CCTV News:On June 21st, WeChat official account, the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, issued a public health protection guide for high temperature and heat waves, with the specific contents as follows.
In order to protect public health, in view of the health problems caused by high-temperature heat waves in summer in China, put forward intervention measures and suggestions for population health risks, guide the public to carry out scientific protection, and prevent and reduce the health hazards of high-temperature heat waves to the population, the Guide for Public Health Protection of High-temperature Heat Waves is specially formulated. This guide is applicable to public health protection in summer when high-temperature heat waves occur. The public should learn the basic knowledge about high-temperature heat waves and health, understand the basic concept of health protection for high-temperature heat waves, and take health protection measures for high-temperature heat waves.
First, the basic knowledge
1. High temperature heat wave
High temperature heat wave grade (GB/T 29457— 2012) defines high-temperature heat wave as a weather process with high temperature, high humidity and long duration, which makes people feel uncomfortable and may threaten public health and life safety, increase energy consumption and affect social production activities.
2. Health effects of high temperature heat wave
High temperature heat wave can directly cause heat-related diseases such as heat rash, heat edema, heat syncope, heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are three different clinical manifestations of severe heatstroke, as follows:
(1) thermal spasm. Short-term and intermittent muscle spasms with contraction pain occur after sweating heavily, which are more common in the muscles of limbs, masticatory muscles and abdominal muscles, especially gastrocnemius muscles, and are symmetrical. The temperature is generally normal.
(2) heat exhaustion. A group of clinical syndromes characterized by insufficient blood volume, such as hyperhidrosis, cold skin, pallor, nausea, dizziness, obviously increased heart rate, hypotension and oliguria, may be accompanied by dizziness and syncope. The body temperature often rises but does not exceed 40℃, and some patients only have a temperature rise in the early stage.
(3) heatstroke. The main clinical manifestations are obvious increase of body temperature and disturbance of consciousness, such as dry and hot skin, anhidrosis, delirium, coma, etc. May be accompanied by generalized epilepsy, rhabdomyolysis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and so on. Body temperature is as high as 40℃ and above.
High temperature heat wave can aggravate the occurrence and development of circulatory, respiratory, urinary and nervous system diseases, and cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke. Causing serious lung diseases; Causing an acute decline in renal function, leading to renal failure in severe cases; It can also cause mental and behavioral disorders, lead to cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression and other mental diseases, and then lead to an increase in accidents and casualties. Excessive exposure to high-intensity ultraviolet radiation during high-temperature heat waves will also have adverse effects on skin and eyes.
3. Key groups for health protection of high temperature and heat wave
There are three main categories of key groups. The first category is sensitive groups, such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. The second category is patients with chronic basic diseases, such as circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, kidney diseases and diabetes; The third category is outdoor workers, such as farmers, construction workers, sanitation workers, couriers and other personnel.
4. Early warning information of high temperature heat wave
(1) High temperature warning signal. The Meteorological Disaster Warning Signal and Defense Guide stipulates that the high temperature warning signal is divided into three levels (see Table 1 for details).

(2) Thermal health risk forecasting and early warning intervention information. Including health risk monitoring, health risk warning and health risk early warning information (see Table 2 for details).

Second, the basic idea
1. Scientific and effective individual protective measures can reduce the health hazards of high-temperature heat waves to a certain extent.
2. Timely release of high-temperature early warning and early warning intervention information of thermal health risk prediction and guidance to the public for scientific protection can effectively reduce health losses.
3. Children, pregnant women, the elderly and other sensitive people, people with chronic basic diseases need to strengthen their own protection under high temperature and heat wave. The health protection of outdoor workers in high temperature and heat wave should be paid attention to.
Third, the general population protection measures and suggestions
1. Keep the indoor environment cool
(1) Maintain proper temperature and humidity. When the indoor temperature is high, cooling equipment can be used to reduce the ambient temperature; At night and in the early morning, the temperature can be lowered by opening the window for ventilation. When the indoor humidity is not suitable, dehumidification or humidification equipment can be used to adjust the indoor humidity.
(2) reduce direct sunlight. Close the window of Chaoyang or use sunshade, curtain, etc. to block the direct sunlight.
(3) Reduce the use of indoor electrical equipment. Turn off unnecessary lights and heat-generating electrical equipment; Prevent fires caused by overload of wires due to excessive electricity consumption.
2. Reduce outdoor high temperature exposure
(1) reduce going out. Try to avoid outdoor physical activities and outdoor sports; If you need to go out for activities, try to avoid going out at high temperature.
(2) pay attention to sun protection. Wear light, loose and light-colored clothes when going out, and use sunscreen products.
(3) move in the shade. Try to avoid high temperature environment and direct sunlight, and should be active in the shade.
(4) Reduce physical exertion. If you need to go out in hot weather, you should reduce strenuous activities and pay attention to rest in time to avoid excessive physical exertion.
3. Pay attention to your health
(1) Prepare heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs. Store heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs properly and take them when the body is not in time (subject to the drug description); If you have chronic underlying diseases or take multiple drugs for a long time, you should consult a doctor.
(2) pay attention to regulating diet. Drink water in time, prepare heatstroke prevention drinks, moderate cold drinks, and avoid drinking drinks containing alcohol, caffeine and a lot of sugar; Eat less and eat more, and the diet should be light and easy to digest.
(3) Pay attention to the changes of body temperature. Measure the body temperature in time. When the body temperature is abnormal, you can use cold water, ice cubes, ice packs, ice towels and other cooling products to physically cool the skin, clothes or neck, and take a bath or shower when conditions permit.
(4) Pay attention to the symptoms of discomfort. Take summer medicine with you when you go out. In case of heatstroke, you can use the medicine to relieve the symptoms. If dizziness, headache, fatigue, thirst, excessive sweating, palpitation, flushing, burning skin, slightly higher body temperature and other symptoms of heatstroke, you should seek help in time, move to the shade as soon as possible to rest, measure your body temperature and replenish water; If muscle spasm occurs, you should immediately rest in the shade and properly supplement drinks containing electrolytes; If the symptoms persist, you should seek medical advice promptly.
(5) Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms are serious. In case of burning skin, confusion, excitement, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, convulsion and/or coma, immediately seek medical attention or call an ambulance, and rest in the shade immediately. Put cooling products in the neck, armpits and groin to cool down, measure the body temperature and keep ventilation.
Iv. Suggestions on protective measures for key populations
On the basis of doing well the protective measures for the general population, key populations need to strengthen their own health protection according to the following measures and suggestions.
1. Sensitive people
(1) Try to avoid high temperature. Avoid strenuous activities, so that the body can get a full rest; Encourage children who play outdoors to stay in the shade as much as possible, and pregnant women and the elderly to stay in cool rooms as much as possible.
(2) Ensure sufficient water and replenish electrolytes. Drink water actively, many times and in moderation, and don’t feel thirsty before drinking water; Properly supplement drinks containing electrolytes and avoid drinking drinks with too much sugar; Pay attention to the urine volume and color. If the urine volume decreases and the color becomes darker, it means that there is insufficient water in the body.
(3) keep in touch. Keep in touch with family and neighbors and get help and care from others in time. Old people living alone should visit every day and leave their contact information with neighbors or communities.
2. Patients with chronic basic diseases
(1) replenish water in time. Drink water actively, many times and in moderation, and don’t feel thirsty before drinking water; If the amount of drinking water is limited due to illness or diuretics need to be taken, ask the doctor about the reasonable amount of drinking water in time.
(2) reduce exercise. Do not engage in strenuous activities, so that the body can get a full rest; If you must exercise, try to arrange a cooler time of the day.
(3) Appropriate electrolyte supplementation. Replenish the electrolyte lost by the body through meals and drinks; If you are on a low-salt diet, you should consult your doctor.
(4) keep in touch. Keep in touch with family and neighbors and get help and care from others in time.
3. Outdoor workers
(1) replenish water and electrolyte. Drink 1 glass of water (200 ml ~ 300 ml) every 15 to 20 minutes in moderate intensity work activities; You should drink water before you are thirsty to keep your body hydrated. Eat meals and drinks containing salt and minerals in time to replenish electrolytes lost by the body.
(2) keep cool. It is advisable to wear reflective clothes and cooling vests with ice packs; Change clothes soaked with sweat in time.
(3) Reasonable arrangement of outdoor operation time. Try to arrange the work with high temperature exposure to a cooler time of the day; Outdoor workers should have regular rest, and rest should be carried out in a cool place or a place with cooling equipment; Shift system can be adopted in high temperature period to increase the rest time and frequency of workers as much as possible.
(4) Prevention of occupational heatstroke. Reduce the labor intensity and slow down the labor speed. If there are symptoms of heatstroke, you should immediately move to the shade and rest, and drink some water to cool down; If the condition is serious, you should seek medical treatment or call an ambulance immediately.
(5)Regular physical examination. Outdoor workers should have regular occupational health examination and emergency occupational health examination before and during their posts, and it is strictly forbidden to suffer from chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, and systemic bruise area ≥ 20%, epilepsy and other personnel engaged in high temperature operations.