevant cases through the official media. China is exploring the legal issues of employment in platform enterprises.

(B) Labor relations in digital labor: from "ism" to "problems"

There is a long-standing dispute about the identification of labor relations under the platform of sharing economy (Internet platform). In 2014-2015, the practitioners, including government officials, judges and lawyers, almost overwhelmingly believed that in the context of the country’s vigorous development of the "internet plus", the external employment in the sharing economy should apply a more relaxed labor relations identification standard. Only some labor law scholars suggest that we should learn from the experience of Germany, Italy and Japan to avoid the situation of "marginal people without basic salary, unnecessary expense reimbursement, social security, high turnover rate and no economic compensation". With the expansion of the scope of the dispute, practical and theoretical research has gradually deepened. Sociologists began to use the method of field investigation to study the service providers’ professional psychology, and labor relations scholars also began to conduct quantitative research on the control of labor process by capital through internet technology. However, some network law scholars noticed the essence of the "illegal rise" of the sharing economy earlier, and continued to pay attention to the definition of property rights and the avoidance of responsibility in the integration of social resources from the two dimensions of digital labor and platform economy. These studies indicate that the understanding of the employment relationship in the sharing economic platform is gradually moving from an "ism" debate to a detailed and rational "technology" study. This paper selects several typical cases of sharing economic platform, and through the subtle analysis of the power structure of employers and employees behind the cases, reveals the logic behind the court decision, and puts forward some governance suggestions to expand the horizon to pay attention to the allocation of rights and obligations of various participants.

Second, the typical case and the representation of legal relationship

(1) Share typical cases of labor disputes on the economic platform

1. Zhang and Shanghai Lekuai Information Technology Co., Ltd. labor dispute case (chef case)

In this case, the defendant company operates an APP called "Good Chef", which can make online appointments for chefs to provide cooking services. The plaintiff, on the other hand, is an "online contract chef", who is dissatisfied with the company’s "stop paying wages" and appealed to arbitration, demanding that the two parties be confirmed as a labor relationship rather than a contractual "cooperative relationship", and that the company pay double wages, overtime pay, illegal termination of labor compensation, etc. After arbitration, first instance and second instance, the court of second instance finally confirmed the labor relationship between the two parties and supported their claim for economic compensation.

2. Liu v. Tianjin Wubadaojia Life Service Co., Ltd. (manicurist case)

In this case, the plaintiff signed a contract to settle in the beautiful APP platform operated by the defendant and signed the "58 Home Service Agreement". Later, the plaintiff unilaterally terminated the labor contract because the defendant did not pay social insurance and did not pay labor remuneration in full, and appealed to arbitration for confirmation of labor relations and payment of corresponding compensation. In this case, the plaintiff did not confirm the labor relationship because of the lack of proof submitted by the defendant to prove his management.

3. Xue Mou et al. v. Shanghai Shenzhou Huadong Car Rental Co., Ltd. and other motor vehicle traffic accident liability dispute case (car driver case)

At the same time, this case involves the network car driver, the network car platform company (Shenzhou company), the outsourcing company and the infringed party. Xue was injured by Shimou, the driver of Zhaoshi, who was a formal employee of the outsourcing company at the time of the accident and was performing the operation business distributed by the network car platform company. In addition, the accident vehicle is a non-operating vehicle registered under the name of the network car platform company. Subsequently, Xue sued Shimou, the platform company and the outsourcing company to the court. Because the court of first instance only found that Shimou had a labor relationship with the outsourcing company, it ruled that the outsourcing company was liable for compensation other than traffic compulsory insurance, while the network car platform company was not liable for the employer. Xue appealed to the network car platform company and the outsourcing company to bear joint liability. The court of second instance supported its claim.

4. He and Shanghai Panda Mutual Entertainment Culture Co., Ltd. confirmed the labor relations dispute appeal case (anchor case). The plaintiff in this case was a game anchor who settled in the defendant’s live broadcast network platform company and signed an exclusive cooperation agreement with the defendant. Because the plaintiff believed that the two parties were in a labor relationship, he filed a labor arbitration to determine the relationship, and the defendant paid double wages for the unsigned labor contract. After arbitration, first instance and second instance, the court finally failed to support its request.

5. Li and Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. confirmed the labor relations dispute case (flash courier case)

In this case, Li, a flasher, had a traffic accident when he was engaged in the flasher business. In order to enjoy the treatment of work-related injury insurance, he sued the operator of the "flasher" platform to the court to confirm the existence of labor relations between the two parties. The key to this case is that the court broke through the business scope of the platform company and determined that it actually provided cargo transportation business, and then confirmed the labor relationship between the two parties through the judgment elements of labor relations.

(B) Representation: a legal relationship model different from previous labor relations.

It is worth noting that although the chef case and the flash courier case have confirmed the labor relationship between the two parties, they are still relatively few in all similar cases. In the current labor dispute cases of the sharing economic platform, the sharing economic platform almost invariably refuses to recognize the labor relationship with the service provider, while the court mainly examines the subject nature, management behavior, remuneration payment and business subordination according to the Notice on Establishing Labor Relations issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in 2005. Accordingly, the legal relationship model of sharing economic platform presents the following four characteristics which are different from those of previous labor relations.

1. "Bring your own dry food" practitioners

"Bring your own dry food" means that service providers may complete their tasks with their own work materials and ability. Internet platforms only provide business information and settlement support, and services are provided without the cooperation of other practitioners. The combination of labor relations is that employees must be attached to the employer and complete their work with the cooperation of other workers under the organization of the employer.

2. The business nature of "lump sum"

In the past identification of labor relations, the employers or organizations of employees often mastered the internal standards and external pricing of the products they produced, and supervised the industry access and the implementation of industry standards. However, at least in the early days, the sharing economy platform often does not regulate the access of practitioners, service standards and pricing. Some platforms even allow practitioners to get paid directly from customers, and practitioners are almost "all-in" self-employed. Of course, the internal and external responsibilities caused by them are also borne by practitioners.

3. Platform enterprises whose business scope is inconsistent with the business purpose.

Practitioners obtain service information from the Internet platform, but the Internet platform does not recognize the enjoyment of labor results. Platform enterprises often claim that they are actually engaged in the development and operation of application software and the integration and push of service information, and do not directly operate physical business. Therefore, there is a big gap between the labor of practitioners and the business scope of Internet platforms.

4. Weakened subordination

The subordination here is manifested in three levels:

First, the weakening of working time and space means that practitioners may have the autonomy to decide whether to work, working hours and even working forms, and are no longer on full-time standby and working. You only need a mobile phone to work all over the world.

Second, the attribute of task management is weakened, that is, the so-called grabbing orders instead of dispatching orders. After customers input consumption information into the Internet platform or the Internet platform to collect consumption information, they share the information in the practitioners’ terminals, and the practitioners choose to provide services or compete according to standards such as time sequence and distance, and the winners of the competition complete the consumption services.

Third, the core interests are weakened from the attributes, as shown in the second point.

Third, platform enterprises: the agreement excludes identification and actually strengthens management.

(1) Deposit/security deposit

Platform enterprises often collect deposits from service providers. The role of the deposit seems obvious, that is, the use fee of the means of production: for example, in the chef case, the platform enterprise said that the deposit was "the rental fee for providing chef’s clothes and cooking utensils, and it would be returned when the items were returned". In addition, some platforms also charge a deposit for transactions. For example, in a case of a manicurist service platform, the platform enterprise agreed that a manicurist should use the platform to obtain service order information, and should pay the deposit to the platform.

However, the use of this deposit/margin is often intertwined with the functions of other platform enterprises. The production materials provided by the platform enterprises are accompanied by the platform logo, and the obligation to pay the deposit/deposit actually constitutes the propaganda obligation of the service provider and the platform packaging of the platform to the service provider. The deposit/security deposit is also used to deduct the share drawn by the platform enterprise from the service fee, and the platform enterprise can also deduct the cost of using the means of production by the service provider from the remuneration it receives. In addition, some platform enterprises will also use the deposit as a weight to retain service providers when they are restructured, such as stipulating that "resignation within six months will not be refunded, resignation within six months to one year will be refunded by half, and full refund will be made after one year".

(2) Training and attendance

Also based on the requirements of standardized services and the consideration of platform packaging, platform enterprises often conduct pre-job training. For example, in the case of manicurist, platform enterprises require to participate in standardized training for services according to the order service standards formulated by them during the trial period. According to the manicurist, the training content includes nail technology, service process, how to use the beautiful APP platform and how to serve customers, etc., and there is income during the training period.

In addition, platform enterprises are not without attendance requirements. In the chef’s case, the chef said that he had to report to the office and dispatch station of the company’s management staff at 10: 00 in the morning, and he had to report here at 18: 30 in the evening, in the form of punching in, and his salary would be deducted if he was late. In the manicurist case, the manicurist also said that the platform enterprise stipulated the manicurist’s rest time in the APP platform, and there were four days’ rest in a month. The leave had to go through the platform, and he had to call the team leader appointed by the platform enterprise, and the team leader could rest only after applying for approval.

(3) Payment of remuneration

As the core point of determining the legal relationship between the two parties, remuneration payment needs special attention. Under the background of revenue sharing, platform enterprises often master pricing, control distribution and issue fixed "bonuses" on a monthly basis, but legally exclude monthly remuneration as the qualitative nature of wages.

1. Revenue sharing model

The compensation distribution mode between platform enterprises and service providers can be divided into two types according to whether the platform enterprises draw from it. In the case that the platform enterprises do not draw, the main business purpose is to collect information from the supply and demand sides, and the profit point is mostly advertising fees; In the case of platform enterprises, the profit point has shifted. In the case of the chef, the platform enterprise provides the chef with the above two revenue sharing methods, and the chef chooses the second one, that is, he not only accepts the door-to-door cooking service appointed by customers through the platform, but also is willing to accept the door-to-door cooking service appointed and dispatched by Party A.. At this time, the customer’s service fee is allocated by both parties, and the platform pays the chef’s expenses caused by scheduling. In the manicurist case, both parties agreed that the information service fee collected by the platform was 20% of the monthly service fee collected by the platform.

2. Pricing power of services

On the surface, self-employed people should enjoy the right to price the services they provide, including the right to decide the initial price and the right to adjust the price according to the objective situation or customer requirements in the actual service process. However, in practice, platform enterprises tend to firmly control the price agreed by both parties on the platform to prevent breach of contract or fraud from damaging the interests of the platform. For example, in the case of the chef, the platform enterprise agreed that the service price of the chef should not be modified without authorization once it is released. If the service price is changed to the reserved customer without authorization in violation of the regulations, the platform enterprise has the right to immediately terminate its cooperation relationship and demand compensation for the corresponding losses.

3. Settlement object

That is, whether the fees paid by customers are paid directly to the service provider or through the platform. In the case of manicurists, the platform claims that the income of manicurists comes from the service fees paid by manicurists in cash (that is, offline) or online. However, in its agreement with manicurists, it is written that the manicurists use the information services provided by the platform. After the trial period expires, the platform enterprises should be fully entrusted to collect and manage the service payment for orders on their behalf. At the time of settlement, the platform enterprise has the right to deduct the information service fee that the service provider should pay to the platform. In the case of Chef, the platform enterprise also recognized that the money received by the service provider was the cooperation fee paid by the platform enterprise as an intermediary platform after collecting the service payment from consumers.

4. The nature, standard and settlement cycle of remuneration

Platform enterprises often do not recognize the remuneration as wages, but recognize the remuneration as a "package income" mainly based on "incentive bonus". For example, in the case of the manicurist, although the platform enterprise advocates that the service provider’s labor remuneration on the platform comes from the service fee paid by the customers who receive nail services, it also agrees that the service provider can earn no less than 10,000 yuan per month (including meal supplement, order incentive bonus and other rewards that can be obtained according to the platform incentive policy) on the premise that the service provider abides by the relevant agreements. In the case of the chef, the platform enterprise claims that the remuneration paid is the cooperation fee including the over-single reward. In the anchor case, the two parties agreed that if the anchor reaches the minimum monthly live broadcast days, monthly average daily live broadcast times and monthly live broadcast duration, it will receive RMB 7,000. However, although the platform enterprises have agreed on a series of conditions for the payment of remuneration, they are still paid on a fixed monthly basis when actually paying.

(4) Provision of services

Corresponding to remuneration payment is service provision. In the process of service provision, platform enterprises often strictly control the service provider, the time and place of service, the right to choose and refuse.

1. Personal exclusivity

First of all, consistent with the agreements on publishing, performance and technology development, the service provider must provide services by himself, showing strong personal specificity. For example, the entry agreement of a live broadcast platform stipulates that "without the written consent of the platform, it is not allowed to directly or indirectly or in any way complete the live broadcast content agreed in this agreement by itself or entrust a third party", and once it is violated, the platform has the right to immediately terminate the contract and take the unpaid webcast fee as liquidated damages. If the amount of liquidated damages is still insufficient to compensate for the loss of the platform, the service provider should also make supplementary compensation.

2. Time and place of service

For the on-site service requirements put forward by customers, platform enterprises often require service providers to arrive at the service location on time. In the case of chef, if the platform enterprise agreed that the customer would make an appointment for home cooking to the service provider through the platform, the service provider should arrive at the service place to provide cooking service for the customer within the time agreed by the customer. In the manicurist case, if the service provider fails to arrive at the service location required by the customer on time, the platform has the right to punish until the cooperation relationship is terminated.

3. The right to choose and refuse services

Does the service provider have the right to choose customers? Under the mode of grabbing orders, service providers certainly have the right to choose customers, although the result of selection is uncertain. However, in the delivery mode, customers place orders online through APP software, and platform enterprises will give priority to pushing a service provider according to the geographical location of the service provider. At this time, the service provider will lose the right to choose.

So in this case, does the service provider have the right to refuse? This has become the main concern of judges and both parties in the identification of labor relations in platform enterprises. For example, in the chef case, if the court asks this question in court, the platform enterprise can refuse the answer, but it will affect the good award. If the service provider has no time, the platform enterprise can arrange others, but it needs to consult the customer in advance whether to accept or withdraw the order; The chef advocates that you can’t refuse to take orders, and if you refuse, you will deduct your salary. There are similar opposing views in the manicurist case.

(5) Supervision, assessment and punishment

Based on the comprehensive interests of platform enterprises and service providers, they often supervise and assess service providers and give corresponding disciplinary measures. For example, in the format agreement for the live broadcast of a platform, it is stipulated that platform enterprises have the right to formulate platform operation system and management rules for anchors, manage and supervise anchors, and have the right to adjust or change corresponding rules according to operation conditions, and the anchors understand and agree with this; In addition, the platform also has the right to inspect and judge the anchor, so as to establish (cancel) the reward or punishment for the anchor. The specific inspection items and standards shall be formulated separately by the platform, without the additional consent of the anchor.

In the manicurist case, the platform enterprise not only has assessment, but also has irregular disciplinary system: during the validity of the agreement, the platform has the right to assess the service providers irregularly, and has the right to classify the enjoyment level of order information services according to the assessment results and formulate information service policies and related systems during the assessment period. If the service fails to satisfy the customer and the customer complains, the platform has the right to impose a scoring disciplinary system on the manicurist. If the customer scores a certain number of bad reviews or complaints, the platform has the right to terminate the cooperative relationship with the manicurist and ask Party B to compensate the corresponding losses.

(6) Awards and subsidies

The reward and subsidy system of platform enterprises has also become an important incentive to attract service providers to register. For example, in the manicurist case, platform enterprises will pay subsidies according to the amount of bills, the amount of bills and customer evaluation. At the same time, however, platform enterprises also stipulate that "in order to adapt to the changing market policies and situation, the platform has the right to introduce certain incentive policies such as transportation subsidies and incentive bonuses from time to time, but service providers do not have the right to demand compensation, compensation or claim such subsidies, bonuses and other incentive funds in any way", which limits the right of service providers to claim them as wages. In the online live broadcast industry, where the gifteconomy is the most widely used, the service provider obtains the benefits by obtaining the virtual props donated by the users according to the exchange rules and sharing ratio formulated by the platform, and the rewards are directly linked to the customer evaluation (gifts).

(7) Collection and use of personal information

The transfer of personal information of service providers is also worthy of attention. In fact, as an important asset of platform enterprises, the acquisition of personal information of service providers is an inevitable requirement of platform brand promotion. In the settlement agreement of the live broadcast platform, it is often stipulated that the platform has the right to use the anchor’s name (including but not limited to your real name, pen name, screen name, previous name and any character symbol representing your identity) and portrait (including but not limited to real portrait and cartoon portrait, etc.) for all kinds of publicity. In the case of the chef, the two parties agreed that the chef "knows and agrees to provide some private information such as his own identity information and contact information to the platform and publish it", and at the same time "knows and agrees that the price corresponding to the cooking service he provides will be published and published by the platform. On the other hand, some platforms also take the publicity and promotion of service providers as a service. For example, in the case of manicurists, the platform will manage and display personal information and order service information for manicurists, and will push and promote them as "value-added services".

(8) Ownership of intellectual property rights

In the case that the provision of services will produce intellectual property rights, platform enterprises often determine their ownership through agreements. For example, it is stipulated in the agreement of a live broadcast platform that all intellectual property rights (including but not limited to intellectual property rights such as copyright and trademark rights and all related derivative rights), ownership and related rights of all achievements (including but not limited to commentary videos and audio, and any words, videos and audio related to the matters in this agreement) generated by the service provider during the live webcast of the platform shall be enjoyed by the platform enterprise. All this is free and unlimited. Without the written consent of the platform, the anchor shall not use or provide or authorize any third party in any way and obtain any income.

(9) Eliminate competition

On the basis of determining the rights, the platform enterprises will request to exclude the possibility of any competition among service providers. For example, in the anchor case, it is stipulated in the live broadcast agreement between the two parties: the anchor agrees to use the live broadcast platform as an exclusive platform for live internet sharing, and He promises not to share the live broadcast on any third-party internet platform outside the platform without the written consent of the platform during the cooperation period. The anchor shall not broadcast live games outside the scope specified or recognized by the platform, and shall not broadcast live in the name of non-platform recognition; Without the prior written consent of the platform, no non-platform product introduction is allowed; Do not undertake any commercial activities of any competitive platform during the agreement period, and do not upload the video uploaded to the platform directly or through a third party to the competitive platform.

It is worth noting that, despite a slight lack of supervision, some sharing economic platforms based on manual labor will still agree with service providers on "excluding competition" clauses. In the case of flash courier, the two parties agreed that "couriers should not provide services for other platforms at the same time", which eventually led to the court’s decision to confirm labor relations to some extent.

(X) Risk outsourcing

Even with the above-mentioned behaviors, platform enterprises often think that service providers are self-employed people at their own risk and should guarantee their services for defects. In both the manicurist case and the chef case, the platform pleaded that "the service provider is a freelancer who provides services to customers with his own skills at his own risk". The live broadcast platform also stipulates a "safeharbour" exemption: if the anchor results contain other people’s intellectual property rights, portrait rights, name rights or other legitimate rights and interests, it should ensure that the legal authorization of the relevant rights holders has been obtained, and it has the right to authorize the platform to be used permanently and free of geographical restrictions; In case of violation of the regulations, the platform has the right to require the anchor payment platform to pay the relevant fees to the other party by itself or by entrusting a third party, and deduct them from the webcast fee of the anchor in equal amount, and the insufficient part of the anchor should be supplemented; If the platform suffers any economic and reputational losses, the anchor shall make full compensation and be responsible for eliminating the adverse effects.

Another typical method of transferring risks is outsourcing. In the case of traffic accidents of car drivers, platform enterprises try to avoid the possibility of being liable to employers because of the car drivers’ job behavior by letting them sign labor contracts with outsourcing companies. Platform enterprises believe that according to Road traffic accident responsibility confirmation, the cause of the accident is improper operation of the driver, not the vehicle itself involved, and the platform enterprise is only the owner of the vehicle and there is no fault, so it should not bear any responsibility; The outsourcing company, which is also a wholly-owned subsidiary of the platform enterprise, voluntarily assumes the responsibility beyond the insurance scope. For the internet catering platform, it has become normal to outsource the labor relations of food delivery staff to other companies.

It should be noted that based on the business logic of sharing economic platform, although most of its management measures can be attributed to the above ten points, not all of them are applicable to a certain platform. For example, some platforms do not necessarily require service providers to provide guarantees, and some platforms do not necessarily restrict the competition of service providers or emphasize the ownership of intellectual property rights.

Nevertheless, it is still necessary to consider whether controlling one point or several points can actually lead to global control in management in the process of realizing commercial purposes of platform enterprises. For example, even if there are requirements for the anchor to get paid, such as the minimum number of days of monthly live broadcast (15 days), the average number of people per month (3,000 people per day) and the length of time (80 hours), such restrictions undoubtedly rule out any possibility that the anchor can use his major to do the same or similar work during the service period. You don’t just need a mobile phone to work all over the world at any time; But even if you only need a mobile phone, you must work on this platform every day. This leverage effect on the control of service providers is particularly worthy of attention under the background of the obvious trend of oligopoly pattern in various industries.

Fourth, the turn of the court: weighing the protection of rights and interests and sharing economic development

In the case of confirming labor relations, the judge first considers whether the individual has personal and organizational subordination, that is, how many "management privileges" the platform enterprises have.

For example, in the manicurist case, the reasons why the court found that the two sides did not belong to labor relations included:

(1) It is agreed by both parties that manicurists can choose their own working hours and working places, and there is no need to work in shifts, and there is no special and fixed office space;

(2) Both parties agree that the settlement method of the service fee includes online payment by the customer, which is paid to the manicurist on a monthly basis after deducting the information service fee from the platform, or the customer pays the manicurist directly in cash, so the income of the manicurist is composed of the customer service fee rather than paid labor arranged by the platform enterprise;

(3) The business scope of the platform enterprise is the collection and release of business supply information, excluding the operation of manicure business, so the manicure service provided by manicurists is not a part of the platform enterprise.

However, in the case of 2018, the author saw the turn of some local courts, especially Beijing courts. Its turn mainly considers the fairness of rights protection, the consistency of rights and obligations and the anti-risk ability of the contending subject.

(1) Fairness

In fact, behind fairness is the ranking of values worthy of national protection. For example, when it comes to citizens’ basic rights, such as labor safety and health, citizens’ health rights, etc., the court will tend to protect the disadvantaged party in the dispute. However, the court will treat it with caution if it involves demands such as double wages for unsigned labor contracts. For example, in the chef case, although the court found that the subordinate relationship between the two parties conforms to the essential characteristics of labor relations, at the same time, based on the signed Cooperation Agreement, the relevant labor rights and interests of the chef were legally guaranteed, so the service provider’s claim of double wage difference without signing a written labor contract was not supported.

(2) Consistency of rights and obligations

In addition to fairness, courts sometimes consider the consistency of rights and obligations of platform enterprises. For example, in the driver’s case, the court held that the vehicle was owned by the platform company, and the platform company also insured it. After the incident, the insurance company assumed the responsibility of claim settlement, and the original judgment found that the platform company did not assume the responsibility of claim settlement, which was inconsistent with law and reason; Moreover, the driver of the special car drives the vehicle of the platform company to operate according to the instructions of the platform company, and the car calling service and the payment of the fare of the relevant special car are operated through the platform company, and the proceeds also belong to the platform company. Since the platform company enjoys the rights, it should bear the corresponding liability for compensation.

In the case of flash courier, the judge even pointed out that platform enterprises should not bear the legal and social responsibilities they should bear because they have adopted new technical means and new business methods.

(3) Ability to resist risks

The application of anti-risk ability first appears in the distribution of burden of proof. For example, in the chef case, the court held that the platform company, as a network company, has the ability and obligation to prove the details of the "cooperation" between its company and the chef under the business model with the mobile Internet as the background, so as to prove that the "cooperation" process between the two parties fully conforms to the terms stipulated in its cooperation agreement. Although the platform company claims that the remuneration paid to chefs on the 15th of each month is cooperation fees such as over-the-counter rewards, not wages, as the remuneration issuer, it has not provided evidence to prove the calculation details and specific basis for paying chefs’ remuneration, nor has it provided evidence to prove that the "Good Chef" platform reward policy has been delivered to the chefs or reached an agreement with them, so it should be considered that this fee is the nature of wages.

In addition, the judgment standard of anti-risk ability is also directly reflected in the system design of labor management. In the case of flash courier, the judge held that as a company operating by using new technical means, it can fully use the advantages of information technology to realize legal operation and management. The court cannot refuse to provide basic rights relief to workers because the relevant supporting system is not perfect. Therefore, the responsibility of reducing employment risks is directly assigned to the enterprises sharing the economic platform.

V. Jiang Triangle Viewpoint: The governance of labor disputes in the sharing economy requires the social subjects to "take their places".

However, the turn of the above courts is only a very small number in the current overall judicial decisions. Based on the local court’s consideration of the local political and economic environment and many other subjective and objective reasons, it is still difficult for the system implementation end to make long-term considerations such as the case of flash courier. Therefore, the author believes that in the management of labor disputes in the sharing economy, we should broaden our horizons to pay attention to the distribution of rights and obligations of various participants, which is mainly reflected in risk control, labor-capital game and system design.

(1) Risk control end

The prevention of disputes within enterprises is the main barrier to control risks, but nowadays platform enterprises generally fail to completely exhaust the existing labor system subjectively or objectively. Positive cases, such as an Internet electronic equipment maintenance platform, also encountered many personnel management confusion problems that start-up Internet companies often encountered when it was established in 2015. After systematic employment design, through outsourcing relationship, labour relation, labor dispatch relationship, and applying for special working hours under standard labor relations, the risk management and control of employment in Internet platform enterprises are completed. The systematic design of employment mode not only gives service providers a sense of belonging, but also curbs the current situation of service providers "taking private jobs", thus achieving a win-win situation between labor and capital, making this enterprise one of the few industry unicorns.

(B) Labor-capital game end

Another reason for frequent labor disputes in platform enterprises is the lack of collective organization and collective bargaining. A positive case, for example, in Shanghai in early 2018, the first online food delivery industry trade union in China-Putuo District Online Food Delivery Industry Trade Union Federation was established. There are five online food delivery workers’ unions established in Putuo District, and more than 400 online food delivery workers have joined the unions. In addition, the advantage of Internet economy lies in the perfect evaluation system, and the ubiquitous digital labor is providing channels for civil supervision. For example, the Shanghai Food and Drug Administration has piloted an internal reporting system for take-away food delivery staff, encouraging more than 30,000 take-away food delivery staff in Shanghai to find and report the problem merchants on the online ordering platform at the first time. This system, to some extent, shares the regulatory responsibility of platform enterprises.

(3) System design end

A typical case of system design is the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Booking Taxi Operating Services jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Communications in 2016. This method provides detailed regulations on the network car platform company, vehicles and drivers of the network car, and the management behavior of the network car, which largely regulates the benefit distribution of the network car industry in China and affects its development pattern. However, in other industries, the value distribution link of the sharing economy has been seriously neglected, and the corresponding system design is extremely lacking. To understand the value distribution state of sharing economy, firstly, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the temporal and spatial pedigree of digital labor, and secondly, it is necessary to analyze the formation and development model of sharing economy platform. In addition, what is special for China is that the Internet economy (or digital economy) and the network security problems it brings almost coincide with globalization. A major feature of its business model is to break through the boundaries of the atomic world (national boundaries). In this bit world, the global ecology of digital economy industry and the flow of value chain are equally worthy of attention.

In recent years, the global Internet economy has developed rapidly, and it has continuously impacted a country’s existing systems such as competition law, copyright law, privacy law, labor and employment law. The platform economy lies in the development mode of Internet enterprises, and its risks are often accompanied by huge benefits. On the other hand, Internet companies in China are constantly going abroad, and some of them have even become a model for a country to learn from. Therefore, China should take the lead in controlling the systemic risks of the whole society that may be caused by Internet platform enterprises, and China Internet enterprises should take the corresponding social responsibilities.

Shanghai Law Society welcomes your contribution.

fxhgzh@vip.163.com

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Source: Shanghai Law Research, Volume 15, 2019 (Labor Law Research Volume). Please indicate the source when quoting and reprinting.

Original title: "Jason Lu Shiqing: A Judicial Case Study of Typical Labor Disputes in China Sharing Economic Platform"

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　　BEIJING, Beijing, November 25 (Zhang Yuhui) On the 26th, the written examination of public subjects in the 2024 national examination will be held soon. According to the National Civil Service Bureau, the national examination plans to recruit 39,600 people. By the end of online registration and qualification examination, a total of 3.033 million people have passed the qualification examination of the employer, and the ratio of the number of qualified people to the number of employment plans is about 77:1.

　　There are such a group of candidates who are racing against time to prepare for the upcoming written test, but they are also experiencing a wave of refund of fees that spans two years.

　　In recent years, public examination training has become an industrial chain. In order to stand out from the competition, some candidates are determined to invest in themselves. However, what is waiting for them is not the guarantee of refund even if they fail, but the routine of the public examination training agreement class.

　　Routine 1: "But no refund"

　　After the failure of the public examination in 2022, Cheng Yan (pseudonym) began her nearly one-year road to safeguarding rights. Unlike the 30-45 days agreed in the agreement to submit the refund formalities and verify them, she didn’t receive the long-deserved refund of 40 thousand yuan until the end of May this year. Nowadays, a group of candidates who signed up for the 2023 public examination training agreement class embarked on the road she had traveled and struggled in the difficult rights protection.

　　Song Ming (a pseudonym) is one of them. In August, 2022, he signed up for the full-course agreement class of written examination and interview in a training institution, and signed an agreement with the institution, which stipulated in detail the conditions, standards and handling procedures of the refund. After Song Ming failed to "land" successfully, he applied to the training institution for refund of training fees. However, from the submission of the refund formalities on August 8 to now, he has not waited for the 36,500 yuan refund promised by the training institution.

　　"There is no following when submitting the refund information, and the same is true for others. Everyone is stuck with tens of thousands of dollars in the organization." The experience of Song Ming and other students who are defending their rights stems from the "no refund" promised by the organization at that time.

　　Zhongxin. com searched on social platforms and found that students who signed up for the "no refund" public examination training class abound. According to the analysis of some education experts, the students failed the exam, which is caused by two factors, one is teaching, and the other is learning. However, the business model of "no return, no return" attributes all the students to the teaching side, which is equivalent to giving the students a blank check.

　　The storm of refund is getting worse. According to Song Ming, now, the training institution he signed up for has cancelled the full-refund agreement class and changed to fail the exam and refund part of the money. An intermediary of the training institution told Zhongxin. com that at present, there are three charging methods for the provincial examination agreement class in 2024, among which students can pay 22,999 yuan in advance and refund 5,000 yuan after being hired. Although the refund fee has been reduced, the "promise" of "no refund" continues.

　　Routine 2: From "No Money to Retire" to "Retire by Stages"

　　In August last year, the list of candidates for the provincial examination positions and the positions for adjustment, replacement and re-recording in a certain province was announced, and Liu Jia (pseudonym) decided to fail in the provincial examination. When I took the exam, it was an epidemic. Liu Jia and the students who also signed up for the agreement class took risks and took part in the whole process of the exam. The reason was that the agreement stipulated that only by taking the relevant links of the exam could I get a refund after failing the exam. "The public exam training is very expensive, and I still have friends who smashed 50,000 to 60,000." However, after she applied for a refund from the training institution, the institution declined in October saying that "there is no money to refund" and proposed that she could go to the written test class for two months in the second half of the year. After Liu Jia refused, from December to January this year, the agency proposed to Liu Jia to refund the fees by stages.

　　The agreement signed between Liu Jia and the training institution stipulates that "Party A will pay the refund amount to the bank account provided by Party B within 30-45 working days after receiving the complete refund formalities submitted by Party B and verifying that the materials are true and meet the refund conditions", and there is no mention of the refund in installments. "If I don’t agree to ask for a full refund in installments, I may not be able to refund it when, so I accepted the installment refund proposed by the organization with the mentality of getting it back first." However, after receiving several refunds, in June this year, the institution stopped the refund, which was about 6,000 yuan short of the promised refund of 19,800 yuan.

　　There are also students who disagree with the installment refund that is not stated in the agreement, as Cheng Yan did. "At that time, many people on the Internet suggested not to accept staging, so I refused. They have already broken the contract and said that they will be phased. Who knows if they will abide by the agreement? " Cheng Yan believes that if the training institutions have integrity, they should refund the fees on time, and should not "make another mistake".

　　After the phased refund of fees stopped, Liu Jia began to complain about the training institutions to the 12345 hotline, the Education Commission, the petition departments and other forces. Later, Liu Jia learned that the agency seemed to be "rich again". After many complaints and help, Liu Jia finally got a full refund in October this year. At the same time, Song Ming accepted the installment refund with a total value of nearly 40,000 yuan, but only received one issue and never heard back. "As long as you don’t complain about them, it’s nothing."

　　In June this year, Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee announced the results of a special survey on the education and training industry for the postgraduate entrance examination, which involved six public examination institutions. The survey results show that the refund process is cumbersome and the training institutions shirk their responsibilities. According to the survey, 38.9% of the respondents indicated that they had had the experience of refunding fees, among which 81.1% of the respondents indicated that they encountered unreasonable fee deduction or refused to refund fees. The main manifestations of the cumbersome refund were harsh conditions, failure to refund fees according to the agreement, long refund time, cumbersome refund procedures, refusal to refund fees and changing classes. In addition, judging from the complaints, in the process of refund, consumers often encounter the situation that staff members lose contact and institutions shirk their responsibilities, which makes it difficult to refund fees.

　　Routine 3: "Go through legal procedures"

　　"I can’t retreat, you can go through legal procedures." After the application for refund failed, some students waited for such a sentence from the training institution.

　　According to the data of Sky Eye Survey, among the main causes of judicial cases in an education and training institution, there are 292 disputes related to education and training contracts, ranking first. Among them, 117 cases have been closed and 175 cases have not been closed.

　　The cause of action of an education and training institution involved in judicial cases is in the top ten. The picture comes from Tianyancha.

　　After decisively rejecting the installment refund proposed by the institution, Cheng Yan initiated a lawsuit on the electronic litigation platform of the court where the institution belongs. After filing the case, the court suggested that Cheng Yan withdraw the lawsuit and told her that she would supervise the institution to refund the full amount at the agreed time, and she received the refund after withdrawing the lawsuit. The whole process lasted for more than half a year, but fortunately Cheng Yan finally received a full refund.

　　Cheng Yan mentioned that there are two ways to resolve the disputes in the agreement, namely "bringing a lawsuit to the people’s court" and "applying to the Arbitration Commission for arbitration". A person who provides legal services related to education and training contract disputes told Zhongxin.com that everyone’s training agreement is different. "Agreed litigation can only be litigation, and agreed arbitration can only be arbitration." After submitting the arbitration application and passing the pre-trial, the complainant needs to pay an arbitration fee of 17,000 yuan to the arbitration commission in advance, which shall be borne by the losing party after the case is concluded. The legal service person said that arbitration is final and the result is faster.

　　"I haven’t learned how to go through legal procedures. I only know that I have spent a lot of energy and money." In order to wait for the refund, Song Ming was exhausted.

　　This refund storm is still to be continued.

　　order of the president of the people’s republic of china

　　No.65

　　The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of the Yangtze River was adopted by the 24th session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee of the People’s Republic of China on December 26th, 2020, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of March 1st, 2021.

　　Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

　　December 26, 2020

　　Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Planning and Control

　　Chapter III Protection of Resources

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

　　Chapter V Restoration of Ecological Environment

　　Chapter VI Green Development

　　Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

　　Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to strengthening the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin, promoting the rational and efficient utilization of resources, ensuring ecological security, and realizing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

　　Article 2 This Law shall be observed in the protection and restoration of the ecological environment and in all kinds of production, living, development and construction activities in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The term "Yangtze River Basin" as mentioned in this Law refers to the relevant county-level administrative regions of Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Xizang Autonomous Region Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing City, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, as well as Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province, Henan Province, Guizhou Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province.

　　Article 3 In the economic and social development of the Yangtze River Basin, we should adhere to ecological priority and green development, and make great efforts to protect and not to develop. The protection of the Yangtze River should adhere to overall coordination, scientific planning, innovation-driven and systematic governance.

　　Article 4 The State shall establish a coordination mechanism for the Yangtze River basin, give unified guidance and overall coordination to the Yangtze River protection work, review major policies and plans for the Yangtze River protection, coordinate major issues across regions and departments, and supervise and inspect the implementation of the important work for the Yangtze River protection.

　　Article 5 The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall be responsible for implementing the decision of the national Yangtze River Basin coordination mechanism, and shall be responsible for the work related to the protection of the Yangtze River in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin shall carry out the responsibilities of protecting and restoring the ecological environment in their respective administrative areas, promoting the rational and efficient utilization of resources, optimizing the industrial structure and layout, and maintaining the ecological security of the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The heads of rivers and lakes at all levels in the Yangtze River basin are responsible for the protection of the Yangtze River.

　　Article 6 Relevant places in the Yangtze River Basin shall, according to needs, establish cooperation mechanisms in the formulation of local laws and government regulations, planning, supervision and law enforcement, etc., so as to jointly promote the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 7 The relevant departments in charge of ecological environment, natural resources, water administration, agriculture and rural areas and standardization in the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, establish and improve the standard systems of water environment quality and pollutant discharge, ecological environment restoration, water resource conservation and intensive utilization, ecological flow, biodiversity protection, aquaculture, disaster prevention and mitigation in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Article 8 The competent department of natural resources in the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments in the State Council, regularly organize surveys on the natural resources in the Yangtze River basin, such as land, minerals, water, forests, grasslands, wetlands, etc., establish a basic database of resources, carry out evaluation on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and announce the natural resources in the Yangtze River basin to the public.

　　The department in charge of wildlife protection in the State Council shall organize a general survey of wildlife and its habitat every ten years, or organize a special investigation according to the needs, establish a wildlife resource file, and announce the wildlife resources in the Yangtze River basin to the public.

　　The competent agricultural and rural departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the people’s governments at the corresponding levels, conduct biodiversity surveys on important habitats such as spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds and migration routes for aquatic organisms.

　　Article 9 The national coordination mechanism for the Yangtze River Basin shall coordinate the relevant departments of the State Council to improve the monitoring network system and monitoring information sharing mechanism for the ecological environment, resources, hydrology, meteorology, shipping and natural disasters in the Yangtze River Basin on the basis of established stations and monitoring projects.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, organize and improve the ecological environment risk reporting and early warning mechanism.

　　Article 10 The competent department of ecology and environment of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin, establish and improve the emergency linkage mechanism for sudden ecological and environmental incidents in the Yangtze River Basin, link up with the national emergency response system, and strengthen the emergency management of sudden ecological and environmental incidents in ships, ports, mines, chemical plants and tailings ponds in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 11 The State shall strengthen the construction of monitoring, forecasting, early warning, defense, emergency response and recovery and reconstruction systems for floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters and earthquakes in the Yangtze River basin, so as to improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation, resilience and relief.

　　Article 12 The National Yangtze River Basin Coordination Mechanism shall set up an expert advisory committee to organize professional institutions and personnel to carry out scientific and technical professional consultation on major development strategies, policies and plans of the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, organize the third-party assessment, analysis and demonstration of the impacts of Yangtze River Basin construction projects, important infrastructure and industrial layout planning on the Yangtze River Basin ecosystem.

　　Thirteenth national Yangtze River basin coordination mechanism to coordinate the relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level to establish and improve the Yangtze River basin information sharing system. The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the provisions, share information on the ecological environment, natural resources and management and law enforcement in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Fourteenth relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments should strengthen the publicity and education of ecological environment protection and green development in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The news media should take various forms to carry out publicity and education on ecological environment protection and green development in the Yangtze River basin, and supervise the illegal acts by public opinion according to law.

　　Article 15 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall take measures to protect the famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages in the Yangtze River Basin, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage in the Yangtze River Basin, and inherit and carry forward the excellent characteristic culture in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 16 The State encourages and supports units and individuals to participate in the activities of protecting and restoring the ecological environment, rationally utilizing resources and promoting green development in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the protection of the Yangtze River shall be commended and rewarded by the people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Chapter II Planning and Control

　　Article 17 The State shall establish a planning system for the Yangtze River basin under the guidance of national development planning, based on spatial planning, supported by special planning and regional planning, and give full play to the leading, guiding and restraining role of planning in promoting the ecological environment protection and green development of the Yangtze River basin.

　　Eighteenth the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall incorporate the protection of the Yangtze River into the national economic and social development plan.

　　The development and reform department of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, worked out the development plan of the Yangtze River Basin, scientifically coordinated the ecological environment protection and green development of the upper and lower reaches, left and right banks, main tributaries of the Yangtze River Basin, and implemented it after being approved by the State Council.

　　Water resources planning and ecological environment protection planning in the Yangtze River basin shall be compiled in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 19 The competent department of natural resources of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, organize the compilation of the land spatial planning of the Yangtze River Basin, scientifically and orderly arrange the functional spaces of ecology, agriculture and towns in the Yangtze River Basin, delimit the red line of ecological protection, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundaries, optimize the land spatial structure and layout, and guide the land spatial utilization tasks of the Yangtze River Basin, which shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council. The special planning involving the use of land and space in the Yangtze River Basin should be linked with the land and space planning in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall organize the compilation of the land spatial planning of their respective administrative areas, and implement it after being submitted for approval in accordance with the prescribed procedures.

　　Article 20 The State shall exercise use control over the land space in the Yangtze River Basin. The competent departments of natural resources of the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the land space planning, exercise zoning and classified use control over the land space of the Yangtze River Basin under their jurisdiction.

　　The development and utilization of land space in the Yangtze River Basin shall meet the requirements for the control of land space use and obtain planning permission according to law. The competent department of natural resources of the people’s government at or above the county level shall not apply for planning permission if it does not meet the requirements for the control of land and space use.

　　Twenty-first the State Council water administrative departments to co-ordinate the rational allocation, unified scheduling and efficient utilization of water resources in the Yangtze River basin, and organize the implementation of the total water intake control and consumption intensity control management system.

　　The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council shall, according to the water environment quality improvement objectives and water pollution prevention and control requirements, determine the total emission control indicators of key pollutants in the provincial administrative regions of the Yangtze River Basin. In the water functional areas where the water quality in the Yangtze River basin exceeds the standard, stricter requirements for reducing the total amount of pollutant discharge should be implemented. Enterprises and institutions shall, in accordance with the requirements, take measures to control the total discharge of pollutants.

　　The competent department of natural resources in the State Council is responsible for the overall planning and control of the total amount of new construction land in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Twenty-second people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, according to the ecological environment and the utilization of resources in their respective administrative areas, formulate the ecological environment zoning control scheme and the ecological environment access list, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment in the State Council for the record before implementation. Eco-environmental zoning control scheme and eco-environmental access list should be connected with national land spatial planning.

　　The industrial structure and layout of the Yangtze River basin should be adapted to the carrying capacity of the Yangtze River basin ecosystem and resources and environment. It is forbidden to lay out industries that have a serious impact on the ecosystem in key ecological function areas of the Yangtze River Basin. It is forbidden for heavily polluting enterprises and projects to transfer to the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Article 23 The State strengthens the management of the development and utilization of hydropower resources in the Yangtze River basin. Because of the national development strategy and the needs of the national economy and people’s livelihood, the construction of large and medium-sized hydropower projects in the Yangtze River basin shall be scientifically demonstrated and reported to the departments authorized by the State Council or the State Council for approval.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall organize classified rectification or take measures to gradually withdraw from the small hydropower projects built in the Yangtze River basin that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection.

　　Article 24 The state strictly protects the sources of the main stream and important tributaries of the Yangtze River, and establishes national parks and other nature reserves to protect the national ecological security barrier.

　　Twenty-fifth the State Council water administrative departments to strengthen the protection of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin. The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin are responsible for delineating the scope of management of rivers and lakes, and announcing it to the public, implementing strict protection of rivers and lakes, and prohibiting illegal occupation of rivers and lakes.

　　Article 26 The State shall exercise special control over the shoreline of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin. The National Yangtze River Basin Coordination Mechanism coordinates the departments of natural resources, water administration, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, transportation, forestry and grassland in the State Council, and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin to delimit the protection scope of river and lake shorelines, formulate protection plans for river and lake shorelines, strictly control the development and construction of shorelines, and promote the rational and efficient utilization of shorelines.

　　It is forbidden to build or expand chemical parks and chemical projects within one kilometer of the coastline of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River.

　　It is forbidden to build, rebuild or expand tailings ponds within three kilometers of the coastline of the main stream of the Yangtze River and within one kilometer of the coastline of important tributaries; However, the reconstruction for the purpose of improving safety and ecological environment protection is excluded.

　　Article 27 The transportation department of the State Council shall, jointly with the departments in charge of natural resources, water administration, ecological environment, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grassland of the State Council, scientifically delimit the prohibited navigation areas and restricted navigation areas in the important habitats of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River basin.

　　It is forbidden for ships to sail in the designated no-navigation areas. Because of the national development strategy and the needs of the national economy and the people’s livelihood, sailing in areas where navigation is prohibited in important habitats of aquatic organisms shall be agreed by the competent department of transportation in the State Council in consultation with the competent department of agriculture and rural areas in the State Council, and necessary measures shall be taken to reduce the interference to important aquatic organisms.

　　Strictly restrict the implementation of waterway regulation projects in the red line of ecological protection, nature reserves and important habitats of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River basin; If rectification is really necessary, it shall be scientifically demonstrated and relevant procedures shall be handled according to law.

　　Article 28 The State establishes a planning and licensing system for sand mining in the Yangtze River basin. Sand mining in the Yangtze River basin shall be licensed by the water administrative department of the State Council, the relevant river basin management institution or the water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level according to law.

　　The relevant river basin management agencies of the water administrative department of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River basin shall demarcate the sand-mining prohibition area and the sand-mining prohibition period according to law, and strictly control the sand-mining area, the total amount of sand-mining and the number of sand-mining vessels in the sand-mining area. It is forbidden to engage in sand mining activities in the prohibited sand mining areas and sand mining periods in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, organize the relevant local people’s governments in the Yangtze River basin and their relevant departments to carry out joint law enforcement work on illegal sand mining in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Chapter III Protection of Resources

　　Article 29 The protection and utilization of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin shall, according to the comprehensive planning of the basin, give priority to meeting the domestic water needs of urban and rural residents, guarantee the basic ecological water use, and make overall plans for agriculture, industrial water use and shipping.

　　Article 30 The relevant river basin management agencies of the water administrative department of the State Council, in consultation with the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River basin, shall formulate the inter-provincial river water allocation plan according to law, which shall be implemented after being approved by the department authorized by the State Council or the State Council. The opinions of the relevant departments of the State Council shall be sought for the formulation of the inter-provincial river water allocation scheme in the Yangtze River basin. The water administrative department of the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall formulate a water allocation plan for the Yangtze River Basin within its administrative region, which shall be implemented after being approved by the people’s government at the corresponding level.

　　According to the approved water allocation plan, the relevant river basin management organization of the water administrative department of the State Council or the water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level in the Yangtze River basin shall prepare the annual water allocation plan and dispatching plan, and specify the requirements for the control of the flow and water level of relevant river sections and control sections.

　　Article 31 The State shall strengthen the protection of ecological water use in the Yangtze River basin. The water administrative department of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, put forward the ecological flow control indicators of the main stream of the Yangtze River, important tributaries and important lake control sections. Other river and lake ecological flow control indicators shall be determined by the water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level in the Yangtze River basin in conjunction with the relevant departments of the people’s government at the corresponding level.

　　The relevant river basin management agencies of the water administrative department of the State Council shall incorporate the ecological water quantity into the annual water dispatching plan, ensure the basic ecological water demand of rivers and lakes, ensure the ecological flow in dry season and fish spawning period, the water quantity and water level of important lakes, and ensure the balance of salt and fresh water in the Yangtze River estuary.

　　Projects such as water conservancy, hydropower and shipping hubs in the main stream of the Yangtze River, important tributaries and the upper reaches of important lakes should incorporate ecological water dispatching into daily operation dispatching procedures, establish a conventional ecological dispatching mechanism, and ensure the ecological flow of rivers and lakes; If the discharge flow does not meet the requirements of ecological discharge, the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall put forward rectification measures and supervise the implementation.

　　Article 32 The relevant departments in the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin should take measures to speed up the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, promote the construction of dikes and flood storage and detention areas, improve the engineering standards for flood prevention, strengthen the joint dispatching of water projects, carry out river sediment observation and river regime investigation, establish flood control and disaster reduction engineering and non-engineering systems suitable for economic and social development, and improve the overall ability to prevent floods and droughts.

　　Article 33 The State shall conduct scientific demonstration and strengthen control and management of water transfer across the Yangtze River basin. The implementation of water transfer across the Yangtze River basin should give priority to ensuring the water safety and ecological safety of the transfer-out area and its downstream area, and coordinate the water demand of the transfer-out area and the transfer-in area.

　　Article 34 The State strengthens the protection of drinking water sources in the Yangtze River basin. The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with relevant departments of the State Council, formulate a list of drinking water sources in the Yangtze River basin. The water administrative department of the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the people’s government at the corresponding level, formulate a list of other drinking water sources in this administrative region.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin organize the delineation of drinking water source protection areas, strengthen the protection of drinking water sources and ensure the safety of drinking water.

　　Article 35 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall rationally arrange the water intakes of drinking water sources, formulate emergency plans for drinking water safety emergencies, strengthen the construction of standby emergency drinking water sources, and monitor the water environmental quality of drinking water sources in real time.

　　Article 36 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in Danjiangkou reservoir area and its upstream area shall, in accordance with the management requirements of drinking water source safety protection zone, water quality impact control zone and water conservation ecological construction zone, strengthen the overall protection of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, enhance the water conservation capacity, and ensure the stable water quality reaching the standard.

　　Article 37 The State strengthens the protection of groundwater resources in the Yangtze River basin. The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall regularly investigate and evaluate the groundwater resources, monitor the groundwater quantity, water level and water environment quality, and take corresponding risk prevention measures to ensure the safety of groundwater resources.

　　Thirty-eighth the State Council water administrative department in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council to determine the Yangtze River basin agricultural and industrial water efficiency targets, strengthen the construction of water metering and monitoring facilities; Improve the water resources demonstration system for planning and construction projects; Strengthen the water quota management of high water consumption industries and key water consumption units, and strictly control the construction of high water consumption projects.

　　Article 39 The State shall make overall plans for the construction of nature reserves in the Yangtze River Basin. The State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin have established national parks, nature reserves, natural parks and other nature reserves in the complete distribution areas of important typical ecosystems, sensitive areas of ecological environment, natural concentrated distribution areas of precious wild animals and plants, important habitats and important natural relics in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Fortieth the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the law, delimit public welfare forests in important ecological areas and ecologically fragile areas in the Yangtze River Basin and implement strict management. The state strictly protects natural forests in the Yangtze River basin and scientifically delineates key areas for natural forest protection.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin should strengthen the protection of grassland resources in the Yangtze River Basin, and strictly manage the basic grasslands with special functions such as regulating climate, conserving water, conserving soil and water, preventing wind and fixing sand.

　　The competent forestry and grassland authorities in the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the people’s government at the corresponding level, publish the list of national and local important wetlands and the scope of protection in the Yangtze River Basin according to the needs of different ecological locations, ecosystem functions and biodiversity protection, strengthen the protection and management of wetlands in the Yangtze River Basin, and maintain the ecological functions and biodiversity of wetlands.

　　Article 41 The competent department of agriculture and rural areas of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of the Yangtze River Basin, establish an evaluation system of aquatic organism integrity index in the Yangtze River Basin, organize the evaluation of aquatic organism integrity in the Yangtze River Basin, and take the results as an important basis for evaluating the overall situation of the Yangtze River Basin ecosystem. The integrity index of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River basin should be connected with the water environment quality standards in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Article 42 The competent agricultural and rural authorities in the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall formulate a plan for the protection of rare and endangered aquatic wildlife in the Yangtze River Basin, and give priority to the protection of rare and endangered aquatic wildlife in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The state encourages qualified units to carry out research on finless porpoises, baiji, paddlefish, Chinese sturgeon, Yangtze sturgeon, roe carp, Sichuan white turtle, Sichuan and Shaanxi hucho salmon, mullet, tong yu, scaly white turtle, Chinese herring and perch carp in the Yangtze River basin.

　　It is forbidden to breed and put exotic species or other non-native germplasm resources in the open waters of the Yangtze River basin.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

　　Article 43 The competent department of ecological environment in the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin shall take effective measures to strengthen the prevention and supervision of water pollution in the Yangtze River Basin, so as to prevent, control and reduce water pollution.

　　Forty-fourth the State Council ecological environment department is responsible for the development of water environment quality standards in the Yangtze River basin, and can make supplementary provisions for items not specified in the national water environment quality standards; More stringent regulations can be made on the items that have been stipulated in the national water environment quality standards. The opinions of the relevant departments of the State Council and the relevant provincial people’s governments shall be sought for the formulation of water environment quality standards in the Yangtze River basin. The people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin may formulate local water environment quality standards that are stricter than those in the Yangtze River Basin and report them to the competent department of ecological environment in the State Council for the record.

　　Article 45 The people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall supplement and formulate local standards for the discharge of water pollutants for characteristic industries and endemic pollutants that do not have national standards for the discharge of water pollutants, or for specific water pollution sources or water pollutants that are explicitly required by the state, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record.

　　Under any of the following circumstances, the people’s government at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall formulate local water pollutant discharge standards that are stricter than the national water pollutant discharge standards and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record:

　　(a) the industry is intensive and the water environment problem is outstanding;

　　(two) the existing water pollutant discharge standards can not meet the requirements of water environment quality in the Yangtze River basin under its jurisdiction;

　　(3) The water environment situation in a river basin or region is so complicated that it is impossible to apply uniform standards for the discharge of water pollutants.

　　Forty-sixth people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall formulate the control plan for total phosphorus pollution in their respective administrative areas and organize their implementation. For the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River where the production of phosphate rock and phosphate fertilizer is concentrated, the relevant provincial people’s governments should formulate stricter requirements for the control of total phosphorus emission and effectively control the total amount of total phosphorus emission.

　　Enterprises such as phosphate mining and processing, phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus-containing pesticide manufacturing shall take effective measures to control the total phosphorus emission concentration and total emission in accordance with the requirements of pollutant discharge permit; Monitor the total phosphorus in the sewage outlet and the surrounding environment, and disclose the monitoring information according to law.

　　Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall co-ordinate the construction of urban and rural centralized sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks in the Yangtze River Basin, ensure their normal operation, and improve the capacity of urban and rural sewage collection and treatment.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall organize the investigation and rectification of the sewage outlets of rivers and lakes in their respective administrative areas, clarify the responsible subjects, and implement classified management.

　　The construction, alteration or expansion of sewage outlets in rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin shall be reported to the competent department of ecological environment or the supervision and administration institution of ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin for approval in accordance with relevant state regulations. For water functional areas that fail to meet the water quality objectives, except for the sewage outlets of centralized sewage treatment facilities, new, modified or expanded sewage outlets should be strictly controlled.

　　Article 48 The State shall strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River basin. Agricultural production in the Yangtze River basin should scientifically use agricultural inputs, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promote the use of organic fertilizers, and scientifically dispose of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop straws.

　　Article 49 It is forbidden to dump, bury, pile up, abandon or treat solid waste within the management scope of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin. The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall strengthen joint prevention and control of illegal transfer and dumping of solid waste.

　　Article 50 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall organize investigation and evaluation of key groundwater pollution sources and surrounding groundwater environmental risks such as landfill sites, gas stations, mines, tailings ponds, hazardous waste disposal sites, chemical parks and chemical projects along the Yangtze River, and take corresponding risk prevention and remediation measures.

　　Article 51 The State shall establish a mechanism combining pollution liability insurance for ships transporting dangerous goods in the Yangtze River basin with financial guarantee. The specific measures shall be formulated by the transportation department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council.

　　It is forbidden to transport highly toxic chemicals on the water in the Yangtze River basin and other dangerous chemicals prohibited by the state from being transported by inland rivers. The transportation departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the people’s governments at the corresponding levels, strengthen the control over the transportation of dangerous chemicals in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Chapter V Restoration of Ecological Environment

　　Article 52 The state implements a systematic management of the ecosystem of the Yangtze River basin, which is based on natural restoration and combines natural restoration with artificial restoration. The competent department of natural resources of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, prepare the ecological environment restoration plan of the Yangtze River Basin, organize the implementation of major ecological environment restoration projects, and promote the ecological environment restoration work in the Yangtze River Basin as a whole.

　　Article 53 The State exercises strict fishing management in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. A total ban on productive fishing in the aquatic biological reserve in the Yangtze River basin; Within the time limit prescribed by the state, the productive fishing of natural fishery resources will be completely banned in key waters such as the main stream and important tributaries of the Yangtze River, large Tongjiang lakes and the designated areas at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent agricultural and rural authorities of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council.

　　The competent department of agriculture and rural areas of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of the Yangtze River basin, will strengthen the enforcement of the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River basin, and severely investigate and deal with fishing behaviors that destroy fishery resources and ecological environment, such as electric fish, poisonous fish and fried fish.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, do a good job in the compensation, production change and social security of fishermen who have retired from key waters in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Measures for the administration of fishing bans and restrictions in other waters of the Yangtze River Basin shall be formulated by local people’s governments at or above the county level.

　　Article 54 The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, formulate and organize the implementation of the restoration scheme for the connectivity of rivers and lakes in the main stream and important tributaries of the Yangtze River, and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin shall formulate and organize the implementation of the restoration scheme for the connectivity of rivers and lakes in their respective administrative areas, so as to gradually improve the connectivity of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, restore the ecological flow of rivers and lakes, and maintain the ecological functions of rivers and lakes.

　　Article 55 The National Yangtze River Basin Coordination Mechanism shall coordinate and coordinate the State Council’s departments of natural resources, water administration, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, transportation, forestry and grassland, and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin to formulate norms for the shoreline restoration of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River Basin and determine the shoreline restoration indicators.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the requirements of the protection planning, restoration norms and indicators of the river and lake shoreline in the Yangtze River Basin, formulate and organize the implementation of the river and lake shoreline restoration plan to ensure the proportion of natural coastline and restore the ecological functions of the river and lake shoreline.

　　It is forbidden to illegally use or occupy the coastline of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Article 56 The relevant departments of the State Council, together with the relevant provincial people’s governments in the Yangtze River Basin, will strengthen the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the water-level fluctuation zones in key reservoir areas such as the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, implement returning farmland to forests and grasslands according to local conditions, prohibit the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, scientifically regulate the water level of reservoirs, strengthen the water and soil conservation and the prevention and control of geological disasters in the reservoir areas, and ensure the good ecological functions of the water-level fluctuation zones.

　　Article 57 The competent forestry and grassland department of the local people’s government at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin is responsible for organizing and implementing the restoration plan of forests, grasslands and wetlands in the Yangtze River Basin, scientifically promoting the restoration of forests, grasslands and wetlands, and intensifying the restoration of degraded natural forests, grasslands and damaged wetlands.

　　Article 58 The State shall increase its support for ecological environment restoration in key lakes such as Taihu Lake, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall organize the restoration of the ecological environment of eutrophic lakes, and take comprehensive measures such as adjusting the scale of industrial layout, implementing unified dispatching of controlled water projects, ecological water replenishment, and connecting rivers and lakes to improve and restore the quality and function of lake ecosystems; For lakes where the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus seriously exceeds the standard, measures should be taken to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, prohibit the use of phosphorus-containing detergents, and comprehensively clean up feeding and fertilizing.

　　Article 59 The competent departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture and rural areas in the State Council shall formulate restoration plans and action plans for the wild animals and plants in the Yangtze River basin, which are rapidly declining or extremely endangered, and the habitats, natural concentrated distribution areas and broken typical ecosystems, build ex-situ protection facilities, establish a gene bank of wild animal and plant genetic resources, and carry out rescue restoration.

　　Ecological environment restoration and other protective measures should be implemented in important habitats such as spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds and migration routes of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River basin. Water-related projects that obstruct the migration of aquatic organisms such as fish should take various measures, such as building fish-crossing facilities, connecting rivers and lakes, ecological dispatching, irrigating rivers and receiving seedlings, gene preservation, proliferation and release, artificial breeding and so on, in combination with the actual situation, so as to fully meet the ecological requirements of aquatic organisms.

　　Article 60 The water administrative department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s government at the mouth of the Yangtze River, formulate and implement the ecological environment restoration and other protection measures at the mouth of the Yangtze River in accordance with the requirements of land-sea coordination and river-sea linkage, strengthen the comprehensive monitoring of water, sand, salt, tidal flat and biological population, take effective measures to prevent seawater intrusion and backflow, and maintain the good ecological function of the mouth of the Yangtze River.

　　Article 61 Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to prevent and control soil erosion in key prevention areas and key control areas of the Yangtze River Basin. The soil erosion plots within the red line of ecological protection are mainly natural restoration, and returning farmland to forests, grasslands and wetlands in a planned way according to regulations; Permanent basic farmland included in the core protection area of nature reserves shall be withdrawn in an orderly manner according to law and replenished.

　　It is forbidden to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology in the Yangtze River Basin. If it is really necessary to build because of the national development strategy and the national economy and people’s livelihood, it shall be scientifically demonstrated and the examination and approval procedures shall be handled according to law.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin should take comprehensive control measures to the rocky desertification land according to local conditions, repair the ecological system and prevent the spread of rocky desertification.

　　Article 62 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin should take measures such as eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters, land reclamation, restoring vegetation, and preventing and controlling pollution according to local conditions, speed up the restoration of the ecological environment of mines left over from history, strengthen the supervision and management of mines under construction and operation, and urge the mining right holders to earnestly fulfill their responsibilities of preventing and controlling mine pollution and restoring the ecological environment.

　　Article 63 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin shall, according to local conditions, support the implementation of ecological environment restoration and other protective measures in the source and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin in terms of projects, funds, talents and management, so as to enhance the ability of implementing ecological environment restoration and other protective measures in the ecologically fragile areas of the Yangtze River Basin.

　　In accordance with the principles of policy support, enterprise and social participation and market-oriented operation, the state encourages social capital to invest in ecological environment restoration in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Chapter VI Green Development

　　Article 64 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin shall adjust the industrial structure, optimize the industrial layout and promote the green development of the Yangtze River Basin in accordance with the requirements of the Yangtze River Basin development plan and the land and space planning.

　　Article 65 The local people’s governments at all levels in the State Council and the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall jointly promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the new urbanization strategy, make overall plans for urban and rural infrastructure construction and industrial development, establish and improve a basic public service system with universal coverage, inclusive sharing and urban-rural integration, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 66 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall promote the upgrading and transformation of industries such as steel, petroleum, chemicals, non-ferrous metals, building materials and ships, and raise the level of technology and equipment; Promote the clean transformation of enterprises such as papermaking, tanning, electroplating, printing and dyeing, non-ferrous metals, pesticides, nitrogen fertilizer, coking and raw material medicine manufacturing. Enterprises should reduce resource consumption and pollutant emissions through technological innovation.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall take measures to speed up the relocation and transformation of dangerous chemicals production enterprises in key areas.

　　Article 67 The relevant departments of the State Council shall, jointly with the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Basin, establish an assessment mechanism for the green development of development zones, and organize regular assessments on the conservation and intensive utilization of resources and energy and the protection of ecological environment in various development zones.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall optimize and adjust the industrial products, energy conservation and emission reduction measures in the Development Zone according to the evaluation results.

　　Article 68 The State encourages and supports the implementation of water-saving technological transformation in key industries and key water users in the Yangtze River basin to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin should strengthen the construction of water-saving cities and water-saving parks, promote the development of water-saving industries and enterprises, and accelerate the construction of a sponge city with natural accumulation, natural infiltration and natural purification of rainwater.

　　Article 69 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the requirements of green development, make overall planning, construction and management, improve the quality of urban and rural human settlements, and build beautiful towns and beautiful countryside.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall organize and implement toilet renovation according to local conditions in accordance with the principles of ecology, environmental protection, economy and practicality.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall strengthen the management of the use of building materials in new urban areas and various development zones, encourage the use of energy-saving and environmental-friendly building materials with high performance, and build underground utility tunnel and pipe networks.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall build an information platform for the comprehensive utilization of waste debris, strengthen the management of the collection, removal and centralized stacking of waste debris from production and construction activities, and encourage the comprehensive utilization.

　　Article 70 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall compile and organize the implementation of the tidal flat planning of aquaculture waters, rationally delimit the prohibited areas, restricted areas and aquaculture areas, and scientifically determine the scale and density of aquaculture; Strengthen the management of aquaculture inputs, guide and standardize aquaculture and proliferation activities.

　　Article 71 The State shall strengthen the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation system in the Yangtze River basin, improve the water transport infrastructure such as ports and waterways, promote the interconnection of transportation facilities, realize the organic connection between land and water, and realize the direct intermodal transport between rivers and seas, so as to enhance the function of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River.

　　Article 72 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall co-ordinate the construction of facilities for receiving, transporting and disposing pollutants from ships and liquefied natural gas filling stations from ships, formulate plans for the construction and renovation of port shore power facilities and ship power receiving facilities, and organize their implementation. Ships that have the conditions to use shore power should use shore power in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, except those that use clean energy.

　　Article 73 the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall provide financial support or policy support for the upgrading and reconstruction of ports, waterways and ships in the Yangtze River Basin, the construction of clean energy or new energy power ships such as liquefied natural gas power ships, and the green design of ports in accordance with regulations.

　　The State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin provide financial subsidies, preferential electricity prices and other policy support for the transformation and use of port shore power facilities and ship power receiving facilities in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 74 The local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin shall strengthen publicity and education on green consumption of urban and rural residents, and take effective measures to support and guide residents’ green consumption.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin, in accordance with the principles of systematic promotion, extensive participation, focusing on key points and classified policies, have taken measures such as recovering deposits, restricting the use of plastic products that are easy to pollute and are not easy to degrade, green design, and developing public transportation to promote a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle.

　　Chapter VII Guarantee and Supervision

　　Seventy-fifth the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin should increase financial input for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the principle of the division of financial powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments, arrange special funds for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin. The competent department of natural resources in the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of finance and ecological environment in the State Council, formulate policies and measures to rationally use social funds to promote the restoration of ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin.

　　The state encourages and supports scientific and technological research, development, popularization and application in the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin.

　　The state encourages financial institutions to develop green credit, green bonds, green insurance and other financial products to provide financial support for ecological environment protection and green development in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Article 76 The state establishes a compensation system for ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin.

　　The state has increased financial transfer payments to compensate important areas with ecological functions such as the source of the main stream and important tributaries of the Yangtze River and water conservation areas in the upper reaches. The specific measures shall be formulated by the finance department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council.

　　The state encourages the local people’s governments in the upper and lower reaches, the left and right banks and the main tributaries of the Yangtze River basin to carry out compensation for horizontal ecological protection.

　　The state encourages social funds to establish a market-oriented compensation fund for ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin; Encourage relevant subjects to carry out ecological protection compensation by means of voluntary consultation.

　　Article 77 The state strengthens the construction of judicial guarantee in the Yangtze River basin and encourages relevant units to provide legal services for the protection of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Administrative law enforcement organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in the process of investigating and handling illegal acts of Yangtze River protection or related cases according to law, find suspected criminal acts, and shall transfer the criminal clues to the organs with investigation and investigation powers.

　　Article 78 The state practices the responsibility system for ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River basin and the assessment and evaluation system. The people’s government at a higher level shall assess the completion of the ecological environment protection and restoration objectives of the people’s government at a lower level.

　　Article 79 Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the division of responsibilities, supervise and inspect all kinds of protection, development and construction activities in the Yangtze River Basin, and investigate and punish illegal acts such as destroying natural resources, polluting the environment and damaging the ecosystem of the Yangtze River Basin according to law.

　　Citizens, legal persons and unincorporated organizations have the right to obtain relevant information on the protection of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin according to law, and report and accuse illegal acts such as destroying natural resources, polluting the environment in the Yangtze River basin and damaging the ecosystem in the Yangtze River basin.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall disclose the information related to the ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River Basin according to law, improve the procedures for public participation, and provide convenience for citizens, legal persons and unincorporated organizations to participate in and supervise the ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 80 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin and their relevant departments shall jointly enforce the law on cross-administrative areas, ecologically sensitive areas, areas with high incidence of ecological and environmental violations and major illegal cases in the Yangtze River Basin.

　　Article 81 The relevant departments of the State Council and the people’s governments at the provincial level in the Yangtze River basin may interview the principal responsible persons of the local people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments in areas where the Yangtze River protection work is ineffective, the problems are prominent and the masses are concentrated, and ask them to take measures for timely rectification.

　　Eighty-second the State Council should regularly report to the NPC Standing Committee on the ecological environment and the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River basin.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Yangtze River Basin shall regularly report to the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the protection and restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin by the people’s governments at the corresponding levels.

　　Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Article 83 If the relevant departments in the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels in the Yangtze River valley and their relevant departments violate the provisions of this Law and commit any of the following acts, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning, demerit, serious demerit or demotion according to law; If serious consequences are caused, he shall be dismissed or expelled, and the main person in charge shall take the blame and resign:

　　(a) does not meet the requirements of administrative licensing, administrative licensing;

　　(two) according to the law should be ordered to suspend business, closure and other decisions have not been made;

　　(three) found illegal acts or received a report not to investigate and deal with according to law;

　　(four) other dereliction of duty, abuse of power, corruption.

　　Article 84 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent department to stop the illegal act, given a warning and fined between 10,000 yuan and 100,000 yuan according to the division of responsibilities; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed:

　　(a) the ship is sailing in the area where navigation is prohibited;

　　(2) Sailing in areas where navigation is prohibited in important habitats of aquatic organisms with consent, and failing to take necessary measures to reduce the interference to important aquatic organisms;

　　(three) water conservancy, hydropower, shipping hub and other projects have not included ecological water dispatching in the daily operation and dispatching procedures;

　　(four) the ship with the conditions for the use of shore power fails to use shore power in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Article 85 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, cultivates or releases exotic species or other non-native germplasm resources in the open waters of the Yangtze River Basin shall be ordered by the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level to catch them back within a time limit and be fined not more than 100,000 yuan; If serious consequences are caused, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed; If it fails to be recaptured within the time limit, the competent department of agriculture and rural affairs of the relevant people’s government shall recapture it or take measures to reduce the negative impact, and the expenses required shall be borne by the violator.

　　Article 86 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in productive fishing in the aquatic life protection zone in the Yangtze River basin, or engages in productive fishing of natural fishery resources during the fishing ban period in key waters such as the main stream and important tributaries of the Yangtze River, large Tongjiang lakes, and areas specified at the mouth of the Yangtze River, shall be confiscated by the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level, as well as fishing boats, fishing gear and other tools used for illegal activities, and shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan; Fishing by electric fish, poisonous fish, fried fish, etc., or if there are other serious circumstances, a fine of not less than 50 thousand yuan but not more than 500 thousand yuan shall be imposed.

　　Where the catch specified in the preceding paragraph is purchased, processed or sold, the agricultural and rural areas, market supervision and management departments of the people’s government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, confiscate the catch and its products and illegal income, and impose a fine of not less than ten times but not more than twenty times the value of the goods; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant production and business license shall be revoked or ordered to close down.

　　Article 87 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, illegally encroaches on the waters of rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River basin, or illegally uses or occupies the shoreline of rivers and lakes, shall be ordered by the water administrative department, natural resources department and other competent departments of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state. The expenses incurred shall be borne by the violator, the illegal income shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 88 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent department of ecological environment and natural resources of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state. The expenses incurred shall be borne by the violator, the illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 5 million yuan shall be imposed, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible persons. If the circumstances are serious, it shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to close down:

　　(1) Building or expanding chemical parks and chemical projects within one kilometer of the coastline of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River;

　　(two) new construction, renovation and expansion of tailings ponds within three kilometers of the coastline of the main stream of the Yangtze River and one kilometer of the coastline of important tributaries;

　　(three) production and construction activities in violation of the provisions of the ecological environment access list.

　　Article 89 Where an enterprise in the Yangtze River valley, such as phosphate mining and processing, phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus-containing pesticide manufacturing, violates the provisions of this Law and discharges phosphorus-containing water pollutants in excess of the discharge standards or total control targets, the competent department of ecology and environment of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to stop the illegal act and impose a fine of not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan, and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend production for rectification, or it shall be ordered to close down after being approved by the people’s government with the right of approval.

　　Article 90 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, transports highly toxic chemicals and other dangerous chemicals prohibited by the state from being transported by inland rivers on the Yangtze River basin shall be ordered by the transportation department of the people’s government at or above the county level or the maritime administrative agency to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income, and impose a fine of not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan, and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or revoke the relevant license.

　　Article 91 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in sand mining activities in the Yangtze River basin without obtaining a license according to law, or engages in sand mining activities in the sand mining prohibition area and during the sand mining prohibition period, shall be ordered by the relevant river basin management agency of the the State Council water administrative department or the water administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, confiscate the illegal income and the vessels, equipment and tools used for illegal activities, and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than twenty times the value of the goods; If the value of the goods is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of more than 200,000 yuan and less than 2 million yuan shall be imposed; If the river sand mining license has been obtained, the river sand mining license shall be revoked.

　　Article 92 Where this Law does not provide for administrative penalties for illegal acts such as destroying natural resources, polluting the environment and damaging the ecosystem of the Yangtze River Basin, the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply.

　　Article 93 The infringer shall bear the tort liability if he pollutes the environment and destroys the ecology of the Yangtze River basin and causes damage to others.

　　If the violation of state regulations causes damage to the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin, the state-stipulated organ or the organization prescribed by law has the right to request the infringer to bear the responsibility of repair, compensate the losses and related expenses.

　　Article 94 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 95 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

　　(1) The term "main stream of the Yangtze River" as mentioned in this Law refers to the main reach of the Yangtze River from its source to its mouth, which flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang Autonomous Region, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai;

　　(2) Tributaries of the Yangtze River mentioned in this Law refer to rivers that directly or indirectly flow into the main stream of the Yangtze River, and tributaries can be divided into first-class tributaries and second-class tributaries, etc.

　　(3) The important tributaries of the Yangtze River mentioned in this Law refer to tributaries with a basin area of over 10,000 square kilometers, among which the first-class tributaries with a basin area of over 80,000 square kilometers include Yalong River, Minjiang River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Xiangjiang River, Yuanjiang River, Hanjiang River and Ganjiang River.

　　Article 96 This Law shall come into force as of March 1, 2021.

　　(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 26th)

　　The US independent investigation website "Interception" recently revealed that the affiliated institutions of the US Department of Defense had intervened in the public opinion cognition of the Middle East by manipulating topics and deceptive propaganda on social media Twitter, and continued to promote narratives beneficial to the United States and its allies. This is another example of American and Western governments using social media platforms to spread false information and manipulate international public opinion.

　　"White list" account of "wanton rampage"

　　Its content is more likely to get traffic.

　　According to the internal documents obtained from Twitter by Lee Fang, an investigative reporter of Interception website, in July 2017, Nathaniel Keller, an official of the Central Command, one of the Joint Operations Commandments under the Pentagon, sent a form to the Twitter public policy team, which was marked with 52 Arabic accounts.

　　Kale said at the time that these accounts belonged to the US government and posted "related security issues" on Twitter. Kale asked Twitter to give priority to six of these accounts, and one account was dedicated to promoting the U.S. drone attack on Yemen. For example, the U.S. drone attack was "accurate" and killed terrorists rather than civilians.

　　Other accounts in the form focus on promoting militia groups supported by the United States in Syria and anti-Iranian information in Iraq. Many accounts focus on a topic in one field, while others change the topic content regularly.

　　According to Kale’s request, Twitter put these Arabic accounts on the "white list" in order to "enlarge some information".

　　Lee Fang learned from an engineer on Twitter that putting an account on Twitter’s "white list" is basically equivalent to obtaining platform "blue label authentication", which can avoid being marked as "spam" or "account abuse" and its content is more likely to get traffic.

　　Lee Fang found that the Pentagon did not shy away from the connection with these accounts at first, but later began to change its strategy and became secretive, deleting all the information that could reflect the relationship between the accounts and the Pentagon.

　　Lee Fang pointed out that Twitter has always claimed to "identify and block secret information activities and deceptive propaganda supported by the government on its platform", but behind the scenes, the social media provided "approval and protection" for the US military’s public opinion intervention. Although it is known that these accounts in the Pentagon use fake identities, Twitter has not shut down these accounts for at least two years, and some accounts are still active today.

　　Invited Twitter and Facebook executives.

　　Discuss how to cover up the covert propaganda on the Pentagon’s Internet.

　　According to internal emails, Twitter executives and lawyers publicly discussed the covert propaganda actions of the Pentagon in 2020, and also shared another list of 157 undisclosed Pentagon accounts, which also focused on military issues in the Middle East.

　　According to New York Post, the Pentagon had previously invited Twitter and Facebook executives to attend a confidential meeting in a sensitive information isolation facility, and one of the main topics discussed was how to cover up the Pentagon’s covert propaganda activities on the Internet. After Musk acquired Twitter, he handed over the company’s previous internal discussion records and other documents to "independent journalists" for release to expose "the company’s past bad behavior".

　　The US Central Command did not directly respond to Lee Fang’s revelations, but forwarded the statement made by a Pentagon spokesman in September this year, who said that they were reviewing "military information support activities".

　　In order to expand the effect of public opinion manipulation

　　Accounts in each group often "act together"

　　The rise and development of Internet and social media provide a new environment and means for the American government to influence public opinion.

　　In August this year, a report jointly released by the Network Observation Room of Stanford University and Grafica Research Company, a social network analysis organization, showed that there was a "network of accounts that were interrelated and used deceptive strategies to promote pro-Western narratives in the Middle East and Central Asia" on mainstream western social media such as Twitter, Facebook and "photo wall". These accounts participated in "a series of secret propaganda offensives that lasted for nearly five years" and "continued to promote narratives that benefited the interests of the United States and its allies and opposed Russia, China and Iran".

　　The researchers concluded that some of these accounts are obviously related to the "cross-regional network initiative" of the US Department of Defense. The "Cross-regional Network Initiative" was initiated by the US Special Operations Command in 2008. It used a series of websites to influence public opinion and provide "information support" for US military operations.

　　These accounts are divided into different groups according to the countries and regions where the target audience is located. In order to expand the effect of public opinion manipulation, each group account often "acts in concert" and even posts automatically at certain intervals.

　　The customary rumors of these accounts include: using photos generated by theft, tampering or artificial intelligence as avatars; Issue highly consistent content at the same time with false identities such as "independent media" and "local residents"; Stir up rumors by adding labels and forwarding petitions. In order to concoct "hot topics", these accounts are highly active and concentrated in posting in some cases. The most typical case is that before and after the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, Central Asian groups posted nearly 200 posts a day, exaggerating Russia’s so-called "threat" to Central Asian countries.

　　These accounts often forward news from pro-Western media, American embassies and consulates abroad, the US military, etc., and sometimes deliberately package the forwarded fake news as original, or link with other related accounts and websites.

　　Eric sperling, executive director of just foreign policy, an anti-war organization in the United States, pointed out that if the Pentagon is shaping its understanding of the overseas role of the US military, it is deeply worrying, and if private enterprises also help to cover up these activities, the situation will be even worse. Congress and social media companies should investigate and take action to let American citizens know that their taxes are used to "positively publicize" the endless war in the United States. According to Xinhua News Agency

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　　400 kilometers away in space, a yellow top appeared in the lens. Astronaut Wang Yaping’s voice sounded: "Space exploration is endless." On December 9, the "Tiangong Classroom" started. Shenzhou 13 astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu gave space lectures at the China Space Station.

　　At the other end of the lens, hundreds of millions of people watched this exquisite live space class — — This is a moment that makes the China People’s Liberation Army astronauts feel proud, and it is also a moment that makes hundreds of millions of people deeply proud.

　　On the same day, this newspaper published two warm thoughts — —

　　At the Chaguola post at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, officers and men drank deep well water from underground, bidding farewell to the history that only snow water could be taken during the closing period; In a plateau training ground, the superior connected the network for the officers and men in training, and Staff Sergeant Li Zhengyuan could video with his wife Bao Lijuan when he returned from patrol.

　　Crossing mountains and rivers is happiness.

　　From deep space to ordinary families, from the northern Tibetan plateau to the frontier fortress of Xiqiao, a little warmth has gathered into a happy moment in the hearts of China soldiers. With the development of the times and social progress, the footprints of struggle are full of happiness.

　　A drop of water refracts the light of the sun. A person’s happiness reflects a group of people’s sense of gain and values. In this year, the warm hearts of China soldiers gathered into smiling faces, which were as dazzling as stars in the sky of the new era.

　　Warm heart, soldiers’ experience of happiness and gain.

　　A frozen potato was passed in the hands of a group of soldiers in the snow.

　　Cold and hunger, this is the "suffering glory" experienced by soldiers in China more than 70 years ago.

　　On September 30, 2021, the day before the National Day holiday, the sun was warm. Many people went into the cinema to watch The Battle at Lake Changjin’s touching stories, which made everyone shed tears.

　　That "coldest winter", the bravery and fearlessness of China soldiers were deeply imprinted in people’s hearts. Due to the lack of winter equipment, especially cotton-padded clothes, tens of thousands of volunteers of the 9 th Corps, which was ordered to enter the DPRK for emergency, were frostbitten.

　　Time flies. Now, with the improvement of our army’s logistics support capability, such a history is gone forever.

　　In the past few days, the lowest temperature of many plateau garrison points in the west has been as low as MINUS 20 or 30 degrees Celsius. Liao Tengqiang, the squad leader of a certain unit of the Xinjiang Military Region, patrolled in the snow and was not afraid of the cold.

　　Warm in your heart and wear it on your body. Before winter, another batch of new cold-proof suits were distributed to border guards. Electric heating function, quick-drying and refreshing fabric … … Comrades patrol duty in Xue Hai with warm heart protection.

　　The Logistics Support Department of the Military Commission and the Joint Logistics Support Force pay close attention to the security of border guards and soldiers, tackle key problems and develop new types of clothing, and distribute front-line troops in the cold winter. These new types of cold-proof quilts are specially tailored for plateau officers and soldiers.

　　Tsering Ba, the fourth-level sergeant of Gamba Border Battalion in Xizang Military Region, was very happy to receive a brand-new pair of "electric heating kneepads". The veteran once injured his right knee in a mission a few years ago. He felt dull pain in winter, and he had to soak it in a hot water bottle for several days every time he returned from patrol.

　　"With electric heating kneepads, electric heating gloves and electric heating insoles, I ‘ Old injury ’ Never committed it again this year. Ensure that it is warm to the heart and warm to the body, and our plateau soldiers have ‘ Warm quadratic ’ 。”

　　Warm heart comes from the science and precision of guarantee. This year, the "warm-hearted mode" was opened in the application mode of being installed — — The whole army promoted the new model of accurate application for equipment, and officers and men applied for new equipment on demand through the platform of accurate application for equipment in the military comprehensive network.

　　Not long ago, Zhang Guifeng, a brigade sergeant of the 72nd Army, "placed an order online" on the same day, and received the packed package the next day. Nowadays, when entering the military camps, the supply mode of "distributing what to wear" has become a thing of the past; "Take what you need" has become a new choice for officers and men.

　　Warm heart is a view of happiness, which comes from the respect of the whole society for the military profession.

　　This summer, due to the acute illness of the elderly at home, Xiao Li, a soldier stationed in Nanjing, had to return home on the same day. After signing the note, he couldn’t buy a train ticket for that day. In desperation, Xiao Li rushed to the station with a backpack on his back, and then went to the exclusive service desk of the military family in the station to "try his luck".

　　"Get on the bus first and then make up the ticket!" Looking at a sad-looking comrade-in-arms, Tanggang, a representative of a certain army, quickly inquired about the train schedule, issued a supplementary ticket for the latest train, and sent Xiao Li of anxious to return to the high-speed rail … …

　　In this year, in order to ensure the smooth travel of military personnel and their families, the relevant departments of the Logistics Support Department of the Military Commission, local governments and transportation departments have successively issued policies to provide preferential transportation services for military personnel and their accompanying relatives in the fields of aviation, railways, waterways and highways nationwide.

　　Giving priority to the law is the social recognition and praise of the professional value of military personnel. From June 30 this year, active servicemen can take urban rail transit free of charge in Chengdu with valid certificates. On July 29th, Beijing officially issued an "electronic military support card" to the officers and men stationed in Beijing and related special care recipients. Servicemen can register and apply for it only by operating their personal mobile phones, and enjoy the free services of public transportation such as buses and subways in Beijing … …

　　Warm your heart and blossom everywhere. With the implementation of the Law on the Protection of Soldiers’ Status and Rights and Interests, various welfare benefits will be introduced one after another, and there will be more and more warm feelings around soldiers, which will bear fruitful results.

　　Peace of mind, the interpretation of happiness and expectation by military families

　　Family, soft care in the hearts of soldiers.

　　This year, many grass-roots officers and men participated in training or carrying out tasks outside, and in many cases, "they can’t go home." This year, "you are stationed in the distance, and I am watching in my hometown" has become a deep-rooted miss of the military wife.

　　At the beginning of the year, Hao Hao, a soldier in Yunnan, suddenly suffered from acute myocarditis and was in critical condition. The military medical system launched a life-and-death rescue — — Three doctors from the Seventh Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital went to Kunming, Yunnan, and escorted the military baby Hao Hao to take the high-speed train. After 13 hours, they crossed 2,600 kilometers and arrived at the Pediatric Medicine Department of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in time.

　　This is the lift of life and the watch of happiness — — After surgical treatment, the military baby Hao Hao turned the corner, recovered and was discharged one month later, and the military family returned to a quiet life. Full of gratitude, Hao Hao’s mother said that her child was safe and she was very at ease.

　　Peace of mind is a military wife’s interpretation of a happy life. Peace of mind comes from the affirmation that the security policies of military families are becoming more and more perfect.

　　The Notice on Adjusting the Medical Security of Military Personnel and Their Families issued on April 13, 2019 clarifies that all children of military personnel under the age of 18 are included in the military medical security. Since then, the military baby has been treated in a military hospital and has been given preferential treatment and priority protection.

　　At the end of this year, the Interim Provisions on the Guarantee of Medical Treatment for Soldiers and Military Related Personnel was promulgated. This new regulation on medical treatment, which came into effect on January 1, 2022, extends the scope of free medical security services to military spouses and minor children, and parents of officers and non-commissioned officers and their spouses enjoy preferential medical care, thus rallying the morale of the military for preparing for war.

　　Under the guidance of the policy, the military medical system has strengthened its awareness of serving the military, and continued to expand high-quality medical security services to remote grass-roots units and to the forefront of preparation for war — —

　　On the southeast coast, the Naval Medical University organized an academician expert medical team to go deep into the naval forces in the eastern theater to carry out medical rounds, with a journey of more than 2,000 kilometers, covering three major naval arms: surface ships, submarines and aviation;

　　Northwest Gobi, Xining Joint Logistics Support Center sent medical support teams to carry out health check-ups, consult and deliver medicines for officers and soldiers stationed in training, and teach medical knowledge such as disease prevention and treatment, emergency handling, etc.

　　On the border of northern Xinjiang, Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center sent an "island medical team" to board the island reef with advanced instruments, equipment and medicines, and made careful diagnosis and treatment for the officers and men guarding the island.

　　From the field of health to housing security, the peace of mind of military personnel and their families comes from the expansion and improvement of their security capabilities.

　　Not long ago, military wife Huang Ying and her husband Wang Lixin, who served in the army, ended their eight-year separation and moved into a newly-built apartment building of a brigade of the 71st Army of the Army. The couple were very happy to live in a spacious and bright three-bedroom and one-bedroom apartment.

　　In May this year, the relevant departments of the Logistics Support Department of the Military Commission standardized and standardized the interior decoration of military apartments, and conducted pilot projects in different types of troops of the whole army. Newly renovated apartments have been built in various places, and officers and soldiers and their families have moved into spacious and bright "new homes".

　　In early December, a brigade of the 83rd Army carried out a comprehensive renovation of the apartment according to the "renovation list" put forward by officers and men. Rooms equipped with home appliances are particularly warm, and the army also builds rooms for the elderly, children and newlyweds according to different military families.

　　This is the interpretation of peace of mind by soldiers and their families — —

　　"Real peace of mind is a kind of motivation, a kind of motivation that allows us to consciously take root in the front line and devote ourselves to training and preparing for war." A second-class master sergeant said this.

　　"Real peace of mind is a promise. As a soldier’s wife, we have to hold up a sky for our lover." A military wife said.

　　Confidence, continuously accumulating confidence for winning.

　　Looking back at the smoke of war, when people lamented the spiritual monument cast by the volunteers, they also lamented the backward logistics supply at that time. Some netizens commented: "The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea played a national prestige. But if the volunteers can eat well and wear warm clothes, what kind of glory will the results be? "

　　History cannot be assumed, but today’s people’s army has given a powerful answer to the question of this era.

　　In the northwest plateau, dozens of vehicles of a brigade combat support battalion of the Army are equipped with high-speed maneuvers. After arriving at the rest area, Wang Zhenbin, the squad leader of the cooking class, took his comrades-in-arms and brought steaming meals down from the newly installed plateau cooking car.

　　"The new plateau cooking car can cook while maneuvering, and it also realizes automatic vegetable cutting and kneading." Seeing his comrades wolfing down hot meals, Wang Zhenbin was filled with happiness.

　　In the past, many troops stationed in plain areas have installed new cooking vehicles to prepare meals while marching, and each vehicle can prepare four dishes and one soup for 300 officers and men.

　　This year, the improved new plateau cooking car was distributed to plateau troops.

　　Wang Zhenbin told the reporter: "The improved new plateau cooking car adopts advanced combustion technology, which can work in an environment above 4,500 meters above sea level, optimizing the food support mode and maneuverability, so that officers and men can better adapt to the future plateau battlefield."

　　This report published in this newspaper is like a response to history: nowadays, no matter how cold and harsh the environment is, no matter how long the March is, our army’s field cooking guarantee can ensure that officers and men have enough to eat.

　　"Eat combat effectiveness" is definitely not just a slogan. "Good food is worth half an instructor" is definitely an experience that can stand the test.

　　After the successful development of a new generation of field food, it has been distributed to the whole army in batches. Since the beginning of this year, more and more troops have included a new generation of field food in their training programs in an attempt to create a "stomach adapted to the battlefield."

　　"The variety is richer and the taste is better. The new generation of field food allows officers and men to eat well in any battlefield environment." In the exercise organized by a synthetic brigade, officers and men tried to eat a new generation of field food for several days in a row, and their mental strength, physical strength and reaction were not reduced or passivated.

　　More importantly, for several days in succession, the troops "didn’t make a fire, cook a meal, stir-fry a dish or cook a pot of soup". The new generation of field food has greatly reduced the time, manpower, materials and transportation spent by the troops on food security, and the comprehensive combat benefits have been significantly improved.

　　In the process of building "war logistics", gratifying changes followed — —

　　This year, according to the mission area rather than the service division, the starry sky camouflage was installed to speed up the distribution of troops. Plateau officers and men dressed in desert version of starry camouflage uniforms are almost integrated with the mountains behind them and the Gobi at their feet; The officers and men of the special operations unit of the Marine Corps wear jungle camouflage and carry out covert tactical assault, which ensures the battlefield survival rate and mission success rate … …

　　This year, the relevant departments of the Logistics Support Department of the Military Commission instructed relevant units to carry out field barracks pilot projects. The "team-type field camp" explored and built by Guilin Joint Logistics Support Center in the mountainous jungle and the "inflatable field camp" built by Xining Joint Logistics Support Center in the western plateau have achieved the goals of rapid withdrawal, complete functions and convenient living for officers and men.

　　This new change in logistics support, which continues to extend to the forefront of preparation for war, has enhanced the spirit and happiness of officers and men, and further strengthened their confidence in winning. This is also the goal of continuous optimization and development of logistics support — — Everything is for fighting, and we are fully committed to winning.

　　Logistics is born of war, and it is guaranteed for war. This truth, which has been repeatedly proved in the history of war, is getting new development in the logistics practice of the people’s army.

　　Logistics is not behind, and the tide is surging. We have reason to believe that with the increasing happiness brought by logistics support to officers and men, our army has more and more confidence to win the future battlefield.

　　Figure 1: A soldier smiles when he walks off the training ground. Fig. 2: A military baby receives a physical examination in a group army hospital of the Army; Figure ③: The reunion moment of a military father and son; Figure ④: Officers and men of a plateau post share their "stone paintings".

　　Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, August 11th (Reporter Li Xiongying) Affected by extreme weather, some areas in Guangdong suffered from drought in the first half of this year, with a rare "drought in the north and drought in the south". Guangdong Water Conservancy Department scientifically dispatches three major reservoirs and other water storage facilities in the basin, finely controls the flow of Dongjiang River, effectively ensures the water supply safety of nearly 50 million people in Dongjiang water receiving area, especially for Hong Kong, and fully implements the newly signed water supply agreement between Guangdong and Hong Kong.

　　According to the Guangdong Provincial Water Resources Department, since last autumn, the Dongjiang River Basin has suffered from drought in autumn, winter, spring and summer, and the minimum total inflow of Xinfengjiang, Fengshuba and Baipenzhu reservoirs in the basin has been 63 cubic meters/second. From January to July, 2021, the rainfall in the basin was 691.1 mm, which was the least recorded in the same period since 1963, and it was also the biggest drought in Dongjiang basin since the completion of Dongshen Water Supply Project.

　　In the face of severe drought and severe water supply situation in Dongjiang River Basin, Guangdong has made scientific dispatch by carefully dispatching the three major reservoirs in Dongjiang River Basin, dynamically adjusting Dongjiang flow control targets, sending special personnel to supervise and implement dispatching instructions on site, and optimizing the operation mode of water conservancy projects. According to statistics, in the first half of this year, the Dongshen Water Supply Project supplied 470 million cubic meters of water to Hong Kong, a significant increase over the same period last year, effectively meeting the production and domestic water demand of Hong Kong compatriots.

　　According to the Water Resources Department of Guangdong Province, in order to ensure the safety of water supply to Hong Kong, the governments of Guangdong and Hong Kong signed a new water supply agreement at the end of 2020, which provided an effective basis and guarantee for water supply safety and implemented a dynamic water supply regulation mechanism for water supply to Hong Kong. At the same time, in order to alleviate Hong Kong’s difficulties in coping with the epidemic, Guangdong agreed to the special arrangement of collecting water charges receivable in 2021 according to the 2020 water charges standard.

　　With the recent increase of rain brought by typhoon, the recharge capacity of the three major reservoirs in Dongjiang River basin began to increase, and the drought that lasted for nearly one year was slightly alleviated. After full implementation of fine dispatching, it survived the most difficult period for the time being. At present, the Water Resources Department of Guangdong Province is guiding and organizing Dongjiang Bureau to take measures, seize the opportunity to gradually recharge the water volume of the three major reservoirs of Dongjiang, cope with the possible drought in the future, and make every effort to ensure the safety of water supply in the basin.

　　Cctv news(Focus Interview): With the gradual extinction of the Olympic flame, the 32nd Summer Olympic Games ended in Tokyo on August 8th. Although the epidemic in COVID-19 was still raging, the virus could not attack high morale. In 16 days, tens of thousands of athletes worked together to create a new history. From July 24th, when Yang Qian shot the first gold medal, to August 8th, when Li Qian won the silver medal, the delegation of China performed well, winning 38 gold medals, 32 silver medals and 18 bronze medals. China athletes’ indomitable spirit of fighting hard and courageously striving for the first place makes people relish, and their self-confidence and calmness inside and outside the stadium are even more eye-catching.

　　The Tokyo Olympic Games has come to an end, and the shouts of the live commentators who are often so passionate that they almost scream during the games still linger in the hearts of many Chinese. At the Tokyo Olympic Games, the China Legion frequently reported that "we won" was the most exciting sentence this summer.

　　At the Tokyo Olympic Games, both the fledgling teenagers and the battle-hardened veterans struggled hard and made the five-star red flag rise again and again.

　　Fighting for honor and for the motherland is a firm oath in the hearts of athletes. Behind the honor and achievements are their efforts and struggles for countless years. It is hard to imagine that this is the palm of a group of young girls. Because of the hard training of the rowing team day after day, the girls have worn blood bubbles on their hands, and they have pierced the blood bubbles and continued to practice, forming these calluses over time.

　　Now these calluses have already become medals for their struggle for the motherland. Chen Yunxia, Zhang Ling, Lv Yang and Cui Xiaotong began to equip boats in 2019, and their debut was the peak, and they almost maintained a total victory record all the way. On the morning of July 28th, in the women’s rowing quadruple sculls final of Tokyo Olympic Games, four girls made great achievements again. In the final sprint, amazing pictures appeared, and China won the gold medal with an advantage of 6.23 seconds ahead of the second place.

　　Tokyo Olympic Games is the fourth time that Gong Lixiao has stood on the Olympic Games. For athletes, 32 years old is no longer young. In the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games, Gong Lixiao won the second and third place respectively, but all of them failed to stand on the podium by mistake. In 2016, she participated in the Rio Olympic Games with confidence, but unexpectedly lost. She calmed down for a long time before she stood up again.

　　2021 is the 21st year of Gong Lixiao’s shot put training. Although her dream road is tortuous, Gong Lixiao, who struggled hard in the Olympic Games, finally won her own gold medal with an absolute advantage of 0.79 meters over the second place in the shot put final.

　　Not abandoning or giving up is the common insistence behind every medal, but the most touching moment of the Olympic Games is not just winning the gold medal. The athletes’ struggle and challenge, every breakthrough and transcendence are the best interpretations of the Olympic spirit.

　　In 9.83 seconds, Su Bingtian became the first Chinese to break into the Olympic men’s 100m final, which was not only his best personal achievement, but also set a new Asian record. From 9.99 seconds in 2015, to 9.92 seconds, to 9.90 seconds, and finally ran into 9.83 seconds of the Tokyo Olympic Games. Breakthrough is always Su Bingtian’s eternal belief. Although he didn’t have a medal, he became the most eye-catching breakthrough in the Tokyo Olympics, and there were countless "circles" in the world.

　　NBC Olympic Report Account: "What an amazing achievement! Su Bingtian ran 9.83 seconds and won the first place in the men’s 100-meter semi-final group. " Some netizens praised him: "The pride of Asians! Congratulations! " The host Japanese netizen also wrote: "Su Bingtian, thanks for your hard work! I fully see the possibility of Asia in this project! Thank you for your wonderful performance, hard work! "

　　Not only in Su Bingtian, but also in Tokyo Olympic Games, "breakthrough" has always been the key word of China Legion. Zeng Wenhui, a 16-year-old teenager, reached the final in the women’s street competition of skateboarding, becoming the first person to appear in the Olympic skateboarding event in China history; China women’s rugby sevens team entered the quarter-finals, creating the best result of China team in this project; Bi Kun won the bronze medal in the men’s RS:X windsurfing competition, creating the best record of China team in this event in the Olympic Games; Wang Chunyu became the first China athlete to reach the women’s 800m final of the Olympic Games.

　　The Olympic spirit has never been just competition and hard work. Outside the stadium, the respect and encouragement, friendship and unity among athletes are the most vivid manifestations of the Olympic spirit. On July 30th, in the women’s windsurfing RS:X medal competition, China’s Lu Xiuyun jumped into the water after winning the championship and hugged other players. On August 1st, after the women’s 4× 100m medley relay, Zhang Yufei didn’t leave, waiting for the fight against leukemia and insisting on training to return to the Olympic Games, and gave her a big hug. On August 2nd, in the badminton women’s doubles final, Indonesian players were so excited that they burst into tears. Jia Yifan and Chen Qingchen took the initiative to congratulate and hug their opponents.

　　Some netizens commented: This is the sportsmanship; This is what the Olympics want to convey; There is a pattern, China girls are really great!

　　In the Olympic Games, veterans in their thirties are still fighting in the arena, and teenagers after 00 have also stood out and made their mark. They have the first gold medal in China, and the calm and calm Tsinghua Xueba Yang Qian; Milk sounds like milk, but the "surprise attack" combination after 00 is unambiguous; Chinese textbook diving made the 14-year-old boy who held his breath in the world all red. At the Tokyo Olympic Games, many young people born after 00 have cut through thorns, which not only surprised the world, but also made the future of China sports promising.

　　Every persistence is worth cheering, and every breakthrough is worth celebrating. Thank you, everyone who works hard is our pride!

　　The Tokyo Olympic Games, which was postponed for one year, was successfully held after overcoming many difficulties. Under the epidemic situation, how to run the Beijing Winter Olympics well? During the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, BOCOG sent 34 observers to Tokyo in four batches to learn from the experience of Beijing Winter Olympics.

　　Because of the need of epidemic prevention and control, the time of this observer mission was tight, the task was heavy, and the place it went was limited, but everyone watched it carefully, listened attentively and found it carefully all the way.

　　It is essential to improve the service quality and level by means of science and technology in hosting the Olympic Games under the epidemic situation. Therefore, the investigation and study of science and technology is the focus of this observer mission.

　　Whether the epidemic prevention and control is in place is an important prerequisite for successfully hosting the Olympic Games. The experience that has been tested in the Olympic Games can provide practical reference for the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee. At present, during the Tokyo Olympic Games, two batches of observer missions of the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee have completed their inspection. When the heads of the two missions were asked about their feelings, they all said two words: confidence. For China, hosting the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games is hard-won and of great significance.

　　With the Tokyo Olympic Games coming to an end, the world’s attention is turning to the Beijing Winter Olympics.

　　At the end of the grand event, one flash moment becomes eternity. The spirit of Olympic athletes to challenge the limit, surpass themselves and fight for their dreams is touching. Their high fighting spirit, tenacious style and superb skills have vividly interpreted the Olympic spirit and the Chinese sports spirit, and realized the life oath of "the mission is on the shoulder and the struggle is with me". They let the world see a more open and inclusive China, and they also made the world look forward to Beijing time in half a year. On the day of beginning of spring next year, the flame of the Winter Olympics will be lit in Beijing. By then, China in the new era will surely contribute a simple, safe and wonderful Winter Olympics to the world!