The skull of the cave bear discovered by the researchers is much larger than that of the existing brown bear. Image source: Science Progress website

　　Most people may have heard of the extinction of mammoth mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, bighorn deer and other giant fauna in Eurasia during the thrilling extinction event of the Ice Age, but they are not necessarily familiar with cave bears with a body width of 1.7 meters, a body length of 3.5 meters and a weight of more than one ton.

　　Ursus spelaeus is a kind of bear that lived in the northern part of Eurasia in Pleistocene. It became extinct about 20,000 years ago. Because its fossils were mostly found in caves, it was named "Cave Bear". In many famous caves, almost all the bones of the cave bear have been found. It was also found in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China, and it was the two giant bears in the Pleistocene with the giant short-faced bear.

　　Whether the cave bear is a vegetarian or a carnivore, and what is the relationship between the "recipe" of this behemoth and its extinction, the scientific community has always had different opinions. In recent 40 years, through the research on the level of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears, some scientists think that they are herbivores because they like tender grass, grass roots and strawberries. Some scientists believe that they also hunted some animals, even humans at that time, which should be carnivores. Recently, a famous international journal, Scientific Progress, published a paper saying that scientists gave a biomechanical explanation to the eating habits of cave bears through computer simulation, and put forward a brand-new view that "chewing leads to the functional degradation of sinus and other systems, and then the skull becomes smaller, which may lead to the extinction of cave bears" through the relationship between chewing exercise and skull development.

　　Viewpoint 1: Plants wither and starve to death due to falling temperature.

　　Three years ago, Yukichi Naito of the University of Tubingen, Germany, found that the content of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears was low, with strong jaws and large flat teeth, and only dense vegetation grew around their residence. All this shows that cave bears are herbivores. This special diet is the reason why the cave bear became extinct more than 20,000 years ago.

　　At that time, the temperature dropped sharply, and the vegetation withered in a large area, which made the cave bear lose its food. Scholars believe that because the food of the cave bear is very single, it must eat a lot in order to meet the needs of the body. Compared with pandas who have to eat 40 kilograms of bamboo every day, cave bears eat more than that, and the nutrient conversion rate is very low. On the contrary, the brown bear is an omnivore with high nitrogen content in its bones. Its diet includes fruits, honey, fish and so on. Its rich diet structure makes it more adaptable to the environment, so it can be widely distributed. This view has also been widely recognized.

　　The second point of view is that the fight between caves and humans has been wiped out.

　　In the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe, the bones of cave bears discovered by scientists show that cave bears are not as gentle as people thought before. They have huge teeth and razor-sharp claws, are fierce carnivores and even eat people. By analyzing the data of cave bear bones found in the southwest corner of this mountain range in recent years, scientists show that most cave bears have a lot of nitrogen -15 content, which exceeds that of many herbivores. This shows that these cave bears are carnivorous individuals and are typical carnivores. They not only compete with humans for caves, but also prey on hyenas, gray wolves, cave lions and fish.

　　In December 2019, Science Report magazine published an evolutionary research report by European scientists, saying that the cave bear population began to decrease sharply about 40,000 years ago, which was earlier than the climate cooling period and coincided with the spread of modern humans in Europe. The cold climate and the subsequent reduction of plant-derived food may lead to the dispersion of cave bear population into different sub-populations, which live in small habitats with mild climate and rich plants. Various human behaviors, including hunting, may have interrupted the connection between these sub-populations, thus playing a decisive role in the extinction of cave bears.

　　This view has already appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008, and an international research group composed of scientists from the United States, Britain and Germany published their findings — — The cave bear is one of the strongest rivals of human ancestors. With wisdom, human ancestors destroyed the living environment of these fierce animals, drove them out of their caves and rushed to the mountains. There is evidence that some caves were occupied by ancient humans and cave bears alternately. From this, it is speculated that humans killed or drove away those depressed bears during the hibernation of cave bears; When spring comes, the cave bears who are awake from hibernation and hungry in their bellies will attack humans and recapture the caves. In this cycle of fighting, humans with slightly stronger intelligence finally seized the caves and wiped them out.

　　The latest view is that chewing ability becomes weak, so you can’t eat meat and "sleep for a long time"

　　French and Belgian researchers found that the cave bear is an omnivore by analyzing its teeth. Compared with herbivores, carnivores will accumulate more nitrogen in the body during eating. In addition, black bears and brown bears are omnivores, which shows that although cave bears may mainly eat grass in most cases, sometimes they will taste the meat.

　　Axel Barlow of Potsdam University in Germany and others have analyzed the genome sequences of four cave bears that lived between 71,000 and 34,000 years ago, compared them with those of other animals, and analyzed the scratches and spots on their tooth glazes to judge their food composition. The researchers introduced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they found that cave bears were not vegetarian. Before entering hibernation, cave bears had a variety of foods, including poultry and mammals, invertebrates, seeds and various dried fruits and fresh fruits. Like most omnivores, it will not go into hibernation until it stores enough energy.

　　According to the latest viewpoint published in Scientific Progress, the extinction of the cave bear is not due to the competition with human beings, but because the cave bear’s nose has evolved a special structure. The research team from the University of Malaga, Spain, analyzed the eating scene of cave bears by computer simulation to determine whether cave bears can effectively adjust their diet under the condition of limited vegetation resources, thus explaining why European cave bears became extinct during the climate change period.

　　The research team scanned the skulls of four cave bears and eight living brown bears, and found that the sinus of cave bears was surprisingly large, and the sinus directly affected the chewing mode, strength and amplitude. Due to the enlargement of the sinus, the skull and cranium of the cave bear face are deformed, and the originally round top of the head becomes flat and extends backward continuously, so the bite force of the canine teeth and incisors becomes weak. As time goes by, they can’t tear the meat with their front teeth and canine teeth, but only rely on molars to grind the plants and swallow them. Therefore, when grass is not enough to eat, they can’t turn to meat.

　　Why did cave bears evolve into large sinuses? In the cold ice age, cave bears hibernate longer than other Xiong Ke animals in a year, and the large sinuses help to reduce the consumption during hibernation. Sinus is a cavity in the skull, with four pairs, which are symmetrical left and right. It can adjust the temperature and humidity of the air inhaled into nasal cavity, which is very important for cave bears to hibernate.

　　Alejandro perez Ramos, a paleontologist at the University of Malaga in Spain, one of the authors of the paper, explained that cave bears evolved large sinuses to adapt to the environment. With large sinuses, they can reduce energy consumption by hibernating in winter, so as to survive the winter when food supply is insufficient. But it is also because of the large sinuses that their chewing ability is affected. They can only eat grass and can’t eat meat at all. When the vegetation can’t grow because of the cold, the cave bear can’t survive by changing its diet, especially before hibernation, because it fails to intake enough energy, it is likely to run out of fat and "stay awake for a long time", which eventually leads to the extinction of the whole species.

　　Of course, more research evidence is needed about the sinus structure of cave bear. It is believed that with more and more scientific discoveries mastered by scientists, whether cave bears are vegetarians or omnivores and the mystery of cave bears’ extinction will eventually be revealed to the world.

　　 　[Study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee] 　

　　 　People’s democracy in the whole process is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and developing people’s democracy in the whole process is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, listed "focusing on developing people’s democracy in the whole process" among the "seven focuses" and made key arrangements. To thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, we should profoundly grasp the civilized mode, reform requirements and social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process, and focus on directional, overall and strategic issues, so as to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote the construction of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　A profound understanding of the whole process of people’s democracy civilization.

　　 　China’s expression of socialist political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "To study Marx, we must study and practice Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy." Marx and Engels put forward that "the first step of the workers’ revolution is to make the proletariat rise to the ruling class and strive for democracy". Lenin emphasized that socialist social democracy "is the rule of the majority" and advocated "striving for a national system that can best guarantee economic development and people’s rights". The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a firm believer, an active disseminator and a loyal practitioner of Marxism and scientific socialism. The Marxist thought on people’s democracy provides a theoretical source and basis for the formation of people’s democratic ideas in the whole process. In all the practice of revolution, construction and reform, our Party has not only unswervingly guided the great practice of people being masters of their own affairs with Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy, but also unswervingly promoted the China modernization of this theory. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has profoundly grasped the new changes in the main social contradictions in China, actively responded to the people’s new demands and expectations for democracy, and put forward a major concept of people’s democracy in the whole process. The Decision also emphasizes "perfecting the people’s democratic system in the whole process" from the perspective of further comprehensively deepening reforms, which is the latest theoretical expression and practical innovation requirement of China-era Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy.Pushing the regular understanding and creative practice of people’s democracy in the whole process to a new height has greatly enhanced our institutional confidence and confidence.

　　 　Inheritance and innovation of Chinese civilization in 5000 years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "in the historical evolution of thousands of years, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilizations and formed rich thoughts on state system and state governance". The concept of people’s democracy in the whole process is rooted in the vast land of China, sucking the cultural nutrients accumulated by the long struggle of the Chinese nation, and has a profound historical background. In the long history of more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has created brilliant political civilization, and its concept of co-governance under the heaven and its political wisdom of seeking common ground while reserving differences are deeply related to the people’s congress system and political consultation system initiated by our party. People-oriented thoughts, such as respecting heaven and protecting the people, supporting the people by government, valuing the country and despising the people, formed by Chinese ancestors, contain rich democratic factors and reflect the simple cognition and unremitting pursuit of democracy. The idea of people’s democracy in the whole process is the great product of "two combinations". From people-oriented to democracy, Marxism activated the democratic gene contained in China’s traditional political civilization with the light of truth, and integrated the essence of Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy with the essence of Chinese civilization’s political wisdom, and with the democratic idea that the people used everyday without realizing it, forming a democratic system rooted in the fertile soil of their own country and nation’s history and culture, and developing a modern form of brilliant political civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　 　The rich development of human political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There are many ways to realize democracy, and it is impossible to be uniform." Western democracy once played an important role in the history of human political civilization, but democracy is historical, developing and concrete, and no country can monopolize the right to speak and interpret democracy. Western democracy, due to its own insurmountable class and era limitations, causes people to be awakened only when they vote, and then go into hibernation. Only when they listen to hype slogans during the election, they have no right to speak after the election, and they are favored only when they canvass and left out after the election. This kind of democracy is not a real democracy in essence. In the whole process, people’s democracy does not copy western dogma. This democratic system has the characteristics of continuity in time, integrity in content, coordination in operation, and universality and continuity in people’s participation, which prevents the chronic diseases of making promises all over the sky during the election and leaving no one to ask after the election, overcomes the defects of "failure" and "inefficiency" in governance, such as "difficult to decide with votes" and "protracted indecision", and avoids the dilemma.Enriched and developed the form of human political civilization.

　　2 systematically grasp the reform requirements of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　Adhere to the leadership of the party. The "Decision" puts forward the idea of "adhering to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to law", and puts the party’s leadership in the first place in the whole process of developing people’s democracy. In a big country like China, it is not easy to truly express and realize the wishes of more than 1.4 billion people, and there must be strong and unified leadership. The leadership of the Party is the political premise, fundamental guarantee and greatest advantage of developing people’s democracy in the whole process. The whole process of people’s democracy is the inevitable result of the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic of our party’s long-term struggle in modern times. It is the crystallization of our party’s experience in continuously promoting China’s democratic theory innovation, system innovation and practice innovation, and it is the inevitable requirement of adhering to the party’s essential attributes and practicing the party’s fundamental purpose. To uphold the party’s leadership over the whole process of people’s democracy, we should give full play to the party’s leading core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, and ensure that the ideas, principles and policies of people’s democracy in the whole process are implemented in all aspects of national political life and social life; Adhere to the people as the center, follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, keep close contact with the people, and promote the continuous enrichment of the connotation, widening of channels and continuous improvement of efficiency of the people as masters of the country; Adhere to inner-party democracy, implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and promote and promote the development of people’s democracy in the whole process; Adhere to the rule of law, rule the country according to law, lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support the judiciary, take the lead in obeying the law, and ensure the effective implementation of the party’s policies and the people to be masters of the country through the rule of law.

　　 　Adhere to system integration. The "Decision" requires "enhancing the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "People’s democracy in the whole process of our country has realized the unity of process democracy and achievement democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people’s democracy and national will, which is a full-chain, all-round and full-coverage democracy and the most extensive, authentic and effective socialist democracy." The "four unifications", "three integrals" and "three maxims" are closely related and deeply coupled, which fully demonstrates the systematicness of people’s democracy in the whole process from the aspects of institutional arrangement, democratic practice and measurement scale. We should firmly grasp the scientific method of "adhering to the concept of system", adhere to system integration and strengthen top-level design. In terms of institutional arrangements, a comprehensive, extensive and organically connected system of people being the masters of the country will be formed, and diverse, smooth and orderly democratic channels will be built; In democratic practice, we should combine electoral democracy with deliberative democracy, and connect democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision; On the yardstick of measurement, the people enjoy extensive rights, the people’s democratic participation is constantly expanding, the state governance is efficient, the society is harmonious and stable, and the use of power is effectively restricted and supervised, so that the people can enjoy extensive, full, true, concrete and effective democracy. Anyway,Promote the people’s democratic construction in the whole process with systematic and integrated reform, give play to institutional advantages, and show institutional self-confidence.

　　 　Adhere to integrity and innovation. The "Decision" puts forward the major principles of "six persistences" to further comprehensively deepen reform, one of which is "persisting in integrity and innovation". In the whole process of people’s democracy, we must adhere to the principle of upholding integrity and innovation. First of all, we must adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s steadfastness, keep the integrity of the road, theory, system and culture of people’s democracy in the whole process, and unswervingly follow the path of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. On this basis, keep up with the pace of the times, conform to the development of practice, highlight the problem orientation, and promote innovation in all aspects at a new starting point. Promote theoretical innovation, develop Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy with a more positive historical responsibility and creative spirit, and form a theory that people love, agree with and own; Promote practical innovation, enrich democratic forms at all levels in the fiery grassroots life, and explore and create democratic practices full of "fireworks"; Promote system innovation, take system construction as the main line, break the system simultaneously, break it first, build a fundamental political system, improve the basic political system, and innovate important political systems; Promote cultural innovation, widely publicize the essence and essence of people’s democracy in the whole process, vigorously carry forward the excellent political culture of the Chinese nation, such as serving the public, being inclusive, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and actively cultivate a deliberative democratic culture, so that democratic concepts can be deeply integrated into people’s daily work and production life, and the tree of democracy can take root.

　　3 comprehensively consolidate the social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　A solid material foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the political system of a country depends on its economic and social foundation". We should focus on adhering to and improving the basic economic system and building a high-level socialist market economic system, focusing on the reform of relevant systems and mechanisms proposed in the Decision, promoting the adaptation of production relations to productivity and superstructure to the economic base, promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development, and making the economic base and material guarantee of people’s democracy in the whole process more solid. "Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve." To consolidate the material foundation of people’s democracy in the whole process, we must pay close attention to the interests of the people. Grasping the pain points and difficulties in the fields of people’s livelihood, such as medical care, education, environment, old-age care, social security and grass-roots governance, we will solve the urgent and anxious people’s livelihood problems in a democratic way through innovative systems such as representative houses, representative liaison stations and grass-roots legislative contact points, innovative ways such as proposals, meetings, discussions, demonstrations, hearings, evaluations and consultations, and innovative means such as 5G and the Internet.

　　 　Improve the system guarantee. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Both history and reality show that a stable system leads to a stable country, and a strong system leads to a strong country." We should attach great importance to the important role of the system, implement the important deployment of the "Decision" on the whole process of people’s democracy-related system construction, and provide systematic and holistic system and rule of law guarantee for it. On the one hand, improve the people’s democratic system in the whole process. Focusing on strengthening the construction of the system of people being masters of the country, improving the mechanism of deliberative democracy, improving the grass-roots democratic system and improving the work pattern of the great United front, we will promote the more sound system of people being masters of the country and the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy, and further improve the institutionalized, standardized and procedural level of people’s democracy in the whole process. On the other hand, improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Democracy" is essentially related to "rule of law", which is an important symbol of human political civilization. We should focus on deepening the reform in the legislative field, deepening administration according to law, improving the judicial system and mechanism of fair law enforcement, improving the mechanism of promoting the construction of a society ruled by law, and strengthening the construction of foreign-related rule of law, and promote the reform in all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding, carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, promote the improvement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s rule of law system, reach a higher level in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and firmly promote the high-quality development of people’s democracy in the whole process on the rule of law.

　　 　Gather spiritual strength. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people". To fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people, its essence is to give full play to the spiritual strength of China people, and its core is to implement the "respect for the people’s dominant position and initiative" proposed in the Decision. This is determined by the nature and fundamental purpose of our party, which answers the historical materialism foundation, fundamental purpose and success "password" of people’s democracy in the whole process of development. Respect for people’s dominant position and initiative should be based on people’s grassroots democratic practices from "small courtyard chamber" to "bench democracy", from offline "round table meeting" to online "deliberation group", respect for people’s pioneers in pursuing democracy, developing democracy and realizing democracy expressed in grassroots democratic practices, respect for people’s new experience in the whole process of people’s democracy creation, and respect for people’s wishes as subjects of people’s democratic practice, interests and cognition in the whole process. Deeply understand and give full play to the key role of the people, enhance democratic awareness, enhance democratic ability, develop democratic habits, and participate in the most extensive and vivid democratic practice. On this basis, the party’s ideas, the will of the state and the will of the people will be closely integrated, and the good experiences and good practices of grassroots democratic practice will be upgraded to regular understanding.Turn it into the principles and policies of the party and the state, and further guide and promote the great practice of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　 　(Author: Wang Weiguo, executive dean and professor of Marxism College of China Academy of Social Sciences, special researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of New Era, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences)

[Explanation]

　　Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is a new technical science to study and develop theories, methods, technologies and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new intelligent machine that can respond in a similar way to human intelligence. The research in this field includes robot, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and expert system.

[argument]

　　2016 is the 60th anniversary of the concept of artificial intelligence. For artificial intelligence, Dr. Stephen Hawking commented: "The real artificial intelligence technology will be the greatest invention in human history."

　　At the beginning of March, 2016, after seven days of fierce fighting, Google’s "AlphaGo" beat South Korea’s Jiuduan Li Shishi in the Man-Machine Go Competition, which showed the rapid progress and powerful strength of contemporary artificial intelligence and shocked the hearts of countless people.

　　At the same time, the artificial intelligence products of other giants are constantly showing their edge. In April 2016, Xiao Ai, an artificial intelligence program in Alibaba Cloud, successfully predicted the top three in the fourth season finals of "I am a singer" and successfully predicted that CoCo Lee won the championship in the final showdown; Microsoft’s artificial intelligence system has realized "telling stories by looking at pictures"; Baidu’s "Baidu Brain" has reached the intelligence level of a 4-year-old child. Baidu unmanned vehicles have been tried out on the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing with complicated road conditions, and their emergency performance is better than that of drivers. The secret robot has settled in the KFC concept store in Hongqiao, Shanghai, ordering food directly for guests, and so on.

　　It seems that it will take a long time for these artificial intelligence to be popularized on a large scale. In fact, with the combination of artificial intelligence with emerging industries such as big data, Internet of Things, robotics, biomedicine and virtual reality, it will be faster and faster for other industries and even social and economic seepage velocity.

　　At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gestating. From the third world internet conference held in November, 2016, the innovation of Internet technology in the world is becoming more and more competitive in cutting-edge technology. As the "wind vane" of the Internet industry, the innovation of cutting-edge technology almost determines the development height of the whole Internet.

　　In October 2016, Obama hosted the White House Frontier Summit and looked forward to the development of the United States in the next 50 years. At the summit, the White House released the report "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan", aiming at using the full potential of the artificial intelligence plan to strengthen the economy and improve society. Not only that, the European Commission also announced that the "Human Brain Engineering Project" was selected as the EU’s "Future Emerging Flagship Technology Project".

　　China’s emphasis on artificial intelligence and its support are also increasing. The "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action" issued in July 2015 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to focus on developing the application of artificial intelligence in the fields of home, terminal, automobile and robot; In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", artificial intelligence was promoted to a national strategy; In May 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Three-year Action of Artificial Intelligence in internet plus" … Undoubtedly, the development and leap of artificial intelligence technology in the future will greatly change the world and people’s lifestyle.

　　The telegraph took 20 years from invention to popularization; The telephone took less than 10 years from invention to popularization; At present, the research, development and promotion of computer software often take less than a few months. In early January 2017, after the upgraded version of AlphaGo, the "mysterious chess player" Master swept the human Go master with a record of 60 wins, 0 losses and 1 draw, the artificial intelligence Baidu brain narrowly beat the "world memory master". While the Internet entered the second half, a new scene was unveiled in 2017, and artificial intelligence was exciting and full of infinite possibilities.

Notes

　　At present, a wave of artificial intelligence sweeping the world is coming. No matter startups, universities and scientific research institutions in Silicon Valley, or the world’s technology giants Google, Microsoft and Baidu, they have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the field of artificial intelligence and started to conduct forward-looking research.

　　AlphaGo beats Li Shishi.

　　On March 15th, 2016, the fifth match between Google’s artificial intelligence Go software AlphaGo and South Korean star Li Shishi ended, and AlphaGo beat Li Shishi with a total score of 4:1. From March 9 to 15, AlphaGo and Li Shishi fought a total of five games. In the first three games, AlphaGo won a big victory. In the fourth game, Li Shishi reversed the defeat, but in the fifth game, Li Shishi lost again.

　　As a long-standing chess game of the Chinese nation, Go has always been recognized by the industry as a highland that cannot be conquered by a computer. Looking back at this eye-catching man-machine war in the world, its significance has gone far beyond Go. People are keen to talk about AlphaGo, more out of concern for artificial intelligence technology.

　　On March 12, 2016, The Economist published an article entitled "Artificial Intelligence and Go", pointing out that unlike the chess played by Deep Blue in 1997, Go played by AlphaGo is more complicated, and there are more possibilities after each step. But the algorithm behind AlphaGo has already shown its advantages in the competition. Through deep learning, it has been able to simulate human playing chess, has "intuition" and can give the best strategy choice for the next step. Deep learning is an indispensable part of general artificial intelligence in the future. At present, many companies have invested money and energy in this field. In the future, we can expect the application of deep learning in face recognition, speech recognition and even medical field.

　　Baidu brain narrowly beats "world memory master"

　　On the evening of January 6th, 2017, super brain, the fourth season broadcast by Jiangsu Satellite TV, welcomed a special player-Baidu sent an artificial intelligence robot "Xiaodi" equipped with Baidu brain to challenge super brain’s Hall of Fame player. After two hours of competition, Xiaodi beat Wang Feng, the representative of human super brain, 3-2 by virtue of its deep accumulation in the fields of artificial intelligence and face recognition.

　　Behind the "smallness" of Baidu’s brain are trillions of parameters, hundreds of billions of samples and hundreds of billions of feature training, which can simulate the working mechanism of the human brain and learn and train extremely complicated models.

　　Earlier, Robin Li, chairman and CEO of Baidu, also said in the trailer of the fourth season of super brain that if super brain is the representative of human brain limit, then Baidu brain is the representative of high level of artificial intelligence. Regardless of winning or losing, it will make a breakthrough contribution to the technological development of artificial intelligence.

　　At the 3rd world internet conference, the most noticeable event was the release of the world’s leading scientific and technological achievements on the Internet, with 15 high-tech research achievements. Baidu Brain was the only comprehensive artificial intelligence technology selected in China. "Artificial intelligence is the next scene of the mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence will be the core of Baidu’s core. Specifically, artificial intelligence means Baidu’s brain to Baidu." Li Yanhong said.

　　At present, Baidu has published more than 1,500 invention patents in artificial intelligence-related fields such as speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, unmanned driving, machine learning and deep learning, which have been widely used in unmanned vehicles, voice search and even O2O.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "It is necessary to improve the management system of various state-owned assets, reform the authorized management system of state-owned capital, speed up the layout optimization, structural adjustment and strategic reorganization of the state-owned economy, promote the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets, and promote the state-owned capital to become stronger and better, so as to effectively prevent the loss of state-owned assets." Correctly understanding the relationship between "state-owned enterprises become stronger, better and bigger" and "state-owned capital become stronger, better and bigger", and organically unifying and connecting them in theory and practical work, is related to truly realizing the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform of "adhering to and improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and continuously promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity".

　　First, the state-owned economy is inseparable from the basic carrier of state-owned enterprises.

　　China’s constitution stipulates: "In the primary stage of socialism, the state adheres to the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together." "The state-owned economy, that is, the socialist economy under ownership by the whole people, is the leading force in the national economy. The state guarantees the consolidation and development of the state-owned economy. " A "subject" and a "people" show that there are fundamental differences in the nature of the basic economic system between socialist countries and capitalist countries, and also show that there are fundamental differences in the nature of socialist state-owned economy and capitalist state-owned economy. Deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises can only strengthen but never shake and weaken the socialist state-owned economy owned by the whole people.

　　In recent years, some economists like to use the "property right theory" as the basis for reform. In fact, the essence of "property right" is ownership. The ownership relationship has a development process, and the complete concept of ownership itself contains a series of rights such as possession, control, use, disposal and benefit. Among them, who owns the means of production is an extremely important issue. No matter what society, possession of the means of production is the premise of production. Whoever owns the means of production will be able to produce, thus being able to dominate production and its results; Whoever doesn’t possess the means of production can’t produce, so it’s impossible to dominate production and its results. However, if we only understand and position the economic nature of ownership by the whole people from the perspective of property rights in the sense of legal rights, that is, ownership relations, it will deviate from the basic principles and methods of Marxist political economy.

　　Marx believes that ownership is not a simple right relationship between people in the sense of legal rights, or the right of who owns the means of production, but an economic relationship between the owner (occupier) of the means of production and the workers who use the means of production in the production process. He stressed that ownership cannot be separated from the real economic relationship. "In every historical era, ownership has developed in various ways and under completely different social relations. Therefore, defining the ownership of the bourgeoisie is nothing more than describing all the social relations produced by the bourgeoisie. " "To define ownership as an independent relationship, a special category and an abstract and eternal concept can only be a metaphysical or legal fantasy." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1995, pp. 177— Page 178) In human history, ownership and ownership are not simply corresponding, and the same form of ownership can exist on different ownership bases. For example, the form of state ownership has long existed on the basis of different private ownership in slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, as well as on the basis of public ownership in socialist countries, and its nature is completely different. In essence, ownership is a social way of combining workers with means of production, and it is the relationship between the owners of means of production and the workers who use them. Historically,The common ground of all the exploiting class ownership lies in the separation of the owners (occupiers) of the means of production from the laborers. The sign that can distinguish different private ownership is not whether the means of production are owned by slave owners, feudal owners or capitalists, but the way in which workers directly become the owners of means of production and are deprived of surplus labor, that is, slave ownership; Or by virtue of the dependence of workers on the owners of means of production, the two were combined and deprived of surplus labor, that is, feudal ownership; Or through the sale of personal freedom of hired labor, and the exchange of capital to combine the two and be exploited of surplus value, that is, capitalist ownership. Socialist public ownership is a kind of ownership based on the laborers’ own labor rather than the labor of others, which is United within a certain range (collective or the whole people). The laborers are directly combined with the means of production jointly owned by themselves and finally share the fruits, which embodies the equal economic relationship in which the laborers are the masters of the country.

　　This shows that the existence and development of the socialist economy under ownership by the whole people cannot be separated from the state-owned enterprises with the nature of ownership by the whole people. Enterprise is the most basic carrier of the combination of workers and means of production, and it is the cell that constitutes a certain ownership economic relationship. Without the support of state-owned enterprises owned by the whole people, there would be no direct combination of workers and means of production, and there would be no real socialist state-owned economy owned by the whole people.

　　Second, "making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger" is an inevitable requirement for adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed the need to "confidently" and "unswervingly" make "state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger". This is inseparable from his understanding of the important position and role of China’s state-owned enterprises from the strategic height of highly unified economy and politics in the new era. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once pointed out that China’s state-owned enterprises are an important pillar of the national economy, and also play a pillar role in the economic foundation of our party’s governance and China’s socialist state power, and must be done well. The role of "pillar", in definition, has not only qualitative connotation, but also quantitative requirements; In localization, it not only refers to the economic field, but also rises to the political field. He once used the word "Ming Men" in an instruction to describe the extreme importance of state-owned enterprises to our party and country. Those who are destined for life are the foundation of life. State-owned enterprises are the lifeblood of the socialist national economy, the lifeblood of the socialist regime, and the fate of our party, country and people. He also profoundly pointed out: Some people in the West are targeting at our state-owned enterprises and discrediting them, saying that they want "fair competition". In fact, drunkenness is not for the sake of wine, but for bringing down the important material and political foundation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and China’s socialist regime. We can’t be fooled! Here, "important material foundation and political foundation"The dual "basic" orientation of "Ming Men" is the best interpretation of the meaning of "Ming Men".

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches importance to state-owned enterprises, which is also linked with the importance of the national real economy. He repeatedly stressed that "the country’s strength depends on the real economy and cannot be bubbled." "The real economy is the capital of the country". "We must send a clear message to the whole society: do a good job in the economy, do a good job in enterprises, do a good job in state-owned enterprises, and grasp the real economy." At the National Conference on Party Building in State-owned Enterprises, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the new orientation and new requirements of making state-owned enterprises "a relying force and five important forces". Among them, "the most reliable reliance of the party and the country" ties the political and economic destiny of the party and the country in the new era to the state-owned enterprises, and the responsibility is irreplaceable! From the following five aspects: implementing the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, implementing the new development concept and comprehensively deepening reforms, implementing major strategies such as "going out" and "Belt and Road", strengthening comprehensive national strength, promoting economic and social development, ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, and winning the victory of the great struggle with many new historical characteristics, the party is the concrete development of "relying on strength" and reflects the major strategic mission requirements of state-owned enterprises in the new era. This shows that under the complicated new struggle background at home and abroad,To lead the people to complete the great historical leap in the new era, realize the strategic goal of strengthening the country and enriching the people, and make Socialism with Chinese characteristics invincible in the world, the key is to rely on state-owned enterprises to play a good role as a pillar.

　　Now there is a seemingly authoritative statement that all central enterprises should adopt "mixed reform" and implement "company system", thus changing the nature of the few remaining "state-owned enterprises". This is a conceptual confusion. Ownership by the whole people and company system are two completely different concepts, one is about the nature of ownership, and the other is about the form of enterprise organization. Corresponding to ownership by the whole people is collective ownership or private capital ownership. Corresponding to the company system, it is the traditional factory system. According to the Marxist viewpoint, the joint-stock company is a transitional form from the capitalist mode of production to the joint mode of production, but it is passively sublated in the capitalist enterprises and actively sublated in the workers’ "cooperative factories". Therefore, socialism can be fully utilized. Joint-stock companies are not equal to privatization. The key depends on who holds the shares, who will serve them and enlarge their capital functions. For corporate enterprises with diversified stock rights, the economic relationship, that is, the nature of ownership, is different because of the different ways of combining the controlling rights and the means of production. Generally speaking, if a state-owned enterprise is established as a state-owned holding company through "mixed reform", it can realize the core leadership of the enterprise by communist party on behalf of the people and ensure the direct combination of workers and the means of production shared by the whole people.Make the enterprise become a joint-stock company that enlarges the function of state-owned capital and still has the nature of ownership by the whole people; If the company is established by private capital or foreign capital holding company, it is far from communist party’s core leadership of the enterprise, and the combination of workers and means of production can only be realized by the exchange of hired labor and capital, so that the enterprise can become a joint-stock company with private ownership that magnifies the functions of private capital or foreign capital. Therefore, in the socialist market economy, whether it is a wholly state-owned company, a wholly state-owned company, or a joint-stock company or a listed company controlled by state-owned, it is still a state-owned enterprise with the obvious nature of socialist ownership by the whole people. If the socialist enterprises owned by the whole people are cancelled in the name of company system, wouldn’t that mean that the socialist state-owned enterprises in China, which are fundamentally different from those in western countries, will be wiped out, and then the state-owned economy with the nature of socialist ownership by the whole people in China will be wiped out fundamentally? !

　　Third, "making state-owned capital stronger, better and bigger" is based on the macro-level requirement of "making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger"

　　"Promoting the state-owned capital to be stronger, better and bigger" put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a state-owned assets reform goal linked with the trinity of "promoting the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets" and "effectively preventing the loss of state-owned assets", which does not mean giving up the state-owned enterprise reform of "unswervingly making state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger". It should be said that "state-owned capital is stronger, better and bigger" and "state-owned enterprises are stronger, better and bigger" are the two goals of the organic connection of the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and the overall goal is to develop and strengthen Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s state-owned economy. "State-owned enterprises become stronger, better and bigger" is the foundation of developing and strengthening the state-owned economy, and "State-owned capital becomes stronger, better and bigger" is the macro-level embodiment of this foundation. From the connection between the two, the state-owned capital itself is the unity of physical form and value form, and the physical form is the state-owned assets used for the production and operation of enterprises, which is carried by the state-owned enterprises as the "material basis" of Socialism with Chinese characteristics;Its value form is the state-owned funds that reflect the economic relations of socialist ownership by the whole people, and it can not be reflected without the state-owned enterprises as the "political foundation" of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Without the foundation of state-owned enterprises, there would be no real state-owned capital; Without the state-owned enterprises "becoming stronger, better and bigger", it is impossible to have the state-owned capital "becoming stronger, better and bigger".

　　However, as the goal of perfecting the state-owned assets management system, reforming the authorized management system of state-owned capital and optimizing the layout of state-owned economy, "making state-owned capital stronger, better and bigger" has a more macro, overall and strategic significance than individual state-owned enterprises. That is to say, no matter how the state-owned assets management and operation system are changed and how the state-owned assets are reorganized, the goal of stronger, better quality and larger scale of state-owned capital as a whole must be achieved. This is the requirement of realizing the national economic development strategy, and it is also the inevitable requirement of the production and operation of state-owned enterprises to have a macro reflection on the overall operation of state-owned capital. Therefore, in addition to a series of inspection indicators to measure whether the state-owned enterprises themselves are stronger, better and bigger, a series of inspection standards are also needed to measure whether the state-owned capital is stronger, better and bigger as a whole.

　　From the perspective of state-owned assets reform, the indicators to measure the strength, Excellence and enlargement of state-owned capital should generally include four levels: First, the indicators of state-owned assets supervision. These are two constraints associated with the operation of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, that is, the reform of state-owned assets should serve the reform of state-owned enterprises, ensure that it can "promote the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets" and "effectively prevent the loss of state-owned assets." We should not devalue the stock of state-owned assets of enterprises in the reform, but create new value increment on the basis of the stock with the fixed value of capital; At the same time, the loss of state-owned assets by various forms of interest cannot occur in the reform, which is the bottom line requirement. The second is the scale benefit index of state-owned capital. It is through the reform that, on the one hand, the absolute amount of state-owned capital is significantly increased compared with that before the reform according to the established constant value rather than inflated value; On the other hand, the economic and social benefits brought by state-owned capital, including capital gains, fiscal profits and taxes, scientific and technological innovation contributions, have also been significantly improved compared with those before the reform. The third is the quality index of state-owned capital structure. First of all, the proportion of state-owned capital in the total social capital should be significantly higher than before the reform, which shows that in the overall structure of social capital, the relative strength of state-owned capital is stronger and it can better play a pillar and leading role; Secondly,It also includes the proportion of state-owned capital in the total capital of advanced industries, high-quality industries and key areas of society and its effect indicators, which should be significantly improved than before the reform, which reflects the improvement of the quality level of state-owned capital and the strengthening of its leading role in the national economy. The fourth is the function amplification index of state-owned capital. The result of "mixed reform" should be to enlarge the function of state-owned capital and strengthen its control and influence in the property right structure. This depends on whether the scale of social capital that state-owned capital can control (that is, effectively control) and its proportion in the total social capital are significantly higher than before the reform; It also includes whether the scale of social capital that state-owned capital can control (that is, effectively control) in advanced industries and high-quality industries, and its proportion in the total social capital of these industries and industries have been significantly improved compared with before the reform. Only in this way can we prove that state-owned capital is indeed stronger, better and bigger, and the reform will be convincing.

　　(Author: Executive Vice President and Senior Research Fellow of Kunlun Policy Research Institute, Special Research Fellow of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council)

Special topic: picture channel

Luan Jujie expressed his heartfelt thanks to the people of the motherland with a picture of "Good Motherland". Photo courtesy of CFP

　　On August 3rd, 1984, Luan Jujie won the gold medal in women’s foil individual competition in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games, becoming the first Asian to win the gold medal in Olympic fencing. The picture shows Luan Jujie trying his sword before the final. (data picture)

　　Twenty-four years ago, in Los Angeles, where Xu Haifeng won the first Olympic gold medal for the China delegation, 26-year-old Luan Jujie became the first female swordsman in China history, which is the only Olympic gold medal in China fencing history so far.

　　Luan Jujie, who has been away from the competition for 20 years, participated in the women’s foil individual competition as an athlete on behalf of the Canadian team today. Although she stopped at the top 32, she moved everyone present with her actions. A picture of "The motherland is good" expressed her deep gratitude, and she cried all the people who interviewed her for her love for her daughter with congenital heart disease.

　　Special correspondent for this topic Min Yang, Beijing, August 11th.

　　Luan Jujie’s competition was held at 11: 00 a.m., dressed in a snow-white sword suit, wearing a mighty shield and holding a shining sword. The 50-year-old female swordsman had just appeared, and the cheerleaders in the stands had already flashed the words of refueling.

　　The traces left by the years on Luan Jujie are only reflected in her slightly chubby figure, and the changeable movements in her hands and the flexible pace of movement seem to make people see the dashing and heroic spirit of her eyebrows and swords drawn out at the Olympic Games 24 years ago.

　　In the face of Tunisia’s rival Bubeck, who won the African championship, Luan Jujie patiently responded, "I have been telling myself to be calm. I know that she is less than 20 years old and has been practicing sword in France, but she doesn’t even say hello every time she meets me."

　　What the opponent lacked was the basic demeanor of the swordsman. Luan Jujie seized this psychological weakness and won 13-9 and became one of the top 32. In the eyes of her husband and three children who came to cheer on the scene, Luan Jujie should be the best.

　　Hand-made "Good Motherland" banner before departure.

　　Luan Jujie, who successfully advanced, didn’t leave the stadium immediately. She slowly took out a red and yellow banner from her backpack with the words "Good motherland" written on it. The banner is so big that Luan Jujie’s upper body is almost covered in order to hold it high. After showing a circle, she left with satisfaction. Many spectators at the scene were moved to tears after seeing the banner, and their applause for Luan Jujie became more and more enthusiastic.

　　Although she lost to the Hungarian opponent in the 1/16th final at noon, Luan Jujie won the respect of the audience. All the media waiting at the scene rushed to interview her. Seeing that the reporters in the mixed interview area had stood three floors away, the leader of the Canadian fencing team decided to borrow a press conference hall.

　　Luan Jujie brought her husband, Gu Da, to the press conference. Whenever a Canadian reporter asks questions, she answers them in fluent English. If a reporter from China asks questions, she answers them in Chinese. What everyone is most curious about is how she thought of showing this "good motherland". It turned out that this banner was made by her own hands, and she made it well before departure, ready to show it to the world at the opening ceremony.

　　"Originally, I was one of the four candidate flag bearers of the Canadian delegation, but I didn’t choose it later, but the regimental headquarters said I could stand in the first row and enter. I was going to open this banner at the opening ceremony, but later, the regimental headquarters stipulated that all members should not display any slogans during the admission process, otherwise they would be expelled. I think I have made such great efforts to participate in the Olympic Games and I can’t be expelled like this. " Luan Jujie later brought the banner to the opening ceremony, but she didn’t take it out until the whole delegation entered the prescribed area. "The banner was too big, covering my face. It was lifted by people from our regiment and I took a photo."

　　Luan Jujie set another time to show "the motherland is good" after today’s first appearance. "I dedicated my youth to the country. It was the party and the country that trained me. If I didn’t go abroad, I might not feel how happy I am as an athlete in China." Luan Jujie said that it was the wandering overseas for more than 20 years that made her fully feel how superior the conditions for representing China in the competition were. "I printed this banner just to thank my motherland for training me and let me practice such a good technology. I want to use the stage of the Beijing Olympic Games to express my heartfelt thanks to the people of the motherland."

　　Open fencing school in Shanghai after the Olympic Games.

　　Luan Jujie believes that it is not important which country she represents. What is important is to show the Olympic spirit. "I have made up my mind. After playing the first game, I will take this opportunity to thank all the audience regardless of winning or losing. I have already earned it."

　　Luan Jujie knew that there were many spectators cheering for him today. "I feel that what they care about is not my winning or losing, but encouraging me:’ You are so old, you must hold on.’ What I want to show is that I am still young, and I don’t look like 50 years old. "

　　Luan Jujie prepared for the Beijing Olympic Games for 15 months, and even took part in nearly 10 points races with his own pocket, which cost nearly 100,000 RMB. "If the Olympic Games were not held in Beijing, I would never take part. After all, I have retired for 20 years. My starting point is that the motherland sent a team to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time, and I participated. This is the first time that the motherland has hosted the Olympic Games. I also want to show young people that the reason why I can stand in the Olympic Games is accumulated through years of hard training. "

　　Luan Jujie intends to open a fencing school in Shanghai after the Beijing Olympic Games to contribute to the development of fencing in China. "I was in China for more than 20 years before, and I was in Canada for more than 20 years after. It is estimated that I will be half in China and half in Canada in the next 20 or 30 years."

　　Stay in a foreign country for my daughter.

　　When Luan Jujie explained why she flashed a banner, many reporters were red-eyed. Then, when she talked about why she moved to Canada far away from her native land, she directly cried herself and all the reporters around her, because she mentioned her eldest daughter with congenital heart disease.

　　Luan Jujie has three children named Gu Mengjia, Gu Mengyuan and Gu Hongtao. Luan Jujie was 33 years old when she was pregnant with her eldest daughter. When she gave birth to her daughter by caesarean section, she was told that her child had congenital heart disease before she had time to experience the feeling of being a mother for the first time.

　　Originally, Luan Jujie went to Canada because her husband went abroad to do business. Her original intention was to learn French well so that she could be a referee in the future. "Because I was misjudged by the referee when I was competing, I felt that China could not be without people in the International Sword Federation. I wanted to learn a foreign language well and then seek development in it."

　　The eldest daughter had 10 operations to replace the pacemaker.

　　Unexpectedly, her daughter’s illness forced her to choose to live in Canada for a long time. "This happened to the boss, and he began to put in a pacemaker at the age of two. Later, the operation to replace the pacemaker was done 10 times. I sent her to the operating room repeatedly. It can be said that not many parents came like us, but it was really difficult …" At some point, Luan Jujie began to choke.

　　At that time, she insisted on carrying her eldest daughter home, although the doctor predicted that her life would not exceed 6 years old. But now, her eldest daughter is 16 years old. "After so much experience, I feel that nothing is more important than life. The medical conditions in Canada are more suitable for her, so we stayed."

　　In order to take care of her daughter, Luan Jujie’s family has become a "woman in charge and man in charge". Her husband takes care of the children at home, and she works hard outside.

　　In Canadian fencing, Luan Jujie is a famous figure, and more than 60% of the medals are won by her disciples every year. She is rated as an excellent coach by the Canadian Fencing Association every year. The "Luan Jujie Fencing Open" is also held permanently in Canada as an annual event. "Today, when I return to my motherland, I want people to know that I have not humiliated Chinese. I have been recognized in Canada, and I am Chinese wherever I am."

　　Today, all three children in Luan Jujie went to the scene to cheer for their mother, and the second daughter also attended the press conference. Everyone just didn’t realize that the pretty girl around him was Luan Jujie’s second daughter.

Editor: Wang Jiaolong

    On April 18th, Huawei Pura 70 series new mobile phones were put on sale, and the online mall was sold out in one minute. The reporter saw in Huawei’s offline stores that there were long queues of experience and purchase customers.

    This new machine is made of Xuanwu toughened Kunlun glass, equipped with new HarmonyOS 4.2, and equipped with dual satellite communication of Beidou satellite and Tiantong satellite, which supports sending picture messages. It can capture the ultra-high-speed motion moment of 300 km/h, the ultra-high-speed wind and flash, and the high-speed rail can be clearly photographed.

    Reporter: Bai Yu, Li Sijia

    Produced by Audio and Video Department of Xinhua News Agency

Online appointment registration makes it more convenient to see a doctor; Experts can consult remotely and enjoy quality medical services at home; Online payment and settlement of medical insurance, and continuous improvement of the comprehensive medical security service system …

With the development of information technology, "Internet+medical care" has released great potential, and new medical service models are constantly emerging, which is not only conducive to the rational use of medical resources, but also provides patients with a better medical experience.

At present, in order to coordinate the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation and meet the basic medical needs of the masses, the amount of consultation on Internet diagnosis and treatment has been further improved. Internet medical care has broken the time and space restrictions, not only played an important role in epidemic prevention and control, but also enabled other patients to receive medical support in time during the epidemic prevention and control. During this period, how can all localities optimize the Internet medical service model? How to expand the online medical service space? What new medical experience has Internet medical care brought?

Data sources: National Health Commission, National Telemedicine Center, Lilac Doctor Data Research Institute, Analysys Consulting and Zhiyan Consulting.

Optimization process of appointment visit

Online booking time is more accurate, and there is no need to sign in twice after arriving at the hospital.

"You need a minor operation, but before the operation, you must first look at the problem of premature heart beats." After listening to the diagnosis given by the gynecologist of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Ms. Chen, who lives in xing lin cun, jimei district, Xiamen, quickly took out her mobile phone and made an appointment for the number of Cardiovascular Department next Wednesday through "Beautiful Xiamen Wisdom and Health" WeChat WeChat official account.

Enter WeChat WeChat official account, click on the hospital appointment module, select the hospital, outpatient department, experts, and time of visit in turn, and submit the confirmation … In a word, Ms. Chen has completed all the procedures of online appointment and registration.

"It’s really convenient to see a doctor now! After the online appointment is successful, show the gossip health code, and after entering the hospital through temperature measurement, you can sit directly in front of the clinic and wait for the call. " Convenient, fast, smooth and comfortable, it has now become a medical experience for Xiamen citizens.

In order to solve the problem of registration, improve the medical environment and enhance the medical experience of citizens, Xiamen began to build an appointment system in 2009 to support citizens to make appointments by telephone, website and hospital self-service machines. "With the development of information technology, citizens’ demand for multi-channel, efficient and convenient reservation platforms is also rising." Ye Lishan, director of Xiamen Health and Medical Big Data Center, introduced that since 2014, Xiamen has built and launched a unified outpatient appointment platform in the city, and launched a number of online appointment channels such as WeChat WeChat official account and APP while realizing the unified management of hospital appointment sources in the city.

In addition to building more yuan and more convenient online booking platform, Xiamen has also continuously optimized and reformed the treatment process of various hospitals. Ye Wei introduced, "We will make the online appointment time accurate to minutes. Patients can make an online appointment for the hospital number source, and after arriving at the hospital, they can wait for the call directly according to the appointment time, without having to make a second sign-in."

According to statistics, up to now, the online booking platforms for outpatient clinics in Xiamen have served more than 57.95 million people. Among them, since the beginning of this year, 2.3 million people have achieved medical treatment through online appointments.

Remote consultation is efficient and convenient.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of lung CT images by AR technology.

Frontline doctors collect cases, upload image data in real time, and MDT multidisciplinary experts consult to determine the best treatment plan … Recently, the 5G Smart Medical Innovation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University conducted a remote consultation with a COVID-19 patient in Yunnan Infectious Diseases Hospital through the technology of "internet plus Smart Medical".

Tao Bo, deputy director of the outpatient office of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, introduced that during the remote consultation, many lung CT images were captured from the Internet Cloud Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and the three-dimensional reconstruction was completed by AR technology. "Experts only need to wear AR glasses, so that the two-dimensional picture can be three-dimensional, and the organ, lesion shape and fine structure can be presented in 360-degree HD, and patients can get accurate and personalized diagnosis and treatment."

In addition to AR technology, 5G technology is also applied in remote consultation. On January 29th, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and China Mobile Yunnan Company launched the online free diagnosis and treatment platform for pneumonia in novel coronavirus based on 5G network. More than 20 experts make online diagnosis and treatment every day, and make remote diagnosis for patients to avoid cluster infection caused by a large number of patients.

Shortly after the platform was launched, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University issued a smart diagnosis and treatment list for a critically ill patient in COVID-19. It was a 66-year-old patient who was transferred from the isolation treatment point to Baoshan People’s Hospital because of the sudden deterioration of his condition. After receiving the application for assistance from Baoshan People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University organized three remote multidisciplinary expert consultations within 24 hours, and successfully rescued the patient from the dying line.

Tao Bo introduced that Internet technology has provided support for the real realization of the Internet medical service mode of "primary examination, superior diagnosis, superior prescription and primary treatment" and the graded diagnosis and treatment mode of "primary diagnosis, two-way referral, rapid and slow division, and up-and-down linkage". "As long as there is a network, we can treat patients anytime and anywhere. For some areas with relatively weak medical standards, remote diagnosis and treatment has broken the time and space restrictions, allowing people to enjoy quality medical services at their doorstep. "

Fine management of online payment

Realization of "internet plus Medical Insurance" Payment Based on Face Recognition Technology

"It’s very convenient. You can pay for it and use medical insurance on your mobile phone, so you don’t have to wait in line at the hospital." Aunt Jing, a resident of Jinan City, Shandong Province, suffers from high blood pressure. It was inconvenient to go to the hospital to prescribe medicine and pay fees every month. Today, she can use her mobile phone to consult, buy medicine and pay in internet hospitals, eliminating the need to travel back and forth.

Aunt Jing is the beneficiary of Shandong Internet medical insurance big health service platform. In April this year, the platform was put into trial operation in Jinan, which realized the integration of online payment and settlement of medical insurance based on medical insurance electronic certificate and face recognition technology.

According to reports, on this platform, after the patient is authenticated by face recognition, the doctor can retrieve the patient’s electronic medical records for the past three months and prescribe online. In the future, the platform will build a comprehensive medical security service system of "internet plus medical insurance+medical care+medicine" to meet the diverse medical needs of disabled people, chronically ill patients, disadvantaged groups and 23 million elderly people in Shandong Province, such as online consultation, follow-up visit to buy medicines, continuation of chronic diseases, medical insurance payment and settlement, and home delivery of medicines.

Other regions are also actively exploring "internet plus Medical Insurance" payment. As early as 2018, Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province included Wuzhen Internet Hospital in the scope of designated medical institutions for basic medical insurance in the city. Insured patients in this city can use medical insurance for reimbursement when they see a doctor in this hospital. In February of this year, Tianjin Medical Insurance Bureau issued a document to incorporate Internet medical services into the entity designated medical institutions it relies on to implement unified medical insurance agreement management. Since the beginning of this year, many designated medical insurance hospitals in Beijing have opened Internet diagnosis and treatment services, and insured patients can make online follow-up visits, prescribe medicines, and make online real-time medical insurance settlement.

In order to further promote the development of "Internet+medical care" and meet the diverse medical needs of the masses, in March this year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical Security System", demanding the establishment of an effective and efficient medical insurance payment mechanism, innovating the management of medical insurance agreements, and supporting the development of new service models such as "Internet+medical care".

"On the one hand, the payment of’ internet plus Medical Insurance’ solves the problem that people can’t use medical insurance for online medical treatment, on the other hand, it also enables emerging Internet hospitals to get medical insurance support, which is conducive to further developing online medical services." He Bin, a special researcher at the Center for Public Policy Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that some experience has been gained from exploration in various places, but the key to a stable and far-reaching "internet plus medical insurance" is to formulate a standardized charging method for Internet medical services, and do a fine management of medical insurance reimbursement to ensure that every medical insurance expenditure is implemented. (Reporter Shao Yuzi, Li Maoying, Shen Shaotie)

　　Cctv newsAccording to the Hydrological Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at 8: 00 on September 4th, there were still four rivers, namely, Qingwan River, Zhuer River, Yujiang River and Yichang River, which were tributaries of Nanliu River, exceeding the police by 0.26 ~ 1.46 meters.

　　Affected by the subsequent heavy rainfall of Typhoon Sura No.9, Nanliu River and its tributary Qingwan River rose again. It is estimated that the main stream of Nanliu River will continue to rise by 1-2 meters in the next 4-12 hours, in which the flood exceeding the warning level will be about 1.5 meters in the reach of Zhangmu Town (warning level 62.7 meters) in Fumin District of Nanliu River, about 0.8 meters in the reach of Bobai County (warning level 50.2 meters) and about 0.8 meters in the reach of Yulin City, a tributary of Qingwan River (warning level 74.6 meters).

　　The Hydrological Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to issue a blue flood warning at 8: 00 on September 4, reminding Yulin, Guigang, Wuzhou and other cities and the above-mentioned areas along the Yangtze River and the public to strengthen their prevention and avoid risks in time.

"Network security is for the people, and network security depends on the people", implement the principle of "Four Persistences", grasp new requirements and show new achievements.

CCTV’s "simulcast+"invites you to study together and work hard to jointly strengthen the construction of network security system.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

Urban public space has played an irreplaceable multi-function in urban life since its birth, and it is an important place to prosper urban life, highlight urban connotation and reshape urban integrity. At present, China’s urban development has entered an important period from "with or without" to "with or without". Urban public space is one of the most valuable resources to be developed in the city. Revitalizing the existing public space as a carrier to create a green, livable, convenient, inclusive and shared urban life community is not only closely related to the construction and governance of urban space, but also closely related to people’s happy life.

Taking urban renewal as the guide to realize quality improvement and efficiency improvement of public space

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s urban development has entered an important period of urban renewal. An important feature of urban renewal is to change the development mode of large-scale urban construction in the past, and turn to pay equal attention to stock upgrading and incremental structural adjustment. In the process of urban renewal, it is particularly important to respect the law of urban development and develop the value of urban public space resources. From the perspective of local practice, there are mainly three ways.

● Activate old factories or transform old blocks.

By activating old factories or transforming old blocks, the functional quality and humanistic connotation will be promoted and rejuvenated.

At present, it has become a major trend to turn old workshops into art spaces, transform abandoned industrial parks into theme parks, and update old houses and streets into cultural blocks in the center of the city.

For example, in 2021, beijing municipal commission of development and reform approved three typical demonstration projects, namely, the demonstration base of hard science and technology industry in the city sub-center, the permanent meeting place of Beijing International Design Week in Zhangjiawan design town, and the sci-fi industrial cluster in Shougang, which supported the development of high-tech industries. At the same time, it also started important life service street renovation projects, such as Baitasi block, and reconstructed the streetscape of the old city through hardware infrastructure renovation and business upgrading.

● Strengthen green ecological restoration and return to landscape cities.

By transforming the space around the lake and the river, we can return the river to the people, the lake to the people, the shore to the people, and the scenery to the people.

For example, the public spaces on both sides of the Huangpu River in Shanghai have been upgraded and improved, and efforts have been made to create charming waterfront spaces that can be walked, read and have temperature; The plan of "Two Rivers and Four Shores" in Wuhan proposes to connect the coastline, integrate the dock facilities and leave more coastal space for the citizens. The public space upgrading project on the left bank of Yongding River in Beijing uses the waterfront space resources of Yongding River, integrates water conservancy culture, Shougang industrial culture, Fengsha railway culture, Olympic culture, etc., builds an open exhibition corridor, and creates a new bright spot in the Yongding River cultural belt in Xishan.

● Open the unit courtyard and build a complete green public space system.

Through "seamless connection" between courtyard greening and urban greening, we will further fill the shortcomings of infrastructure, create an open block, and realize returning green to the people and sharing facilities.

Since 2015, Changsha, Suqian, Zhengzhou, Quzhou, Taizhou and other places have successively launched the action of opening the unit courtyard. Through high-level overall planning and systematic planning, the greening roads and facilities in the unit courtyard have been made public, and a public park green space system with activity space and service function has been created.

The above three ways are to fully develop and utilize the functions of urban public space through upgrading and transformation, to promote the realization of green, livable, open, inclusive and shared high-quality living environment, to give residents more space for fitness, leisure and public communication, and to make people’s life in the city more convenient, comfortable and better. This is the basic essence of urban renewal, and it is also the inevitable follow for the high-quality development of urban human settlements.

Building a public space governance system with urban governance as the starting point

In essence, urban renewal is no longer a simple process of urban construction, but a process of urban governance, which involves the whole cycle of urban planning, construction, management, operation and service. At present, China has entered a new stage of high-quality development, and it has also reached an important juncture in the transformation from urban management to urban governance. From the perspective of local practice, it is mainly reflected in three aspects.

● Give full play to the main role of the government in the renovation and governance of urban public space.

On the one hand, strengthen the important role of the government in top-level design, and ensure that all policies and plans can be fully and effectively implemented through the government’s coercive power, overall planning and organizational support; On the other hand, we should give play to the important functions of government system integration, supervision and assessment, and ensure the overall and systematic progress of all work.

For example, some cities regard the urban public space governance project as a popular project of the government, which is included in the key content of doing practical things for the masses, and incorporated into the relevant assessment scope of civilized city construction, garden city construction and urban comprehensive management evaluation to be restrained and standardized to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.

● Build a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation.

The renovation and governance of urban public space needs to pay more attention to the relationship between governance subjects. By building a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation, the division of responsibilities of multiple subjects is refined, and corresponding standards and incentives are introduced to realize the marketization and socialization path of urban public space management, service and operation.

Taking the "property city" in Hengqin New District of Zhuhai as an example, the government has outsourced the whole urban public services through the "property city", and the general operator of urban public services has built a platform through the Urban Governance Committee, which has become an important bridge connecting the government, the market and the society. At the same time, it has also provided the whole process management, service and operation for urban public space, public resources and public projects, built a professional platform for urban governance, and built a clear responsibility, partnership and symbiosis.

● Explore a standardized, normalized, scientific and intelligent governance mechanism for urban public space renewal.

The difference between governance and management reflects system governance, legal governance, source governance and comprehensive policy. In the process of exploring urban public space governance, all localities also improve the efficiency of urban system linkage and overall operation by reshaping urban governance structure, optimizing urban governance process and promoting urban governance technology innovation.

For example, Beijing’s transition from "whistling in the streets and towns, reporting to departments" to "handling complaints immediately" and the current active governance is not only a process of changing governance concepts and diversifying governance subjects, but also reflects the upgrading of governance methods and means, focusing on scientific, intelligent and refined efforts.

At present, the construction of new urban infrastructure promoted by various places aims to build an important tool and platform for urban governance through the application of digital, intelligent and networked technologies, and also provide important technical support for ensuring the safe and orderly operation of public spaces and accurate and efficient services.

From the above three aspects, changes in governance concepts, governance systems and governance methods can reshape the environmental order of urban public spaces, make the renovation and governance of urban public spaces more in line with the laws of urban development and people’s needs for a better life, and truly reflect the systematic thinking of urban governance and the value concept of organic life.

Promoting the Co-construction and Sharing of Public Space Based on Co-creation

Urban public space is an important carrier of the close relationship between man and nature, the main place for residents to carry out social communication, and also an important place to build a beautiful environment and a happy life in the city.

Driven by the current concept of urban development, the co-creation of a beautiful environment and a happy life has become an important model and an important follow-up to promote residents’ participation in building a beautiful living environment, which can further promote the co-construction and sharing of urban public spaces. From the perspective of local practice, it can be summarized into three forms.

● Participate in the design and construction of public space.

Community is a place where residents live for a long time, and the affairs of the community are closely related to the residents. The renewal and transformation of communities should guide residents to take the initiative to participate.

For example, many "Participatory Design Workshops" were held in Beijing Changying Small Green Space Renewal Project, and residents were invited to participate in the garden design. Under the guidance of designers, residents expressed their demand for space and suggestions and opinions on the preliminary scheme through group discussion. After the scheme integration, the functional design of "Rose Fairy Tale Garden" was finally determined, and many residents participated in it from the start of the garden to the construction, through painting bottles, paving turf, building flower ponds and building together.

● Build the environmental order of public space together.

On the one hand, in the process of community renewal and transformation, the way of mobilizing residents to contribute money, materials, efforts and methods can change residents’ attitude towards maintaining public environment and order to a certain extent, and promote residents to cherish the fruits of hard work and continuously maintain a beautiful community environment; On the other hand, under the background of community governance led by Party building, we should give full play to the political mobilization and organizational co-ordination of grass-roots party organizations, and jointly promote the maintenance of environmental order in the neighborhood by building a party building alliance of all units in the street. At the same time, community party member double registration, community volunteer activities and social organization participation have also played an important role in guiding garbage sorting and promoting the creation of green communities.

Remodeling the public spirit of urban public space

The essence of urban public space is not the architectural form or landscape style it shows, but the rich and even different urban life it contains. It is this rich and diverse life style that inspires the vitality of public space and reshapes the social structure of public space.

For example, in the scene of community co-governance, Chengdu strengthens residents’ awareness of participation, promotes communication and builds an "acquaintance community" by taking interest activation as the guide and various community activities as the carrier. On this basis, it inspires residents to pay attention to and participate in public affairs independently, and gradually realizes the transformation from "acquaintance community" to "well-ordered community".

The above three forms are all based on urban public space, and more residents are encouraged to participate in the co-construction, co-governance and sharing of public space through organizational participation, party building guidance and scene creation, so as to reshape public spirit and social order.

The author is the National Mayor Training College (Cadre College of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)