Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance issued the Report on the Implementation of Fiscal Policy in China in 2023. Details are as follows:

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　　The year 2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is also a year of economic recovery and development after three years of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhered to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, comprehensively deepened reform and opening up, intensified macro-control, focused on expanding domestic demand, optimizing the structure, boosting confidence, and preventing and defusing risks. China’s economy rebounded to a good and high-quality development, and made solid progress in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　The financial departments at all levels adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, follow the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, intensify efforts to improve efficiency, implement a proactive fiscal policy, strengthen financial management supervision, and combine macro-control, focus on expanding domestic demand, foster new development momentum, and prevent and resolve risks, thus effectively promoting the sound and high-quality development of China’s economic operation.

　　First, support the development of business entities. At the beginning of the year, we will clearly continue and optimize some tax and fee policies, and in the second half of the year, according to the changes in the economic situation, we will continue, optimize and improve a number of expired tax and fee policies to further reduce the tax burden of business entities and accurately support the high-quality development of the real economy such as manufacturing. In the whole year, the new tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund deferred fees exceeded 2.2 trillion yuan. We will promote government financing guarantee institutions at all levels to increase credit support for small and micro enterprises. In the whole year, the scale of new re-guarantee cooperation business of the national financing guarantee fund was 1.31 trillion yuan, up 8.67% year-on-year. We will carry out pilot projects to transform small and medium-sized enterprises into digital cities, continue to do a good job in financial awards and subsidies for specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, actively play the leading role of government investment funds, and continuously enhance the momentum of enterprise innovation and development.

　　The second is to focus on expanding effective domestic demand. We will continue and optimize the vehicle purchase tax reduction and exemption policy for new energy vehicles, and support the construction and operation of charging and replacing infrastructure. The annual sales of new energy vehicles increased by 37.9%. We will introduce preferential tax and fee policies to support the development of the national film industry and promote the consumption of the service industry. Efforts will be made to build the circulation network of key cities, build the rural commercial and trade circulation system, and newly support 10 cities to implement the national comprehensive freight hub to supplement the chain and strengthen the chain, and continuously smooth the logistics network. Newly supported 15 cities to carry out demonstration of sponge city construction, improve urban drainage and waterlogging prevention capacity, and enhance urban resilience. We will speed up the issuance and use of local government special bonds. A total of 3.7 trillion yuan of new special bonds were issued for project construction throughout the year, and more than 35,000 projects were supported, which led to the expansion of effective investment.

　　The third is to speed up the construction of a modern industrial system. Increase investment in basic research and fully guarantee key core technologies. Increase the pre-tax deduction ratio of R&D expenses of enterprises in qualified industries from 75% to 100%, and implement it as an institutional arrangement for a long time to guide manufacturing enterprises and other enterprises to increase R&D investment. Give play to the role of relevant special funds in the manufacturing sector and focus on supporting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. We will introduce a policy of adding and deducting value-added tax for advanced manufacturing enterprises to further reduce the tax burden of enterprises in relevant key industrial chains.

　　The fourth is to continuously strengthen the protection of people’s livelihood. We will continue to reduce unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates, continue to implement the steady return of unemployment insurance, optimize and adjust the one-time employment subsidy policy, and promote the overall improvement of the employment situation. The average unemployment rate in urban surveys in the whole year decreased by 0.4 percentage points over the previous year. We will improve the funding guarantee mechanism for compulsory education, continue to implement the policy of interest-free and deferred repayment of principal for national student loans, and substantially increase the upper limit of the amount of national student loans for junior college students and graduate students. We will raise the funds for basic public health services and the per capita financial subsidy standard for urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance, steadily implement the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, and timely release 156.683 billion yuan of relief subsidies for people in need, so as to further secure social security. An additional 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds will be issued specifically for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and to enhance disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities.

　　The fifth is to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. We will strengthen the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products, build, transform and upgrade high-standard farmland, grant a one-time subsidy of 10 billion yuan to actual grain farmers, improve the subsidy policy for corn and soybean producers, and expand the implementation scope of full cost insurance and planting income insurance for the three major grain crops. The central government’s convergence will further increase the subsidy funds for rural revitalization, giving priority to the development of rich agricultural industries in the agricultural belt. We will implement a new round of policies to develop a new rural collective economy, carry out a demonstration of centralized and contiguous protection and utilization of traditional villages, and further promote comprehensive rural reform.

　　Sixth, we will continue to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization. Adhere to the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, fight the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land, implement and improve the subsidy policy for clean heating in winter in northern China, include 12 cities in the pilot area of rural black and odorous water treatment, increase the construction of horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in river basins, strengthen the management and protection of ecosystems, support the development of seven integrated protection and restoration projects of mountains, rivers, lakes, grass and sand, and enhance the diversity and stability of important ecosystems such as forests, grasses, mines and oceans.

　　First, the financial operation is generally stable and the budget implementation is good.

　　Benefiting from the economic recovery, coupled with the implementation of large-scale value-added tax rebate in 2022 to lower the base, fiscal revenue resumed growth in 2023; We maintained necessary expenditures, strengthened financial support for major national strategic tasks, and strengthened support for key areas such as tackling key scientific and technological problems, rural revitalization, and ecological and environmental protection. The annual budget implementation was generally good.

　　(1) The economic recovery is improving, and the fiscal revenue has resumed growth.

　　In 2023, the national general public budget revenue was 21,678.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.4%. Among them, the central general public budget revenue was 9,956.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.9%; The local general public budget revenue at this level was 11,721.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.8%. In terms of regions, the income of the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions increased by 6.7%, 6.9%, 10.7% and 12% respectively, and the fiscal revenue of all 31 provinces in China achieved positive growth.

　　In terms of tax revenue, in 2023, the national tax revenue was 18,112.9 billion yuan, up 8.7% year-on-year. Among them, the domestic value-added tax was 6,933.2 billion yuan, up 42.3% year-on-year, mainly due to the large amount of tax rebates left over last year and the low base. The domestic consumption tax was 1,611.8 billion yuan, down 3.5% year-on-year. Corporate income tax was 4,109.8 billion yuan, down 5.9% year-on-year. Personal income tax was 1,477.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 1%. Stamp duty was 378.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 13.8%. In terms of non-tax revenue, in 2023, the national non-tax revenue was 3,565.5 billion yuan, down 3.7% year-on-year.

　　(two) to maintain the necessary expenditure intensity, key areas have been effectively guaranteed.

　　Financial departments at all levels should strengthen the overall planning of financial funds, optimize the combination of financial deficits, special debts, interest subsidies and other tools, and maintain the necessary expenditure intensity. At the beginning of 2023, the fiscal deficit ratio will be arranged at 3%. In order to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and enhance the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the issuance of 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds in the fourth quarter, all of which were arranged to local governments through transfer payments. In the whole year, the national general public budget expenditure was 27,457.4 billion yuan, an increase of 5.4%. Among them, the central general public budget expenditure at this level was 3,821.9 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4%; The local general public budget expenditure was 23,635.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%. We will continue to optimize the expenditure structure, strengthen financial support for major national strategic tasks, and give strong support to key areas. Social security and employment expenditure increased by 8.9%, education expenditure by 4.5%, science and technology expenditure by 7.9%, agriculture, forestry and water expenditure by 6.5%, and urban and rural community expenditure by 5.7%.

　　(3) Firmly adhere to the concept of living a tight life and continuously improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation.

　　Taking the party and government organs to live a tight life as a long-term guiding principle of financial work runs through budget preparation, budget implementation, asset management, government procurement and other aspects. The central departments take the lead in living a tight life, strengthen the source control of budget preparation, strictly control general expenditures, strengthen the budget management of "three public funds" and reduce administrative operating costs. In 2023, the budget for the "three public" funds at the central level decreased by 20% compared with 2019. Strengthen the constraints of budget implementation, and solve the newly introduced policy of increasing expenditure and additional budgetary matters in accordance with the relevant provisions of the budget law. Evaluate the tight life of the central departments on a quarterly basis, link the evaluation results with the departmental budget arrangements, and promote the departments to be careful and thrifty. We will continue to urge local governments to strictly implement the requirements for a tight life, strengthen the management of funds and projects, strengthen daily supervision, and promote the standardized and efficient use of financial funds.

　　Two, strengthen the supply of fiscal and taxation policies, help the development of business entities.

　　Strengthen the study of countercyclical adjustment and policy reserve, continue, optimize, improve and implement the policy of tax reduction and fee reduction, innovate and improve the assistance measures, support the development of business entities to help them out, and promote the sustained recovery of the national economy and the overall recovery. In the whole year, the new tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund deferred fees exceeded 2.2 trillion yuan, of which the new tax reduction and fee reduction was about 1.57 trillion yuan, and the tax refund was about 650 billion yuan. Small and medium-sized enterprises and manufacturing industries benefited the most.

　　(1) Optimize and improve the tax reduction and fee reduction policies.

　　First, make clear the follow-up arrangements for the preferential policies for expired taxes and fees as soon as possible. On the basis of comprehensive evaluation, we will continue, optimize and improve more than 70 preferential tax and fee policies in batches, and grasp the timing, intensity and rhythm. Most of the policies will continue directly until the end of 2027. We will continue to implement the preferential policy of reducing or exempting small-scale taxpayers’ value-added tax, expand the scope of individual industrial and commercial households enjoying a 50% reduction in personal income tax, uniformly levy "six taxes and two fees" on small and micro enterprises, and levy a 50% reduction in urban land use tax on the land used for bulk commodity storage facilities of logistics enterprises. We will focus on improving the quality of supply and expanding effective demand, focusing on supporting the development of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, strengthening and improving the real economy, promoting income and consumption to protect people’s livelihood, supporting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and supporting the stable

　　The second is to accurately implement the new preferential tax and fee policies. Focus on specific areas and key links, study and introduce new tax reduction policies in time, including increasing the proportion of R&D expenses plus deduction for integrated circuit and industrial mother machine enterprises, and enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation; Improve the special additional deduction standard of personal income tax for infant care, children’s education and support for the elderly under 3 years old, and further reduce the burden of family childbearing and support for the elderly; Give preferential taxes and fees to the construction transactions of affordable housing projects to support the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　(2) The employment policy of stabilizing posts has improved efficiency and strength.

　　The first is to strengthen financial support. In 2023, the central government issued an employment subsidy fund budget of 66.743 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year. Guide local governments to make good use of employment subsidy funds, unemployment insurance funds, vocational skills upgrading action funds, and support the implementation of various employment and entrepreneurship support policies. We will continue to implement demonstration projects to improve the public employment service capacity, so as to promote the overall improvement of the national employment service capacity.

　　The second is to increase efforts to help enterprises stabilize their posts. We will continue to reduce unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance rates, continue to implement phased job stabilization policies such as the return of unemployment insurance and the early payment of employment trainee subsidies, and support business entities to solve problems and stabilize their jobs.

　　The third is to focus on the employment of key groups. Put the promotion of employment of key groups such as college graduates in a more prominent position, optimize and adjust the policies of one-time employment subsidy and one-time post expansion subsidy, continuously increase assistance and broaden employment channels. We will promote the stabilization and expansion of the scale of migrant workers, especially those who are out of poverty, strengthen employment assistance for disadvantaged groups such as the disabled and family members with zero employment, and improve the employment assistance mechanism.

　　The fourth is to strengthen vocational skills training. Relax the conditions for applying for skills upgrading subsidies, carry out the construction of national-level high-skilled personnel training bases and skill master studios, improve the skill level of workers, and alleviate structural employment contradictions.

　　The fifth is to support the incremental expansion of entrepreneurial guarantee loans. We will increase the interest subsidy for business guarantee loans, and allocate 7.948 billion yuan of interest subsidy and bonus funds for business guarantee loans throughout the year. The Measures for the Administration of Special Funds for Development in inclusive finance were revised and promulgated, which raised the upper limit of individual and small and micro enterprises’ entrepreneurial guarantee loans to 300,000 yuan and 4 million yuan respectively, and continuously increased financial support for entrepreneurial employment.

　　(3) Financing support continued to increase.

　　First, the incentive and compensation policy for financing guarantee fee reduction for small and micro enterprises was implemented in depth. In 2023, the central government issued 3 billion yuan of bonus funds to guide local governments to expand the scale of financing guarantee business for small and micro enterprises and reduce the financing guarantee rate for small and micro enterprises. Compared with before the implementation of the policy (2017), the number of financing guarantee businesses of small and micro enterprises increased by 245%, the annualized guarantee amount increased by 119%, and the annualized guarantee rate decreased by 97 basis points.

　　Second, the equity financing of small and medium-sized enterprises has been increasing. Give full play to the role of the National Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Development Fund (hereinafter referred to as the Small and Medium-sized Fund), and drive social capital to jointly support the innovative development of growing small and medium-sized enterprises in seed stage and initial stage. By the end of 2023, small and medium-sized funds had invested 36 Zhi Zi funds and 3 direct investment projects. Among them, the total subscription scale of 36 Zhi Zi Fund is about 98.8 billion yuan, and the subscription of small and medium-sized funds is about 26.94 billion yuan. The central financial funds are amplified by the mother and child funds, and more than 8 times of social funds are mobilized to jointly carry out equity investment in small and medium-sized enterprises. The sub-fund has completed more than 1,400 investment projects with a total investment of 47.8 billion yuan. Among them, the amount of investment in small and medium-sized enterprises in seed stage and initial stage accounted for 71.9%.

　　Third, the role of government financing guarantee re-guarantee institutions at all levels has been effectively played. We will steadily expand the re-guarantee business scale of the national financing guarantee fund. In 2023, the re-guarantee cooperation business scale of the national financing guarantee fund reached 1.31 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.67% year-on-year. Improve the government financing guarantee system. The State Financing Guarantee Fund cooperates with all 35 provincial re-guarantee institutions and more than 1,500 city and county guarantee institutions nationwide, covering 2,602 counties (districts). Reduce the financing cost of small and micro enterprises, and the average guarantee rate and loan interest rate of re-guarantee cooperation business will decrease in 2023.

　　(D) The function of government procurement policy is better played.

　　The first is to support industrial growth. Accelerate the construction of a government procurement support innovation policy system in line with international rules, formulate clear government procurement demand standards for seven types of products, including desktop computers, portable computers, integrated computers, workstations, general-purpose servers, operating systems and databases, and guide the innovative development of the information industry.

　　The second is to promote green development. Improve the standard system of government green procurement demand, and issue the "Implementation Guide for Government Procurement Supporting Green Building Materials to Promote Building Quality" to guide relevant cities to implement the policy requirements.

　　The third is to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Guide all localities and departments to strictly implement preferential policies and measures for reserved shares and price evaluation, and encourage large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises to form consortia or subcontract to further expand the contract share of small and medium-sized enterprises. The policy period of increasing the reserved share of government procurement projects for SMEs to more than 40% will be extended to the end of 2025. Provide commercial banks with government procurement information of central departments in a timely manner to facilitate the financing of government procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　The fourth is to help rural revitalization. Organize the central and local budget units to fill in the reserved share in 2023 and purchase agricultural and sideline products in poverty-stricken areas. By the end of 2023, budget units at all levels had purchased 10.6 billion yuan of agricultural and sideline products in poverty-stricken areas through the "832 platform".

　　Third, strengthen the guidance of innovation and promote positive progress in the construction of modern industrial system.

　　In-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, adhere to the priority protection of science and technology as the key areas of fiscal expenditure, and make overall use of policy tools such as financial subsidies, loan interest subsidies, tax incentives, etc., to enhance the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain, promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, and significantly accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system.

　　(a) vigorously support scientific and technological innovation, high-level science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement to take steady steps.

　　First, investment in basic research continued to increase. In 2023, the central government spent 86.65 billion yuan on basic research, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. We will improve the basic research investment mechanism combining competitive support with stable support, innovate scientific research funding methods, and support China Academy of Sciences to carry out pilot projects of stable support for outstanding young teams in basic research. Improve the diversified investment system of basic research and guide the whole society to increase investment.

　　Second, major national science and technology projects were implemented steadily. We will improve the financial fund management mechanism that adapts to the new national system of tackling key core technologies, fully guarantee the fund demand for tackling key core technologies, and support the layout and implementation of a number of strategic, overall and forward-looking major national science and technology projects. Effectively guarantee the organization and implementation of major projects in 2030, accelerate the arrangement of major scientific and technological projects, and promote China’s important achievements in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, brain science and other research fields.

　　Third, the national strategic scientific and technological strength has been further strengthened. Ensure the construction and development of national laboratories, increase stable support for central-level scientific research institutes, and promote the improvement of scientific research capabilities to undertake major national strategic tasks. Support national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading enterprises in science and technology to innovate together and form a joint force to enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.

　　Fourth, new progress has been made in the construction of high-level scientific and technological talents. Support the training of more strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams around the major needs of the country. Promote the natural science foundation to move forward to the funding port, and encourage outstanding undergraduate students to undertake scientific fund projects.

　　(2) Actively promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and continuously optimize the economic structure.

　　The first is to promote the upgrading of industrial basic capabilities and the optimization and upgrading of industrial chains. Through special funds for manufacturing, we will focus on key strategic industrial chains, support systematic research, accelerate the promotion of key technologies and key industries to make up for shortcomings, and improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Continue to implement the insurance compensation policy for the first (set) of major technical equipment and key new materials, and promote the popularization and application of innovative products of major technical equipment and new materials. Give play to the role of government investment funds in the manufacturing sector, guide social capital to increase investment in key areas of manufacturing, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading.

　　The second is to improve the tax policy that encourages enterprises to develop and innovate. The policy of adding and deducting value-added tax for advanced manufacturing enterprises will be introduced, and the proportion of adding and deducting R&D expenses for enterprises in integrated circuits and industrial machine tools industries will be increased to 120%, further reducing the tax burden of enterprises in relevant key industrial chains.

　　The third is to promote the digital transformation of SMEs. Organize and carry out pilot projects for small and medium-sized enterprises to transform into digital cities, and the central government will give a fixed reward of 1-150 million yuan to the pilot cities. In 2023, the pilot selection of the first batch of 30 small and medium-sized enterprises in digital transformation cities will be completed, and 3.01 billion yuan will be awarded to support the pilot cities to promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.

　　The fourth is to promote the high-quality development of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. The central government allocated 1.27 billion yuan to support the high-quality development of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. By the end of 2023, it had supported the high-quality development of 1,922 national key "little giant" enterprises, and promoted the cultivation of more than 12,000 national "little giant" enterprises and more than 100,000 provincial-level specialized and innovative enterprises.

　　Fourth, actively promote consumption and expand investment, and domestic demand will continue to recover and expand steadily.

　　Adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, make overall plans to promote consumption and expand investment, and comprehensively use tax incentives, special funds, government bonds and other policy tools for production, circulation and consumption to promote consumption to show a good recovery trend, promote the expansion of effective investment, and promote the formation of a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between consumption and investment.

　　(1) Implement and improve fiscal and taxation policies and measures to promote the rapid recovery of household consumption.

　　First, continue and optimize the vehicle purchase tax reduction and exemption policy for new energy vehicles. Extend the vehicle purchase tax reduction and exemption policy for new energy vehicles to the end of 2027, and set tax reduction and exemption limits to support the stabilization and expansion of new energy vehicle consumption. In 2023, the sales volume of new energy vehicles reached 9.495 million, a year-on-year increase of 37.9%.

　　Second, special funds for the development of the national film industry will be exempted in stages. It is clear that from May 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023, the special funds for the development of the national film industry will be exempted. The exemption policy covers the three major periods of May Day, summer vacation and National Day, which effectively boosts industry confidence and helps the recovery of consumption.

　　Third, in-depth support for all localities to carry out county-level commercial construction actions. The central government allocated 4.24 billion yuan for the development of the service industry, continued to support the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to carry out in-depth county-level commercial construction, and tilted to the weak areas in the central and western regions, guiding the localities to focus on the county-level rural commercial network system and rural logistics distribution, and speeding up the completion of the shortcomings of rural commercial facilities. In 2023, 1,044 county-level comprehensive business service centers, 4,195 township-level business centers and 45,353 village-level convenience stores were newly built and renovated. The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 6.4 trillion yuan, up 8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.9 percentage points faster than that of cities and towns.

　　(2) Give play to the leading role of government investment and promote the continuous optimization of investment quality structure.

　　In 2023, the amount of local government special bonds will be increased by 3.8 trillion yuan, giving priority to supporting projects with high maturity and projects under construction. Appropriately expand the investment scope of special bonds and the scope of project capital, include the transformation of villages in cities, 5G integration facilities, etc., and include heating and gas supply as the scope of project capital, encourage and attract social capital to participate, and promote a number of major projects such as transportation, water conservancy and energy that are beneficial to the present and the long term. Supervise and guide all localities to speed up the issuance and use, and give full play to the benefits of bond funds as soon as possible. At the same time, some new local government debt limits in 2024 will be issued in advance to support major project construction, promote the formation of physical workload, and give full play to the role of local government bonds in stimulating the economy.

　　Five, strengthen the people’s livelihood security, and strive to do a good job in people’s livelihood.

　　Adhere to the promotion of people’s livelihood and well-being in high-quality development, continuously increase investment in people’s livelihood, focus on solving the urgent problems of the people, and continuously improve the level of basic medical care, education, basic old-age care, and promote the continuous improvement of people’s lives.

　　(1) The construction of a high-quality education system has been solidly promoted.

　　First, investment in education has grown steadily. We will implement the financial investment requirement of "one is generally not lower than the other, and the other two will only increase but not decrease". In 2023, the national general public budget expenditure on education will be 4,124.2 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year. From 2012 to 2022, the proportion of national fiscal education expenditure to GDP remained above 4% for 11 consecutive years. The allocation of funds focuses on compulsory education, the central and western regions, teachers and students, and efforts are made to fill the shortcomings and weaknesses in the field of education.

　　The second is to help education equity advance steadily. We will raise the benchmark quota of public funds per student in compulsory education schools, from 650 yuan to 720 yuan in primary schools and from 850 yuan to 940 yuan in junior high schools. Support the implementation of the student nutrition improvement plan, benefiting about 35 million rural students. Strengthen the inclusive development of preschool education and special education, increase the supply of inclusive preschool education resources, and improve the basic conditions for running special education schools. Continue to improve the basic conditions for running ordinary high schools in counties, eliminate "large classes" and speed up the filling of shortcomings in ordinary high schools in counties. The implementation of national scholarships, tuition-free (miscellaneous) subsidies and other student aid policies benefited about 100 million people. We raised the maximum loan amount of the national student loan by 4,000 yuan, reduced the interest rate of the national student loan by 30 basis points, and continued to implement the national student loan interest-free and principal deferred repayment policy, benefiting about 11 million people.

　　Third, the ability of high-quality development of educational services has been effectively improved. In six provinces, we will carry out a pilot project of differentiated per-student funding system for vocational education based on major categories, and promote the construction of high-level vocational schools and majors with China characteristics. Optimize the expenditure structure of central universities, give preferential support to the reform and development of high-level research universities and the training of high-level talents and talents in short supply, and speed up the construction of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with China characteristics.

　　(2) The level of social security has been steadily improved.

　　First, the old-age security system has been gradually improved. We will steadily implement the national overall planning of endowment insurance, and adjust the funds of 271.6 billion yuan as a whole throughout the year, effectively solving the current gap of local funds. The basic old-age pension for retirees will be raised according to the national overall ratio of 3.8%, and the central government will issue about 1 trillion yuan of subsidy funds to support the timely and full payment of basic old-age insurance benefits in various places. We will implement tax incentives for individual pensions and support the trial implementation of the individual pension system in 36 regions.

　　Second, social assistance and social welfare protection are more powerful. The central government issued a subsidy of 156.683 billion yuan to help needy people, supporting all localities to make overall plans to do a good job in subsistence allowances, assistance and support for destitute people, temporary assistance, assistance for vagrants and beggars, basic living security for orphans, and basic old-age service assistance for the disabled elderly. At the same time, efforts will be made to promote the renovation of old-age service facilities in urban and rural communities, and support all localities to coordinate the rehabilitation and care of the disabled, as well as the renovation of dilapidated buildings and earthquake-resistant renovation of rural houses for key targets such as low-income groups in rural areas.

　　Third, the investment in preferential treatment and pensions continued to increase. We will continue to raise the standard of pensions and living allowances for special care recipients. In 2023, the central government issued a subsidy of 65.58 billion yuan for special care recipients to continuously improve their living standards. The central government allocated 2.38 billion yuan for medical security for the special care recipients, subsidizing their insurance contributions, hospitalization and outpatient expenses. Through the central special lottery public welfare fund to support some special care hospitals to purchase commonly used medical (rehabilitation) equipment, etc., to enhance their service capabilities and better meet the medical and support needs of disabled veterans and other special care recipients.

　　(3) flood control and disaster relief work has been fully guaranteed.

　　First, allocate the central natural disaster relief funds efficiently and quickly. A total of 22 rapid pre-allocation mechanisms were launched throughout the year, with pre-allocation first and liquidation later, and a total of 12.175 billion yuan of central natural disaster relief funds were issued to support the affected areas in coping with major natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes and floods.

　　Second, the issuance of treasury bonds to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and the improvement of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities. In the fourth quarter of 2023, 1 trillion yuan of government bonds will be issued, all of which will be arranged to local governments through transfer payments. The funds are mainly used in eight aspects, including: post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in North China, focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities; Key flood control projects focusing on the northern areas such as Haihe River and Songhua River Basin; Natural disaster emergency capacity improvement project; Other key flood control projects; Irrigation district construction and renovation and key soil erosion control projects; Action to improve urban drainage and flood prevention capacity; Construction project of comprehensive prevention and control system for key natural disasters; Construction of high-standard farmland in northeast China and disaster-stricken areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　The third is to actively carry out winter and spring relief work for the affected people. The winter and spring relief work was deployed 20 days earlier than in previous years, and 4.846 billion yuan of winter and spring relief funds were allocated to the severely affected areas such as North China, Northeast China and South China, and the key counties for rural revitalization, the original deep poverty areas of "three districts and three States" and the cold and cold areas, so as to ensure the warmth of the affected people for the winter.

　　The fourth is to strengthen the management of disaster relief materials reserves. Timely release the 452 million yuan central emergency rescue and relief materials reserve procurement plan, enrich the reserve inventory, and prepare for emergency relief.

　　(four) to help the overall improvement of health care.

　　The first is to promote the continuous improvement of public health service capacity. The per capita financial subsidy standard for basic public health service funds has been raised in 5 yuan, reaching 89 yuan per person per year. The central government issued 72.509 billion yuan of basic public health service subsidy funds to support local governments to provide basic public health services such as health management for key populations and "two cancers" examination for rural women for all urban and rural residents. We allocated 20.88 billion yuan for the prevention and control of major infectious diseases, and strengthened the prevention and control of major infectious diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis. We will implement demonstration projects of public hospital reform and high-quality development, select 15 cities to further promote Sanming’s medical reform experience according to local conditions, and the central government will subsidize 500 million yuan for each demonstration project. Promote the inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine, select 15 cities to implement demonstration pilot projects of inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine, and the central government will subsidize 200 million yuan for each project. We will implement demonstration projects for the development of inclusive child care services, select 15 cities to explore the high-quality development path of inclusive child care services, and the central government will subsidize 100 million yuan for each demonstration project.

　　Second, the level of basic medical security has steadily improved. The central government issued 384 billion yuan of medical insurance subsidies for urban and rural residents to support the consolidation and improvement of the basic medical security level. We will continue to raise the per capita financial subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, reaching 640 yuan per person per year, an increase of 30 yuan over the previous year. The central government issued 29.7 billion yuan of subsidies for urban and rural medical assistance, supporting all localities to subsidize eligible needy people to participate in basic medical insurance, and subsidizing their unaffordable out-of-pocket medical expenses, thus consolidating the guarantee of medical assistance.

　　The third is to promote the improvement of the primary health care service system. Support all localities to consolidate the achievements of the reform of the basic drug system. Support projects such as capacity building of county medical and health institutions, capacity building of medical services in high-altitude areas, and capacity improvement of township hospitals in the western region to enhance the service capabilities of various medical and health institutions at all levels. Support the implementation of rural order-oriented free training of medical students, county and rural health personnel capacity improvement training and other talent training projects, and increase support for grassroots medical personnel training.

　　(5) Promoting the improvement of the public cultural service system.

　　Support local governments to implement the national guiding standards for basic public cultural services and local implementation standards, and implement projects such as public welfare performances of operas, household access to radio and television, and the construction of county-level emergency broadcasting systems in young and old areas and underdeveloped areas, so as to improve the digital service level of public culture. Promote public cultural service facilities such as museums, memorial halls, public libraries and art galleries to be open to the public free of charge according to regulations, and improve the efficiency of basic public cultural services. Support the training and selection of cultural workers for hard and remote areas and grassroots frontline, and accelerate the construction of grassroots cultural talents. We will continue to arrange the National Art Fund, the National Publishing Fund, special funds for fine films and special funds for the high-quality development of TV dramas, and support the launch of fine masterpieces. Support the successful hosting of the Hangzhou Asian Games and the Chengdu Universiade, and promote the extensive development of the national fitness campaign.

　　Six, accelerate the pace of agricultural and rural modernization, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

　　Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, actively play the role of financial functions, effectively strengthen investment guarantee, optimize policy supply, and provide strong support for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Implement major national regional strategies, implement new urbanization strategies, and promote coordinated regional development to a higher level and higher quality.

　　(1) The ability to ensure food security has been continuously improved.

　　The first is to promote the in-depth implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the land. We will allocate 92 billion yuan to support the construction, renovation and upgrading of 80 million mu of high-standard farmland. Through the issuance of national debt in 2023, 125.365 billion yuan will be arranged to support the construction of high-standard farmland in the northeast region and the disaster-stricken areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Support Jilin Province and Shandong Province to take the lead in carrying out the pilot project of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Strengthen the improvement of cultivated land quality and the protection and utilization of black land, and arrange 9.936 billion yuan to support the implementation of grain and bean rotation in Northeast China, Huang Huai Hai and other regions, and arrange 5 billion yuan to support the implementation of black land protection and utilization in Northeast China.

　　The second is to support the strong implementation of the strategy of storing grain in technology. We will arrange subsidies of 23.6 billion yuan for the purchase and application of agricultural machinery, mainly support the purchase and use of machines and tools needed for the production of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton and sugarcane, and accelerate the application of Beidou automatic driving system and intelligent terminals in agricultural production. Support the protection of germplasm resources, the determination of production performance and the promotion of major crop varieties. Subsidies will be given to provinces that undertake the task of demonstrating and promoting soybean and corn strip compound planting in key suitable areas. In Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and other 10 major double-cropping rice producing provinces, support individuals engaged in centralized seedling raising and agricultural production and operation organizations to build centralized seedling raising facilities.

　　Third, the supply system of important agricultural products has been further consolidated. Focusing on soybeans and corn, we will carry out nationwide actions to increase the unit yield of grain and oil scale growers. Support the relevant provinces to develop winter fallow fields and expand winter rapeseed, and complete the expansion of winter rapeseed by more than 10 million mu. Support Guangxi and Yunnan to expand the supply and promotion of sugarcane varieties and the level of hoist harvesting, and carry out the renewal and tending of low-yield and low-quality rubber plantations. Promote the improvement of the production capacity of dairy counties, and carry out alfalfa development actions, grain-to-feed, incremental upgrading of beef cattle and mutton sheep, improved seed subsidies, and beekeeping quality improvement actions.

　　Fourth, farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain was effectively mobilized. We will steadily implement subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility. In 2023, the central government allocated 121.485 billion yuan, an increase of 1 billion yuan over the previous year. In the critical period of spring ploughing production, a one-time subsidy of 10 billion yuan will be given to the actual grain farmers. Support the appropriate increase in the minimum purchase price of wheat and early indica rice, improve the subsidy policy for corn and soybean producers, steadily implement the rice subsidy policy, increase the incentives for major grain-producing counties, and realize the "18 consecutive increases" in the amount of incentive funds.

　　Fifth, the ability of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation and disaster relief has been effectively improved. We will implement subsidies for "one spray for three defenses" for wheat and "one spray for more promotion" for corn and soybeans. Timely release 8.403 billion yuan of disaster relief funds, and actively respond to natural disasters such as "rotten rain" in Henan and other places, severe floods in the northeast of North China, and local drought in the northwest. Effectively respond to the impact of floods in Haihe River basin, pre-allocate compensation funds for national flood storage and detention areas, and complete the compensation issued by capital settlement at the end of 2023, and give subsidies according to the proportion of 70% of the central finance.

　　Sixth, the insurance protection of bulk agricultural products has been increasing. We will extend the full cost insurance and planting income insurance for the three major grain crops to all major grain-producing counties in China. In the whole year, 47.766 billion yuan of agricultural insurance premium subsidies were allocated, a year-on-year increase of 10%, providing 4.5 trillion yuan of risk protection for about 160 million households. Implement a comprehensive insurance policy for natural rubber. Guiding China Agricultural Reinsurance Co., Ltd. to play the role of the main channel, the annual reinsurance business scale is about 28 billion yuan, providing reinsurance protection for agricultural production of about 1 trillion yuan.

　　(2) Rural revitalization was solidly promoted.

　　First, the results of poverty alleviation continued to consolidate and expand. The central government allocated 175 billion yuan to promote rural revitalization subsidy funds (hereinafter referred to as bridging funds), with the same caliber increasing by 10 billion yuan compared with the previous year, and continued to give preferential treatment to key areas such as national rural revitalization counties. The central special lottery public welfare fund of 2.4 billion yuan will be arranged to support 48 revolutionary old districts and counties to start the construction of rural revitalization demonstration zones and explore rural revitalization paths with the characteristics of old districts. Closely monitor the use of bridging funds, carry out performance evaluation of bridging funds and strengthen the application of results to improve the effectiveness of fund use.

　　Second, rural development and rural construction have been solidly promoted. We will allocate 11.438 billion yuan to support the creation of 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 towns with strong agricultural industries, and accelerate the construction of a modern rural industrial system. It is clear that a new round of policies to support the development of new rural collective economy will be implemented in 2023-2027, and about 100,000 villages will continue to be supported to develop new rural collective economy, of which 10.39 billion yuan will be specially arranged by the central government in 2023 to support the development of new rural collective economy in 20,000 villages nationwide. Support qualified rural collective economic organizations, farmers’ professional cooperatives, agricultural service specialized households, agricultural production service enterprises and supply and marketing cooperatives to carry out agricultural socialization services. Reward and supplement the construction of micro-and small-scale public welfare facilities in the "outdoor village" agreed by the villagers democratically, carry out pilot projects for the construction of red and beautiful villages, and support qualified counties (cities, districts) to carry out pilot projects related to comprehensive rural reform. Guide local governments to promote rural toilet improvement according to local conditions, promote the protection of rural drinking water safety and improve rural living environment.

　　(3) Regional coordinated development continued to deepen.

　　We will further improve differentiated fiscal and taxation policies, promote the implementation of major regional strategies and regional coordinated development strategies such as coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast, and strive to build a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development. We will continue to focus on the old revolutionary base areas, border areas and resource-exhausted cities, promote the settlement of people’s livelihood policy debts in key areas and special areas, promote the development of various social undertakings, and further enhance the balance and coordination of regional development. Establish an incentive and restraint mechanism for coal production, and increase the transfer payment for major coal transferred out of provinces.

　　(4) The new urbanization strategy was implemented in depth.

　　First, the demonstration work of sponge city construction continued to be implemented. We will continue to systematically promote the demonstration of sponge cities throughout the country during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and select and determine 15 demonstration cities through competitive evaluation. In 2023, a total of 15 billion yuan was allocated to ensure the smooth development of the demonstration work. At the same time, the performance evaluation of the demonstration subsidy funds for sponge city construction in 2022 was carried out, and 13 cities including Zhangzhou, Fujian and Changzhi, Shanxi were rated as A-level.

　　The second is to promote the effective protection and utilization of traditional villages. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, the second batch of 30 demonstration counties for centralized contiguous protection and utilization of traditional villages were selected, and 1.5 billion yuan of central financial subsidies were issued to encourage local governments to explore effective ways to protect traditional villages in China. The sixth batch of traditional villages in China was investigated and identified. The number of traditional villages in China reached 8,155, and 539,000 historical buildings and traditional houses were protected, and 4,389 provincial-level and above intangible cultural heritages were protected and passed down.

　　Third, the policy of supporting the urbanization of agricultural transfer population has been thoroughly implemented. By arranging 40 billion yuan of incentive funds for the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, the central government has increased its stable financial support for areas with large foreign population and improved the ability to guarantee basic public services for newly settled population.

　　Seven, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, and promote green and low-carbon development to a new level.

　　Increasing investment, improving mechanism and deepening reform have provided solid financial support and strong policy support for promoting the construction of ecological civilization, and continuously promoted the green and low-carbon transformation of development mode.

　　(a) focus on supporting the fight against pollution.

　　First, the blue sky defense war has been further promoted. We will allocate 33 billion yuan for the prevention and control of air pollution, strengthen investment in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, Fenwei Plain and Yangtze River Delta, support the development of key tasks such as clean heating in winter in the northern region, collaborative control of fine particles and ozone, atmospheric environmental control and management capacity building, and promote local governments to speed up the resolution of outstanding problems affecting air quality. In 2023, the proportion of excellent days in 339 cities at prefecture level and above was 85.5%, and the air quality remained basically stable under the increasing adverse climatic conditions.

　　Second, the battle for clear water continued to advance. 25.7 billion yuan was allocated for water pollution prevention and control, focusing on the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, supporting local governments to carry out water pollution control and water ecological protection and restoration, and promoting the protection of centralized drinking water sources. Promote the construction of compensation mechanism for horizontal ecological protection and extend the pilot award and compensation policy in the Yellow River Basin until 2025. Throughout the year, we coordinated and promoted the establishment of six inter-provincial mechanisms, such as the main stream of the Yellow River (Ganning section), and renewed four basin mechanisms, such as Xin ‘anjiang. In 2023, the proportion of excellent surface water quality sections in China was 89.4%, up 1.5 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of inferior class V was 0.7%, which was flat year-on-year.

　　Third, the pure land defense war continued to deepen. 4.4 billion yuan was allocated for the prevention and control of soil pollution, focusing on the treatment of tailings ponds left over from heavy metal history to support the prevention and control of the source and effectively prevent the risk of soil pollution transmission. In 2023, the national soil environmental risks will continue to be effectively controlled, the safe use of key construction land will be effectively guaranteed, and the soil environmental conditions of agricultural land will be generally stable.

　　(2) Systematic promotion of ecosystem protection and restoration.

　　First, the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand have been carried out in depth. Funds of 14.2 billion yuan were allocated to support local governments to carry out integrated protection and restoration projects of grass and sand in landscapes, forests, fields and lakes. Seven projects, including Huangshui River Basin in Qinghai, the upper reaches of Baiyangdian Lake in Hebei, the important source area of Yalu River in Jilin and the typical tropical areas in southern Hainan, were included in the scope of central financial support. From the perspective of the integrity of the ecosystem, comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of grass and sand in landscapes, forests, fields and lakes were promoted as a whole to promote the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Since the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", 27 projects have been supported, covering the core key ecological areas of the country’s "three regions and four belts" in an all-round way.

　　Second, the ecological restoration of abandoned mines left over from history has been strongly supported. We will allocate 3 billion yuan to solidly promote the demonstration project of ecological restoration of abandoned mines left over from history, select 18 projects, including the key ecological zone of the Yellow River in Linfen, Shanxi Province, to be included in the scope of central financial support, restore damaged mountains and surface vegetation, improve regional ecological conditions, and enhance the quality of ecosystems and carbon sink capacity.

　　The third is the promotion of the marine ecological protection and restoration system. We will allocate 4 billion yuan to select 16 projects, including Fujian Putian, to carry out marine ecological protection and restoration projects, and carry out marine ecological protection and restoration in all directions, in the whole sea area and in the whole process, so as to improve the quality of marine ecological environment and enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of marine ecosystems.

　　Fourth, the ecological protection and restoration of forestry grasslands have been solidly promoted. The central government allocated 102.8 billion yuan for the transfer payment of forestry and grassland, promoted the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, scientifically carried out large-scale land greening actions, implemented the policy of rewarding and subsidizing the development of camellia oleifera industry, strengthened the protection of natural forest resources and grassland ecological restoration, consolidated the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, implemented the compensation of forest ecological benefits and the policy of ecological rangers, and strengthened the protection and restoration of wetlands and national key wildlife. We will implement the compensation for the protection of desertification land, strengthen the fire prevention of forest and grassland and the prevention and control of forest and grass pests, give incentives to areas where the implementation of the forest length system has achieved remarkable results, and provide strong support for the ecological protection and restoration of forest and grass.

　　(3) peak carbon dioxide emissions has made positive progress in carbon neutrality.

　　First, the role of tax incentives and constraints is effectively exerted. We will implement a green tax system of "multi-tax governance" such as environmental protection tax, resource tax, consumption tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax. Give play to the macro-control role of tariffs, reduce import tariffs on some key components of wind turbines and other products, and implement the import tax policy for energy resources exploration, development and utilization during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Second, the diversified investment mechanism has been continuously improved. Optimize the performance evaluation mechanism of commercial banks and commercial insurance companies, and guide financial enterprises to increase their support for the development of green industries. Promote the investment and operation of the National Green Development Fund and support the ecological protection and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　Third, the transformation of industrial structure in the energy sector continued to advance. Optimize clean energy support policies, vigorously develop renewable energy, encourage unconventional natural gas to increase production and quantity, promote clean and efficient use of coal, and promote the construction of a new energy system.

　　Fourth, international cooperation on climate change has been further strengthened. Actively lead multilateral development banks, and increase policies and investment and financing support for China’s green and low-carbon transformation and development. Actively participate in the global environment, negotiations on funding issues under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, deeply participate in the governance of international climate and environmental funding mechanisms and strengthen strategic guidance. Use loans and grants from international financial organizations and foreign governments to support energy transformation, energy efficiency improvement, biodiversity protection and other fields.

　　Fifth, it is more powerful to supervise and guide local financial departments. Promote local financial departments to implement the requirements of supporting the "double carbon" work, actively formulate and implement policies and measures that are in line with their own reality, and build a policy system of financial support for green and low-carbon development with rich policy tools, clear expenditure direction and comprehensive coverage. Combing and summarizing the typical experiences and practices of local financial support for "double carbon", and promoting them throughout the country, giving full play to the demonstration role of pilot areas.

　　Eight, build a solid "three guarantees" bottom line to ensure the smooth and orderly operation of local finance.

　　The "three guarantees" at the grassroots level are related to people’s well-being, grassroots governance and long-term stability of the country. The Ministry of Finance insists on taking the "three guarantees" at the grass-roots level as the top priority of financial work, constantly increasing the sinking of financial resources, compacting the main responsibility of local governments, strengthening dynamic monitoring and early warning, and building a solid bottom line for the "three guarantees".

　　(1) Minimize financial resources and support the improvement of county-level financial security capabilities.

　　The central government will increase the transfer payment to local governments, reaching 10.29 trillion yuan in 2023, and constantly improve the mechanism to guide the financial resources to the grassroots level in counties and districts. Improve the basic financial security mechanism at the county level, and encourage areas that strive to improve the financial balance at the county level. From 2010 to 2023, the funds awarded by the central government for the county-level basic financial security mechanism increased from 47.5 billion yuan to 410.7 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 18%.

　　(2) Improve the implementation of the graded responsibility system and promote the "three guarantees" responsibility to the end.

　　In accordance with the principle of "county-oriented, municipal-level assistance (bottom-up), provincial-level bottom-up, and central incentives", we will comprehensively compact the main responsibility of county-level financial departments and ensure the "three guarantees" expenditure needs in terms of budget arrangement, budget implementation and treasury allocation; Require the municipal level to do a good job in auditing, monitoring and emergency disposal of the "three guarantees" budget of the counties and districts under its jurisdiction, and earnestly fulfill the responsibility of safeguard supervision and guidance; By increasing the transfer payment to the lower level, strengthening the allocation of treasury funds, improving the financial system below the city level and other measures, we will implement the responsibility of guaranteeing the municipal districts and counties not directly under the jurisdiction of the province; Supervise and urge the provincial level to improve the financial system below the provincial level, promote the balance of financial resources below the provincial level, fully implement the responsibility of ensuring the bottom, and do a good job in the management of "three guarantees" in the province.

　　(3) Improve monitoring and early warning to prevent the operational risks of grass-roots finance.

　　Establish and improve the monitoring mechanism of local financial operation, monitor and analyze the local financial operation every month, find problems as early as possible and carry out risk warning. Make full use of mechanisms such as monitoring and early warning of treasury security in key counties and districts across the country, implement classified management and focus on monitoring. Relying on the integrated budget management system, we will explore the realization of accurate daily monitoring of wage payment, dynamically prompt the local financial resources, treasury funds and other factors that affect the financial security ability, and effectively prevent and resolve the hidden dangers of "three guarantees".

　　Nine, strengthen local government debt management, firmly hold the bottom line of systemic risk.

　　Resolving the hidden debt risks of local governments, steadily resolving the hidden debts in stock, strictly curbing the new hidden debts, effectively strengthening the monitoring and supervision of local debts, and gradually reducing the debt risk level.

　　(1) Solidly promote the dissolution of existing debts, and gradually ease the hidden debt risks of local governments.

　　In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we will promote the implementation of a debt package and introduce relevant policies and measures to support the prevention and resolution of local government debt risks. Compacting the main responsibility of localized debt, adhering to the principle of provincial overall responsibility, urging provincial governments to strengthen risk analysis and judgment, strictly implementing the main responsibility, and gradually resolving risks by arranging fiscal revenue, reducing expenditures, and revitalizing existing assets and resources. Generally speaking, a series of measures to resolve debt risks are being implemented in an orderly manner, the positive effects are gradually released, the scale of hidden debts is gradually declining, and the risks are slowly released.

　　(2) Always maintain a high-pressure regulatory accountability situation and resolutely guard against new debt risks.

　　The first is to establish a normalized monitoring mechanism. Establish and improve the institutional system to prevent and resolve the hidden debt risks of local governments, strengthen information sharing and collaborative supervision among departments, guide local governments to gradually establish a full-caliber, normalized hidden debt monitoring system, and strengthen risk analysis and evaluation.

　　The second is to resolutely curb the increase in hidden debt. Strictly block the "back door" of illegal and illegal debt financing, focus on strengthening risk source control, harden budget constraints, require strict local construction project audit, strictly control the financial "gate" of new project financing, strengthen the debt financing control of local state-owned enterprises and institutions, strictly prohibit illegal borrowing for local governments in disguise, and never allow new hidden debts to be added to new projects and new stalls.

　　The third is to continue to maintain a high-pressure supervision situation. Seriously investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal borrowing behaviors, and find them together, investigate them together, and hold them accountable together. In 2023, the official website of the Ministry of Finance publicly exposed eight typical cases of implicit debt accountability of local governments, giving full play to the role of shock warning.

　　Ten, focus on financial management reform, promote the effective play of financial governance.

　　Focusing on promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, strengthening financial supervision, strictly enforcing financial discipline, continuously deepening the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, consolidating the foundation of financial management, constantly improving the level and efficiency of financial governance, and striving to inject strong impetus into promoting high-quality development and accelerating Chinese modernization.

　　(1) Strengthen financial supervision and standardize financial discipline.

　　First, carry out the special action of accounting supervision in a down-to-earth manner. Focusing on promoting the implementation of the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, focusing on three key areas, namely, the investigation and handling of major cases in the financial field, the special rectification of key issues in financial discipline, and the special supervision of the accounting evaluation industry, we organized special actions for accounting supervision, and carried out special inspections and verifications on 12 major cases to strengthen supervision and rectification and accountability.

　　The second is to do a good job in fiscal and taxation supervision. Resolutely investigate and deal with all kinds of violations of laws and regulations such as new hidden debts of local governments and false debts, and publicly expose 8 typical cases of accountability of hidden debts of local governments. Strengthen the supervision of budget management, carry out special inspections on the disclosure of local budgets and final accounts in 2022, and continue to strengthen the "one card" management of financial subsidy funds for benefiting the people and farmers, so that financial discipline can become an untouchable "high-voltage line".

　　The third is to strengthen the special supervision of the accounting evaluation industry. Organize the practice quality inspection of 41 accounting firms and 15 asset appraisal institutions, and select 89 enterprises to carry out the quality inspection of accounting information by adopting the method of "from the place to the enterprise". Organize provincial financial departments to carry out practice quality inspection on 2,161 accounting firms and 741 asset appraisal institutions. We will continue to carry out in-depth special rectification work on "four types" of typical violations of laws and regulations, such as registered accountants practicing in name only, practicing beyond their competence, accounting firms operating without a license, and selling audit reports online, as well as special rectification work on outstanding problems in the bookkeeping industry, such as "operating without a license" and "false promises" by bookkeeping agencies, so as to effectively clean up the industry atmosphere.

　　The fourth is to strengthen the construction of industry informatization. Optimize and improve the unified supervision platform for the CPA industry, promote the establishment of a single source system for audit report data, develop the verification function of audit reports, and strengthen the inspection of audit reports. Improve the operational guidelines for bank correspondence, and promote the standardization, intensification and digitalization of bank correspondence.

　　(2) Deepening reform and innovation, and making new progress in the construction of the modern fiscal and taxation system.

　　First, the reform of the budget system continued to deepen. Improve the operating budget system of state-owned capital, and report to the State Council for printing and distributing the Opinions on Further Improving the Operating Budget System of State-owned Capital, so as to give full play to the function of operating budget of state-owned capital. Strengthen budget performance management and issue the Interim Measures for Budget Evaluation Management.

　　Second, the tax reform has been steadily advanced. Study and optimize the tax system, further improve the personal income tax system combining comprehensive and classification, and raise three special additional deduction standards for personal income tax, such as infant care under 3 years old, children’s education and support for the elderly. We will implement the principle of statutory taxation, promote the second review of the draft value-added tax law to be submitted to the 14th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation, and actively promote the legislation of consumption tax, customs duties and other taxes.

　　Third, the reform of the financial system has been gradually improved. We will steadily push forward the implementation of the reform plan for the division of financial powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in the fields of health care, transportation and natural resources, and promote the introduction of reform plans in the field of intellectual property rights. We will improve the central-local transfer payment system and revise the measures for the management of county-level basic financial security mechanisms. Guide local governments to promote the improvement of the financial system below the provincial level, and establish and improve the financial system below the provincial level with more reasonable allocation of powers and responsibilities, more standardized income division, relatively balanced distribution of financial resources and stronger grassroots protection.

　　Fourth, the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises has been deepening. Constructing the legal system of state-owned assets management in all directions. Implement the reporting system of state-owned assets and strengthen the analysis and monitoring of the operation of state-owned economy. Standardize and strengthen the management of administrative state-owned assets, and establish and improve the long-term working mechanism of asset revitalization. We will carry out the task of reforming state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and promote the reform of divesting state-owned enterprises from their social functions and solving problems left over from history. Strengthen the audit of state-owned capital income and the management of state-owned capital operating budget, and strengthen the statistical monitoring of the operation of government investment funds and the national transfer of social security state-owned capital. Deepen the reform of state-owned financial capital management, strengthen the long-term assessment of state-owned commercial insurance companies, and strengthen the financial management of state-owned financial enterprises.

　　(3) Persist in focusing on standardization and efficiency, and the modernization level of financial management has been continuously improved.

　　First, strict management of departmental budgets. Promote the construction of project expenditure standards, standardize the budget adjustment of central departments, strengthen budget constraints, strictly control the adjustment budget during implementation, and strictly manage the adjustment of project expenditures for personnel funds.

　　The second is to further promote budget performance management. Organize the central department to carry out pre-performance evaluation of new and expired major projects, and timely correct performance deviation and fund management loopholes. Focus on key areas such as education, science and technology, agriculture and rural areas, and carry out financial performance evaluation on 52 policies and projects. Continue to promote the key performance evaluation results and budget arrangements, improve management and improve policy substance.

　　The third is to continue to promote the integration of budget management. The integrated system of central and local budget management will be fully put into operation, covering more than 20,000 budget units at the central level, more than 3,700 local financial departments and more than 600,000 budget units. Improve and perfect the unified national integrated norms and standards system of budget management, and improve the standardized, scientific and standardized level of budget management of financial departments at all levels.

　　The fourth is to carry out the special action of budget execution supervision in a down-to-earth manner. Organize local supervision bureaus and provincial financial departments of the Ministry of Finance to carry out key supervision over 40 central department budget projects and 20 transfer payment projects, and timely discover and investigate a number of problems such as untimely budget issuance, illegal allocation and use of funds through the combination of daily supervision and special verification, so as to promote the improvement of the system and strengthen internal control, and form a closed loop of supervision and management.

　　The fifth is to further improve the government procurement system. Revise and improve the government procurement law, and study and formulate relevant work plans for deepening the reform of the government procurement system around promoting the construction of a modern industrial system and creating a market-oriented and legalized international business environment.

　　Eleven, deepen foreign financial exchanges and cooperation, and promote the continuous expansion of high-level opening up.

　　Deepen pragmatic cooperation in the financial field, serve the diplomacy of a big country with China characteristics, actively implement global development initiatives, unswervingly push forward the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road", focus on consolidating the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign investment, improve China’s voice and influence in the global economic governance system, and shape our favorable external environment.

　　(1) Actively participate in global economic governance.

　　Give full play to the role of the China-US economic dialogue mechanism, take the lead in setting up a China-US economic working group, actively carry out communication and dialogue, and serve the San Francisco meeting of the two heads of state and the informal meeting of APEC leaders. Deeply participate in multilateral mechanisms such as G20, BRICS and 10+3, and carry out multilateral cooperation on key issues such as debt, reform of multilateral development banks, infrastructure investment, customs and tax cooperation. Actively participate in WTO reform and steadily push forward negotiations and consultations on key issues such as e-commerce. Promote and strengthen strategic cooperation with the World Bank. Continue to deepen exchanges and cooperation with the Asian Development Bank in the areas of climate change, regional cooperation, knowledge cooperation, integrity and compliance. Support the steady operation of Asian infrastructure investment banks. In 2023, the total number of members of the AIIB increased to 109, and 56 projects were approved throughout the year, with loans exceeding 12 billion US dollars. We supported the New Development Bank to expand the loan scale, approved 106 loan projects with a total amount of about 35.77 billion US dollars, supported the issuance of panda bonds in China, and became the largest issuer of multilateral development institutions in the interbank market in China, steadily promoting the expansion of the New Development Bank. All-round participation in the governance and development of IFAD. In-depth participation in the consultation on the two-pillar plan for the reform of international tax rules. Solidly promote the promotion strategy of free trade zones, scientifically formulate tariff negotiation plans, promote the negotiation and signing of free trade agreements with Nicaragua and other countries, implement tariff concession commitments such as RCEP with high quality, and actively promote the work of joining CPTPP and DEPA.

　　(2) Support the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and go deep and practical.

　　Study and formulate the "One Belt, One Road" Debt Sustainability Analysis Framework to support the improvement of China’s overseas sovereign debt risk monitoring and management. With loans of US$ 4.2 billion from international financial organizations and foreign governments, we will support the construction of 19 projects in the areas of ecological protection and restoration, infrastructure interconnection and vocational education in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Successfully promoted the Asian Development Bank to provide RMB sovereign loan products and approved the first RMB sovereign loan project, achieving a "zero breakthrough". Encourage ADB’s Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation and Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Mechanism to strengthen the connection with global and regional strategies such as the global development initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative, and work together to promote regional economic recovery and sustainable development. Support the effective operation of multilateral development and financing cooperation centers, and promote the approval of nine projects, including the "East African Community Trade Portal Interconnection Capacity Building Project".

　　(3) focus on consolidating the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign investment.

　　First, carry out in-depth demonstration of improving quality and efficiency in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The central government arranged special funds for the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation, supported the second batch of 10 provinces to start the demonstration of improving quality and efficiency of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and continued to support the first batch of 8 provinces to implement the demonstration work, focusing on key export-oriented industries, focusing on increasing high-quality imports, improving export quality, improving the level of attracting foreign investment, optimizing foreign investment, and promoting the quality and efficiency of related industries.

　　The second is to play the role of guiding fund for innovation and development of service trade. Encourage new ways of financing to support new trade formats and new modes. By the end of 2023, the Fund had decided to invest in 46 sub-funds and 24 direct investment projects, with a decision-making investment of 9.057 billion yuan and more than 500 investment enterprises, covering 18 pilot areas for innovation and development of service trade.

　　The third is to improve the tariff and import link tax policies. From January 1, 2023, the provisional import tax rate of 1,020 commodities will be lower than the most-favored-nation tax rate, and the import of advanced technology and equipment, key parts, medical supplies and high-quality consumer goods will be encouraged, and the introduction of high-quality resource elements will be supported. From July 1, 2023, the eighth step of tariff reduction for expanded products was implemented in the WTO Information Technology Agreement, and the total tariff level in China was reduced to 7.3%. Docking high international standards, we will pilot relevant import tax policies and measures in conditional free trade pilot zones and free trade ports, promote the institutional opening of trade in goods, and promote the steady improvement of foreign trade and foreign investment. Introduce and continue to implement cross-border electronic commerce’s tax policy on returned export commodities, and support the development of new cross-border e-commerce foreign trade formats.

　　Fourth, actively do a good job in export tax rebate. Expand the scope of implementation of the pilot tax refund policy at the port of departure, and implement the tax refund policy at the port of departure in Tianjin, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and other places since April 2023. Give full play to the role of "Yixin Europe" in promoting the development of foreign trade, increase Zhejiang East China International Intermodal Port (Jinhua South Station) and Yiwu land port (Yiwu West Station) as departure ports, and take Alashankou, Horgos Railway Port and Ningbo Zhoushan Port as departure ports, and implement the tax refund policy for land departure ports. Actively support Ningbo to implement the tax refund policy for overseas tourists.

　　Fifth, continue to issue sovereign bonds in Hong Kong. Sovereign bonds have been issued in Hong Kong for 15 consecutive years, and a total of 311 billion yuan of government bonds have been issued, boosting the scale of RMB deposits in Hong Kong from 60 billion yuan in 2009 to nearly one trillion yuan. Among them, in 2023, 50 billion yuan of government bonds were issued in Hong Kong in four phases, an increase of 117% over the previous year, and the scale reached a record high.

　　XII. Prospect of fiscal policy in 2024

　　In 2024, under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, the Ministry of Finance will fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the deployment of the Central Economic Work Conference, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, make efforts to promote high-quality development, moderately intensify the proactive fiscal policy, improve quality and efficiency, consolidate and enhance the economic recovery, and continuously promote the effective improvement in quality and quantity of the economy.

　　In terms of "moderate strength", we will strengthen the overall planning of financial resources, and use a variety of policy tools such as deficit, special debt, national debt, tax and fee concessions, financial subsidies, etc. to moderately expand the scale of fiscal expenditure and promote sustained economic recovery. We will continue to arrange local government special bonds of appropriate scale and support local governments to increase efforts to make up for shortcomings in key areas. The central government still maintains a certain scale of transfer payments to local governments, especially increasing balanced transfer payments and tilting towards difficult and underdeveloped areas. Provincial finance should optimize the allocation of financial resources below the provincial level. Implement the structural tax reduction and fee reduction policy accurately and efficiently, and focus on supporting scientific and technological innovation and manufacturing development.

　　In terms of "improving quality and increasing efficiency", we will strive to promote the rule of law, scientificity, standardization and standardization of financial management, and spend the same money with greater results. Party and government organs should get used to living a tight life and concentrate their financial resources on great things. Optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, make good use of limited incremental funds, and at the same time make great efforts to revitalize and adjust the stock. Fully implement budget performance management, strengthen financial supervision, standardize financial revenue and expenditure behavior, and improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation and the efficiency of capital use. Strengthen the synergy between fiscal policy and other macro policies, and strive to improve the effect of promoting high-quality development.

　　(1) Support the acceleration of the construction of a modern industrial system. We will continue to increase investment in science and technology, further focus on basic research, applied basic research and national strategic scientific and technological tasks, and promote high-level science and technology to stand on its own feet. We will increase support for industrial scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the protection of key R&D plans and major projects in the manufacturing sector, and support enterprises to participate more in major national scientific and technological projects. We will implement preferential policies such as R&D expenses plus deduction, tax relief for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets to encourage enterprises to increase investment in innovation. Implement financial support policies for specialized and innovative SMEs. In-depth implementation of small and medium-sized enterprises digital transformation city pilot.

　　(2) Support the expansion of domestic demand. Promote the construction of a unified national market, and treat all kinds of business entities equally in terms of financial subsidies, tax incentives and government procurement. Increase social security, transfer payments and other adjustments to increase the income of urban and rural residents. Study fiscal and taxation policies to encourage and guide consumption, and promote new growth points of consumption. We will further promote the implementation of county-level commercial construction actions and support the improvement of consumption-related infrastructure. We will continue to make good use of the funds for issuing additional treasury bonds in 2023, and timely allocate funds in strict accordance with the progress of project implementation. Government investment focuses on supporting key core technology research, new infrastructure, energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon reduction, fostering new development momentum, strengthening people’s livelihood and other weak economic and social links, and accelerating major projects in the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

　　(3) Support the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood. We will implement the employment priority policy, make overall use of policies such as tax reduction and exemption, social security subsidies, and loan interest subsidies, and support enterprises to stabilize and expand their posts and start their own businesses through multiple channels. Continue to increase investment in education and promote the construction of a high-quality education system. Improve the medical and health security system and support the comprehensive reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare. We will improve the social security system, thoroughly implement the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, and strengthen hierarchical and classified social assistance and security. Strictly manage the "three guarantees" expenditure budget, increase the sinking of financial resources, and strengthen the tracking and monitoring of local financial operations.

　　(4) Support the promotion of urban-rural integration and coordinated regional development. We will support the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, raise the investment standard of high-standard farmland construction, strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment, improve the ability of food security, and earnestly consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation. Further promote the link between transfer payment and the citizenization of agricultural transfer population, and arrange a certain scale of incentive funds. Support the implementation of urban renewal, and promote the "three major projects" such as the construction of affordable housing, the construction of "flat and emergency" public infrastructure, and the transformation of villages in cities. We will further improve fiscal and taxation policies supporting major regional strategies and increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas. Do a good job in designing the fiscal and taxation system and steadily promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.

　　(V) Effectively prevent and resolve local government debt risks. Insist on doing our best and doing what we can, and carry out in-depth evaluation of financial affordability to enhance financial sustainability. Strengthen the management of local government debt, strictly implement the debt package, intensify the dissolution of hidden debts in stock, resolutely prevent new hidden debts, and improve the long-term mechanism of debt conversion. Strict financial discipline, strict implementation of various financial regulations and management systems, and resolutely investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal acts.

　　(6) actively and steadily plan a new round of fiscal and taxation system reform. Focusing on Chinese modernization goals and tasks and high-quality development requirements, we should adhere to systematic thinking, problem-oriented, establish first and then break, study and promote the reform of fiscal and taxation system, improve the modern budget system, optimize the tax structure, and improve the fiscal transfer payment system.

1905 movie network news Directed by director jon turteltaub and co-starred by Jason Statham, Li Bingbing, rainn wilson, Ruby Rose, Zhao Wenxuan and sophia, the action sci-fi adventure blockbuster will be officially released in the world on August 10th. Recently, the film held a media viewing in the United States, which gained a high reputation. The media generally believed that the film had everything, was full of entertainment and had an excellent viewing experience. Some film critics even said that The Meg was shocking and exciting, comparable to "underwater".

　

The Meg’s rave reviews swept through American social media and won the title of the coolest film this summer. CNN, Entertainment Weekly, Los Angeles Times, People Weekly, Hollywood Reporter, Forbes and other well-known media reporters praised the film for bringing surprises. Among them, the richness and interest of film stories have become the biggest highlight. CNN reporters think the film is very attractive. "The plot twists and turns just right, and the sense of rhythm is full, and the comedy elements and action scenes are very balanced." GIZMODO, a well-known American science and technology blog site, commented that the film is the "crazy, exciting and interesting type" expected by the audience. "The Meg is just the summer blockbuster you’ve been looking forward to. It’s intense and exciting. Besides the amazing special effects, it’s also full of sense of humor." "It’s a perfect summer blockbuster that must be watched on the super-large screen." "You will scream and laugh. The film is very interesting from beginning to end, satisfying everything you want to get when you go to the cinema."

　

In addition to the entertaining plot, the special effects of the film review have also been greatly recognized. Freelance reporters said that the special effects of the film are "real and interesting, and will not make people feel boring or dramatic." The reporter of Hollywood Report praised the production of sharks. "The image of sharks is well-made, scary and realistic."

　

The prehistoric behemoth Megalodon was put on the big screen for the first time, and the shock and fear it brought impressed the viewers deeply. The author of SlashFilm, a famous American movie blog, said that Megalodon appeared like a "blockbuster". Another film critic thinks that this movie will bring you "bloody fun" if you like watching the pictures of sharks biting humans. There is also an audience who is a fan of the original novel. He said excitedly that he was very shocked to see Megalodon on the big screen. "When Megalodon first appeared, I even shed tears."

　

In the deep-sea adventure full of fun and excitement, the actors’ performance was also widely praised. Jason Statham’s strong confrontation with prehistoric behemoths caused numerous screams, and the reporter of LA Times thought Jason gave the best performance since filming. The reporter of Yahoo Entertainment bluntly said, "Stanson+action drama never lets people down." Some film critics said that Jason Statham’s action drama made her "nervous and anxious". For Li Bingbing’s performance, the audience also praised him. "I’m glad to see such a brave and powerful female character in the film."

This issue of Xiaobian will take you to know about the new administration. Xiaobian, I went to find an existing car today and took some pictures for everyone to enjoy, and made a detailed analysis of the price, configuration and performance of the whole car with these pictures. The new executive was listed in Glory in February, 18. Since its listing, it has attracted a lot of repercussions. Everyone is attracted by this car with advanced appearance and luxurious interior. Except for the brand-new appearance kit, the structure of the whole car has not changed much.

The car introduced to you this time is 18 extended versions of Genesis (guide price: 1.798 million yuan), and its appearance changes are really earth-shaking. The application of honeycomb air intake, cat claw air intake, Atlas side gills, new styles, rear taillights and tail throats makes the administrative appearance vivid, integrating fashion, trend and technology, which has won unanimous praise and is invisible to this brand.

18 Genesis extended versions come standard with 21-inch aluminum alloy, and the upgraded new style is shown in the figure. Only high-equipped models can come standard with this style. Of course, low-equipped models can also add money to choose this style.

The hidden ABC and the suspended roof have always been the family’s signature. When the vehicle is driving at a high speed, you can see that the whole roof of the vehicle is suspended and looks very sci-fi. This design has been continued in the series for many years. The taillight of the vehicle uses a luminous light source and the tail throat has been redesigned to look more like a general. In addition, the tail is not too complicated.

The luxury of the 18 Genesis Extended Edition interiors is no less than that of any model of the same class. The front and rear rows are semi-aniline, the front seats support 22-way electric adjustment and are equipped with heating and ventilation functions, while the rear seats only support backrest electric adjustment and heating functions. After entering the interiors, almost all the areas touched by eyes are wrapped in leather and solid wood and decorated with bright metal lines, which makes the whole car full of a sense of science and technology in dignity and elegance.

From here, we can observe that the driver has spare space in his head and knees while maintaining the normal driving posture. Good space performance is very helpful to improve the driver’s driving pleasure and is more handy to operate.

Eighteen extended versions of Genesis can be said to be the most unique and noble brand among large luxury brands. They have left a deep impression on people since their listing. Since the first generation was launched in 1970, they have experienced more than 40 years of development and change. During this period, the administration has always been famous for its excellent off-road performance and luxurious interior, and has always been the representative of large luxury.

The 18 Genesis Extended Edition has a length of 5.2 meters, which lays the foundation for creating a luxurious interior. With luxurious materials and the space performance envied by other cars of the same class, this big brother in the off-road industry can stand on the market for more than 40 years. The series of all-terrain off-road systems can’t be imitated by other cars of the same class. Five off-road modes can be selected, which can be applied to all complex roads and can reach 0.9 meters. Who else can do wading and off-road synchronous operation in large luxury of the same class? V：15010033247

Grace Chow issued a document announcing the breakup, pointing out that the man was unfaithful to his feelings.

1905 movie network news On April 23rd, Grace Chow posted a long article on the social platform announcing that she had broken up with her boyfriend Show Lo, who had been in love for nine years, and said that the reason for breaking up was that she found that she had cheated on her more than once when looking at her mobile phone. Grace Chow said that Show Lo "dates different girls almost every day" and "has a long-term unfair relationship with her female artists and makeup artists", and all kinds of performances made her completely desperate for this relationship, so she resolutely chose to cut off her love affair.

After Grace Chow posted the article, the topic of the two immediately set off a hot search list. Many netizens came to the comment area to "uphold justice" for the woman, and cursed Show Lo "love rat", saying that her former affectionate person in film and television dramas had completely collapsed.

Show Lo, who made her debut as a singer in her early years, was once known to the audience because of her participation in the popular Taiwan Province idol drama. In recent years, she has gained popularity because of the variety "Extreme Challenge", movies and so on.

Show Lo often shows people with affectionate male actors and funny positive roles in his film and television works. Now when looking back at these works, it is inevitable that there are some ironies. How many of his works have you seen?

In 2006, Show Lo cooperated with Big S in the TV series "Love Around the Corner", in which he played the role of Qin Lang, a warm and kind dream-chasing teenager, who took good care of the hostess and was once regarded as the "Bai Yueguang" male host in Taiwan Province idol drama.

In 2009, a film "Shanghai Sweetheart" deeply imprinted "Mushroom Head Lin Dalang" in the audience’s mind, and Show Lo created the image of a simple and shy boy.

In 2013, Show Lo played "kong xu gong zi" in Stephen Chow’s Journey to the West, and the humorous conversation between him and his maid and the phrase "emptiness or kidney deficiency" also became the classic memory points of the film.

In 2016, Show Lo once again participated in the movie "The Mermaid" by Xingye, which played the role of "Myna", an octopus with unrequited love for a mermaid (Jelly Lin), and was a think tank among mermaids.

In the same year, the variety show "Extreme Challenge" was launched in the first season. As a member of the "Top Men’s Gang", Show Lo was widely loved by the audience with the role of "Beauty Luo". So far, the program has been recorded into the sixth season, which has brought great popularity and voice to Show Lo. Since then, he has also appeared in the film version of Extreme Challenge.

In 2017, Show Lo co-starred with Jackie Chan and Nana Ou-yang in the film, which played a high-tech criminal with a mysterious identity.

This breakup event may reshuffle the audience’s cognition of Show Lo’s "deep feelings for people". Many netizens shouted "Three Views Subversion" and "Unbelievable" after reading Grace Chow’s long article. Show Lo himself has not yet made a formal response to the incident.

Mercedes-Benz AMG ONE is a high-performance plug-in hybrid sports car, which was launched by Mercedes -AMG (a high-performance brand of Mercedes-Benz). This sports car combines advanced power system and luxurious brand features, with extremely high performance and excellent driving experience. AMG ONE adopts a unique combination of engine and motor, which provides powerful power and excellent acceleration performance for drivers. In addition, it is equipped with advanced suspension system and braking system to ensure excellent handling and safety. Generally speaking, Mercedes-Benz AMG ONE is an amazing high-performance sports car, which is designed for fans who pursue the ultimate driving experience.

　　Caixin New Century reporter Xie Haitao

　　Liu Liguo, dressed in prison uniform, still has a refined air. Born in 1977, he has a clean and fair face, speaks slowly and has a kind face. From time to time, he touches his delicate black-rimmed glasses with his hands.

　　On December 12, 2012, Liu Liguo appeared in court again for trial. In the eyes of the public in China, he seems to be a villain-he is the main culprit in the manufacturing of the largest gutter oil case in China so far.

　　According to the indictment of the prosecution in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, since December 2007, Liu Liguo has been processing and refining kitchen waste oil into non-edible oil that still contains toxic and harmful substances, knowing that others will pass it off as soybean oil for sale, with sales reaching more than 99.2 million yuan.

　　According to the calculation of 8,000 yuan per ton, the non-edible oil produced by these waste oils is about 12,000 tons. Assuming that all of them flow to the dining table, it is enough for 600,000 Chinese to eat for one year.

　　In August, 2012, the trial of the case once shocked the public all over the country. This case is known as the first case of the whole process of extra-large waste oil in China, involving 58 enterprises, and many well-known food brands were exposed to the use of waste oil, including five listed companies. Henan Jiaozuo Health Yuan Biological Products Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jiaozuo Health Yuan), a subsidiary of Health Yuan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (600380.SH, hereinafter referred to as Health Yuan Company), is the largest terminal buyer of waste oil in this case.

　　The more fundamental reason why this case shocked the whole country is that this case, together with more than 10 cases of gutter oil that were subsequently tried in various provinces, revealed that gutter oil was put on the table on a large scale in China, and it has changed from suspicion to reality.

　　On July 4th, 2011, a campaign of encirclement and suppression of waste oil, which was supervised by the Ministry of Public Security and originated in Zhejiang, started with Jinan wesen Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Green Company) of Liu Liguo, and then swept across Shandong and Henan. The official said that it destroyed a black industrial chain of waste oil, which integrates fishing, crude refining, reselling, deep processing, wholesale and retail.

　　In China, gutter oil has been regarded as a scourge in recent ten years, and it is condemned by many people. In fact, not all cooking waste oil is guilty. In essence, cooking waste oil is also a kind of resource, which has legal uses for manufacturing biodiesel and feed oil.

　　Pingyin County, Shandong Province, where Liu Liguo was engaged in the processing of waste oil, was once the place where the sage Confucius came to give lectures, leaving behind the "apricot altar"; In recent ten years, the production of waste oil has become very popular, and there are many "enterprises", which are rarely investigated. Liu Liguo’s enterprise is only a latecomer, and even until he is caught, his waste oil production scale is not the largest.

　　More than a decade ago, Liu Liguo, who had the idea of "wanting all his brothers and sisters in the family to live a good life", was embarrassed and repeatedly hit a wall. A story about a neighboring village getting rich by cooking oil affected his life path. After he was involved in gutter oil in 2003, he tried to make biodiesel and feed oil from gutter oil for several years, but he was once heavily in debt. According to the prosecution’s allegations, since 2007, he began to use waste oil to make "red oil" on the table.

　　People with insight pointed out that the unique external environment of waste oil in Pingyin County and Linyi City, as well as Liu Liguo’s waste oil road, are worthy of reflection by food supervision departments and governments at all levels. At this level, Liu Liguo’s case is only the starting point for eradicating waste oil from the table.

　　In pursuit of Liu Liguo’s life track, he was not an evil person. The evil flower of gutter oil did not break ground in this land of roses that suffered Confucianism in an instant. Everything happens for a reason. Hannah Arendt, a sage, has a theory of "ordinary evil". In short, an ordinary person, who is in a specific environment and becomes a member of a running machine, is also easy to do evil things because he chooses to "obey".

　　What about Liu Liguo to waste oil? The truth doesn’t seem clear. During the trial, seven defendants, including Liu Liguo and his brother Liu Lihai, his eldest brother-in-law Yu Shuangying and his second brother-in-law Lu Jun, collectively retracted their confessions in court, and lawyers also pleaded not guilty.

　　Analyzing the case outside the court and the turbulent public opinion outside the court seems to reveal that gutter oil is in past lives, China, restore a complex social ecology of gutter oil rivers and lakes, face the misunderstanding of policies in related fields, and even the vacuum of supervision by functional departments, which may provide reference for food safety in China.

　　Liu Liguo’s prequel

　　"If the benefits are good, the aluminum factory will not collapse, and he will not reach this point." In the family courtyard of Pingyin Aluminum Factory, a retired worker talked about Liu Liguo with emotion.

　　Pingyin is a suburban county in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Pingyin Aluminum Factory, located in the suburb of the county, is 1 km south, which is Helou Village in Kongcun Town. Kongcun town was named after the ruins of Confucius’ lectures in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 1977, Liu Liguo was born here, with three sisters and one brother, and his father had been a village party secretary for many years. More than ten years ago, he and his two sisters were admitted to school and jumped out of the farm gate, which was envied by the villagers.

　　In the impression of Liu’s third sister, although Liu Liguo is the youngest in the family, he has been sensible and filial to the elderly since childhood. When he was in primary school, he cooked for himself since the third grade in order not to let his mother get up early every day. He is also a quick-witted and diligent person with great energy. For example, when others play poker and games in their spare time, he looks up information and reads books when he is free.

　　After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Shandong Salt Industry School (later renamed Shandong Light Industry Engineering School), a national key secondary vocational school built in Qingdao, known as the "cradle of golden blue collar". Four years of secondary school study, beautiful and economically developed Qingdao, broadened his horizons. After graduating and returning to Pingyin in 1997, he once wanted to do business and open an electronic goods store, but under the influence of his parents, he entered Pingyin Aluminum Factory.

　　Shandong Pingyin Aluminum Factory, located at the foot of Wolong Mountain, the remaining vein of Mount Tai, is an old state-owned enterprise founded in 1966, which belongs to Shandong Metallurgical Industry Corporation. In the 1980s, it was once brilliant, and it was tied with national cotton, bearing bush and standard parts as the four traditional Pingyin factories, which was a place of envy for the surrounding rural youth.

　　Liujia has an indissoluble bond with Pingyin Aluminum Factory. Not only Liu Liguo, but also the main helper in the waste oil processing plant in the future, and those who ended up behind bars with him, have worked in Pingyin Aluminum Plant for a long time.

　　In 1988, after the first phase expansion of Pingyin Aluminum Factory, Liu Liguo’s brother Liu Lihai entered the aluminum factory. In 1994, the second phase of expansion and recruitment, Liu Liguo’s eldest brother-in-law Yu Shuangying entered the factory. In 1989, Lu Jun, who later became Liu Liguo’s second brother-in-law, was assigned to work in an aluminum factory. Lu Jun, who graduated from Northeastern University, worked as the secretary of the Youth League Committee of the factory, the secretary of the Party branch of the electrolytic workshop, and the vice chairman of the factory’s trade union. He has a good reputation among the old workers. "He is enthusiastic and serious, has a good popularity, and has hosted weddings for many young people."

　　When Liu Liguo entered the factory in 1997, the scenery of Pingyin Aluminum Factory was no longer there. According to a master’s thesis entitled "Research on the Development Strategy of Pingyin Aluminum Factory" published by Shandong University, from 1997 to 2000, although the aluminum factory contracted and concentrated on aluminum management, the debt ratio rose to 93%.

　　Liu Liguo was assigned as a technician in the aluminum profile workshop, with a salary of several hundred yuan in January. Here, he experienced the joy of getting married and the pain of losing his father. He left the impression on his colleagues that his mind was flexible and he solved many technical problems.

　　After 2000, Pingyin Aluminum Factory went from bad to worse, and the staff turnover was serious. Liu Liguo is also thinking about the way out. In the impression of Third Sister, my younger brother has a high spirit and has his own ideas about life. He is the youngest of the brothers and sisters, but he is also the most considered by others. "He wants his brothers and sisters to live a good life."

　　At first, he opened a small supermarket next to the aluminum factory. When the young couple go to work, the supermarket is looked after by their mother. The supermarket has been open for two years and it doesn’t make money.

　　The benefits of the aluminum factory are still declining, and wages cannot be paid. In May and June 2003, Liu Liguo resigned. Borrowing money from relatives and friends, he started Pingyin Changshun Oil Processing Factory.

　　The right path is difficult to travel.

　　Today, there is a small courtyard with a yellow wall on Wanfang Road, where the family courtyard of the aluminum factory is located. The dark red iron gate is rusty, with illegible rental advertisements on it, and the small yard is a row of factories with doors and windows open. The yard like this small workshop is where Liu Liguo started.

　　In 2003, Liu Liguo built a humble factory in a rented small courtyard, hired three or four people and started an oil business. The yard is only thirty or forty meters away from the aluminum factory, and his brothers-in-law came to help after work from the aluminum factory. My brother Liu Lihai was diagnosed with femoral head necrosis this year, and he often took his brother everywhere to seek medical treatment.

　　In the impression of Lao Li, a former colleague of the aluminum factory, at first, Liu Liguo was doing good oil. "At that time, it was to process lard, that is, to remove the color and smell of lard, and then sell it, which is for human consumption." Later, Liu Liguo said in an interview with China Newsweek at the detention center. Lao Li said that Liu Liguo also used raw materials for killing chickens in chicken farms and made chicken oil.

　　In the eyes of his family, when Liu Liguo started his business, it was very bitter. Many things were out of reach, and he tried many times and failed. Around 2004, he also purchased cottonseed oil and palm oil and processed them into feed oil to sell. The oil color is like soy sauce, but it can only be processed for two or three tons a day. In the first two years of going to sea, Liu Liguo lost money because of his inexperience. He borrowed money from relatives and friends one after another, and once owed nearly 2 million yuan. In 2004, Sanjie also helped him borrow money.

　　"No matter how much you lose, you can only go forward." Liu Liguo later said in an interview with China Newsweek. In the third sister’s view, he is a man who can carry on and doesn’t complain to others easily. Sometimes it is very fragile, and when it comes to the pain of starting a business, it will also shed tears.

　　In 2005, it was a turning point for Liu Liguo. At that time, the biodiesel industry in China was still in its infancy, and there was no unified national standard. Liu Liguo, who has a flexible mind, is optimistic about the prospect of biodiesel. This year, he renamed the factory Jinan Zhongxing Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Factory, and prepared to put into production biodiesel.

　　In western developed countries, the waste oil from fried food, animal waste oil and restaurant gutter oil is generally regarded as a resource, which can be recycled into biodiesel and animal feed oil. In China, this road is also regarded as a formal outlet for waste oil.

　　According to Jiefang Daily, in 2005, the raw material of 1 ton of gutter oil in China was still 800 yuan, and by 2006, it had risen to 3,000 yuan/ton. The economic benefits of biodiesel are also considerable. The direct cost of producing 1 ton of biodiesel is about 3,500 yuan, and the market price at that time was about 5,000 yuan per ton.

　　According to China News Weekly, Liu Liguo first spent 100,000 yuan to buy the patented technology of "Pilot Test of Lipid Vegetable Oil Fuel" from the University of Science and Technology of China. After purchasing equipment and technology, the effect was not satisfactory. Liu Liguo sought advice from Ning Shoujian, an expert member of the National Biodiesel Industry Cooperation Group, and finally formed his own technology through joint cooperation and repeated experiments with a research institute in Zhengzhou.

　　Liu Liguo mainly bought waste oil from Beijing as raw material, and the processing technology was only two steps. At that time, there was no standard for biodiesel in China, as long as customers agreed. "It was at this time that I had a deeper understanding of waste oil." Liu Liguo said.

　　At that time, diesel was in short supply, and many gas stations added biodiesel to diesel. Liu Liguo’s business grew day by day, with a monthly net profit of 200,000 to 300,000 yuan at the highest. By 2007, he had almost paid off his debts. During this period, my brother Liu Lihai was on sick leave from the aluminum factory. In the first half of 2006, he also came to the factory to help.

　　The good times didn’t last long. With the decline of diesel price, the market demand for biodiesel decreased. "There was no market later, and PetroChina and Sinopec didn’t want it. Who else could they sell it to?" In his confession, he said that biodiesel was produced for eight or nine months, and the products were mainly sold to the petrochemical company in Tai ‘an. Later, due to quality problems, the company did not want the goods.

　　Liu Liguo’s experience reflects the embarrassment of biodiesel industry. China consumes 90 million tons of diesel oil every year, so biodiesel has great room for development in theory. However, the reality is that many biodiesel enterprises have no suitable development path. The supply of raw materials is one of the constraints, while Sinopec and PetroChina monopolize the diesel supply market, making it difficult for private enterprises to enter the state-owned sales channels, which is also one of the difficulties.

　　After biodiesel was frustrated, in 2007, Liu Liguo transformed again and went further and further on the road of waste oil.

　　Waste oil "base"

　　In 2003, although Liu Liguo was involved in the processing of animal waste oil, he didn’t know much about the waste oil business at this time. Pingyin country has a tradition of running oil mills, but Liu’s family has never set foot in it before. In the eyes of his family, Liu Liguo’s involvement in oils and fats was mainly influenced by Zhu Chuanfeng’s brothers in Guoliugou village.

　　At that time, in Guoliugou Village, a few kilometers southeast of Confucius Village, Zhujia’s oil refining business had been going on for three years. According to insiders, the gutter oil business in Pingyin County was the earliest in Zhujia, and other places followed suit. In the second half of 2011, shortly after Liu Liguo was arrested, the refinery of Zhujia brothers was taken down by Jinan police. In public media reports, the Zhujia brothers’ gutter oil case is called the largest gutter oil case in Shandong Province.

　　Zhu Chuanfeng was born in poverty, his father was a factory salesman, his mother was a farmer, and his four brothers were born to kill pigs. Later, they turned to a flour mill and a grain and oil wholesale store. In 1999, Zhu Chuanfeng brought equipment from the south and began to build an oil plant.

　　Police in Jinan said that at that time, Zhujiajian had built the first production line to produce waste oil from hogwash fat. Jinan police later claimed that Zhujia bought kitchen waste oil from Liaocheng and Tai ‘an in Shandong, Beijing, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other places, produced defatted oil and sold it to Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning and other places.

　　On March 3, 2009, after several years of operation, Zhu’s brother and brother in Guoliugou Village registered and established Jinan Fada Oil Industry Co., Ltd., whose registered business scope is biodiesel processing and sales.

　　The Zhujiajian brothers’ industry is getting bigger and bigger. A villager described its prosperity: the big trailer transporting waste oil raw materials from other places is 20 to 30 meters long, full of diesel barrels, and can have at most five or six cars a day. It comes down from the nearby Xiaozhi Expressway intersection, travels 10 kilometers northbound along National Highway 105, 3 kilometers eastbound from the north of Dongtiangong Village, passes through Wang Xiaotun and Fanpizhuang, and then travels 1 kilometer southbound, and goes straight to Zhujia Factory at the east end of Guoliugou Village.

　　Tankers who come from other places to pull oil usually come at night or Saturday and Sunday. If the day arrives, stop at the nearby Kongcun gas station and wait until it gets dark. In the oil truck, the villagers saw cars in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Jining, Shandong and other places, while an edible oil factory in Tai ‘an came in a few days.

　　The rise of the Zhujiajian family makes people jealous. Rural madness: Zhujia can earn 200,000 to 300,000 yuan a day.

　　Waste cooking oil is made into biodiesel, feed oil and other legal ways, and its profit margin is far less than that of illegal "edible oil". The fundamental reason why gutter oil is on the table is the existence of this profiteering space, and this profiteering method has not been punished for a long time.

　　The raw material oil of gutter oil, known as "crude oil" in the industry, is generally refined from the meal waste pulled out from the restaurant trench, and some of it is refined from the discarded oil of fried food and animal fat. The site of refining "crude oil" (especially the refining of meal waste) is generally extremely dirty, which is scattered by some individual practitioners in the suburbs of various cities. The Zhujia brothers, Liu Liguo and other Pingyin waste oil plants are engaged in the acquisition of "crude oil" and the processing of "red oil".

　　The whole chain of cooking oil on the table is full of illegal interests. Taking the processing of "red oil" as an example, according to Liu Liguo’s later statement, in 2011, the "crude oil" acquired was more than 5,000-6,000 yuan per ton. The main product of his gutter oil factory is refined oil, which is called "red oil" by the industry, and the price is around 8300 yuan. Liu Liguo conservatively said that the production loss per ton of "red oil" is about 800 yuan, and the production cost is about 600 yuan. If you process 1 ton of "crude oil", you will probably earn five or six hundred yuan.

　　Zhujiajian oil plant is not without objection. The villagers said that when the southeast wind blows, most of the villages stink. Because of the strong taste in the village, young people can’t get married, so rich people move to the city to live. The Zhujiajian brothers are overbearing, and the people in the village have great opinions and have no place to mention them.

　　Why don’t environmental protection departments and other government departments check? The villagers’ answer is: every year, people from the government come to check, but the Zhujiajian family can last for half a year with some money. "After a long time, law enforcement officers and Zhujia will mature."

　　In this environment, the Zhujiajian made the industry bigger and bigger, which also attracted the envy of some villagers with thin funds and followed suit. Liu Liguo was of course the most successful imitator, and later became the most powerful competitor of the Zhujiajian brothers in the local area.

　　In addition to Liu Liguo, in 2009, in Dong ‘e Town, west of Confucius Village, a waste oil processing plant has been in operation for a long time in the old workshop of the old paper mill. Here, it is very quiet by the 220 national highway in the west, the short hillside in the east and far from the village. In Jianggou Village, the town, a ginger boss who engaged in sweet potato processing quietly switched to waste oil processing, but it was left unattended for several years. A villager in nearby North Zhang Cun later told Caixin that he thought his superiors allowed him to do so.

　　By January, 2011, Wang Zigang, Yu Shubin, Song Qinghua and others from Kongcun had established Jinan Taixin Oil Industry Co., Ltd. in partnership on the south hillside of Jingou Village, west of Kongcun Town. At 3 kilometers south of Confucius Village and south of Dongtiangong Village, Zhao Jingyu, Qu Hou and others from Confucius Village also set up Jinan Zhengcheng Feed Co., Ltd. in partnership.

　　According to Liu Liguo’s confession, there are at least five waste oil enterprises in Pingyin County alone.

　　Linyi is another gathering place of waste oil enterprises in Shandong Province, and Liu Liguo later reported four enterprises here. They also lack corresponding supervision and exist openly for many years.

　　"Advanced" gutter oil

　　For several years, Chen Junshi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of China CDC, repeatedly told the media that the problem of cooking oil in China is not serious, because the technology of cooking oil with cooking oil is complicated, which is difficult for ordinary people to master, and the refining cost is expensive, which is not worth the loss.

　　However, in a public occasion a few months ago, Chen Junshi admitted to many media reporters including Caixin that he had underestimated the present situation of cooking oil on the table. What’s more, what Chen Junshi has learned shows that many enterprises involved in gutter oil crimes not only have mastered the refining technology, but also have a high level. Many food safety experts believe that there must be professional oil experts involved in the production of waste oil.

　　If the prosecution is admitted by the court, Liu Liguo is engaged in the processing of waste oil, which is the most important part of this "advanced" waste oil business.

　　Around 2007, Liu Liguo started his own transformation of waste oil business in the small yard next to Pingyin Aluminum Factory. For his business after 2007, Ningbo police and prosecutors directly stated that he was producing waste oil for consumption, but he denied it in court and retorted that he was only producing feed oil beyond the business scope.

　　Processing waste cooking oil into feed oil for feed production is another legal way to utilize waste cooking oil. However, the production of feed-grade mixed oil must obtain the permission of the provincial agricultural department, and Liu Liguo’s company has never obtained the permission.

　　In the domestic feed oil market, manufacturers without production licenses account for a large proportion, and many enterprises’ feed oil eventually flows, and there are also regulatory blind spots. It is unknown whether there are enterprises that import waste oil products into the edible oil market in the name of feed oil.

　　On March 9, 2009, Liu Liguo rented a 1,300-square-meter workshop in Jixi Industrial Park in Pingyin County with a registered capital of 500,000 yuan, and established Jinan Bohui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Bohui Company). The company claims that it can produce 10,000 tons of biological wax and 20,000 tons of refined feed oil annually.

　　In May 2010, Liu Liguo registered and established Jinan wesen Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Green Company). According to the industrial and commercial archives, the company has a registered capital of 1 million yuan, and its general business projects are the production and sales of biodiesel, oleic acid, stearic acid and fatty acids. His family told Caixin reporter that the actual total investment of Green Company was nearly 10 million yuan, and Liu Liguo borrowed nearly 2 million yuan from relatives and friends, and borrowed nearly 2 million yuan.

　　According to the oil processing experts told Caixin reporter, in fact, the use of "crude oil" to produce feed oil and biodiesel is mainly in different directions, and some technical processes in the early stage are not very different. Lawyer Wang Silu also believes that Green’s biodiesel equipment can be used to produce feed oil after simple transformation except for individual process equipment. After the feed oil reaches a certain acid value, it is easy to be transported into the edible oil market.

　　Huang Changshui, a buyer of "crude oil" in Ningbo, is one of the raw material suppliers of Liu Liguo’s enterprises. After his arrest, Huang Changshui said that he met Li Shujun (who was in charge of purchasing raw materials in Liu Liguo’s enterprise) in the first half of 2009. At that time, Li Shujun measured his oil with an instrument and thought that the acid price was high, so he didn’t buy it. Huang Changshui judged that Li Shujun had a high demand for oil. Unlike industrial oil, it was probably used for cooking oil.

　　Acid value is a sign of free fatty acid content in fat. Generally, the smaller the acid value, the better the quality of oil. Generally, the finished fourth-grade soybean oil has an acid value of ≤ 3.0; First-class soybean oil, acid value ≤0.2. The acid value of feed-grade mixed oil is ≤20.

　　After the incident, many core managers of Green Company confessed the production process of the company: basically, more than 30 tons of "crude oil" was delivered to the company every day. After unloading, someone will test the moisture and acidity in the "crude oil". For "crude oil", Green’s requirements are that the water content should not exceed 7% and the acid value should not exceed 15. "Crude oil" is heated and melted and sent to the hydrolysis workshop. There are nine iron cans in the hydrolysis workshop. Workers put clay and activated carbon in the iron cans for adsorption and filtration. After this processing, the color of "crude oil" becomes clear and the smell becomes smaller.

　　After that, "crude oil" will enter the distillation workshop for high-temperature distillation to remove impurities, sour taste and spicy taste again; Finally, the "crude oil" enters the fractionation workshop, and the distilled "crude oil" is physically diverted to form products, of which 30% to 40% are fatty acids and 60% to 70% are red oil.

　　Among Green’s products, fatty acids are by-products. The ex-factory price of "red oil" is more than 8,000 yuan per ton, which is the company’s main profit item. Its acidity requirement is about 2, which has basically reached the standard of four-grade soybean oil.

　　According to the information of the prosecution, after processing, "red oil" has no odor, looks clean, and its color is darker than that of edible oil. Its main indicators are close to that of edible oil, but it has no fragrance, but it is a little spicy.

　　Li Shujun confessed that when customers have requirements for oil products to be spicy, he will arrange workers to taste the spicy degree of oil. Li Shujun also tasted it once and retched for several days. If the oil has a spicy taste, it should be distilled at high temperature to deodorize it. Generally, the temperature of distillation is controlled at about 270 degrees. If the oil is a little spicy, the temperature will be raised to 290 degrees. But this method can not completely remove the spicy taste, but can only reduce it.

　　Ordinary workers are unaware of the company’s production situation. Yang Honglei, an employee, confessed that during the processing, workers were not allowed to bring outsiders into the factory, nor were they allowed to cross posts, and they were not allowed to ask questions at ordinary times. In the refined oil workshop, the east gate is usually locked, and the west gate is closed, so workers have to close the door behind them when they enter and leave.

　　In fact, Green Company pollutes the surrounding environment greatly. In the impression of Feng Sister-in-law, a villager on the nearby Diaoshanpo, on the afternoon of April 22, 2010, there was a smoky smell. "It was a smell of dead cats and rotten dogs, which smoked people except retching, and then they had a headache." Since then, the roses planted near the company will die for no reason, the fruits on the fruit trees will turn black and fall off, and rabbits and chickens will die of respiratory infection. The victims petitioned several times, but to no avail.

　　Before Liu Liguo’s company was raided by the police, all procedures were legal. In October 2010, Shandong Academy of Sciences issued an environmental impact report, saying that the project construction is feasible from the perspective of environmental impact. In August 2010, the feasibility study report of the project made by Jinan Engineering Consulting Institute stated that the project recycled waste oil to produce biodiesel, which protected the urban and rural environment and effectively prevented waste oil from flowing into the dining table.

　　"The absence of government supervision is an important reason for the proliferation of manufacturing and selling’ gutter oil’." Liu Liguo’s defense lawyer, Wang Silu, once said in court that the long-term existence of gutter oil production and sales is the long-term default of the government based on the consideration of promoting regional economy; This phenomenon is tantamount to sending a signal to the local people in Pingyin County, making them generally believe that it is not illegal to manufacture and sell gutter oil.

　　Ding Shihui, deputy head of the Public Security Corps of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Bureau, who was in charge of investigating the case of Green Company, also believed that the biggest difficulty in dealing with food safety problems lies in local protection. In an interview with Xinmin Weekly, he said: "For the sake of taxation and political achievements, (relevant departments) turned a deaf ear to the problems existing in the jurisdiction and even reported by the people many times, and even formed a community of interests with illegal manufacturers."

　　Inter-provincial chain

　　Another thing that worries food safety experts has been verified in the largest gutter oil case in China: in the process of manufacturing and selling gutter oil, one enterprise is often only responsible for one section, and its raw materials and finished products are often transferred and sold across regions or even provinces, which is very difficult to investigate.

　　A complete process chain of illegal waste cooking oil generally consists of digging and collecting waste cooking oil, crude refining "crude oil", refining "red oil" and adding edible oil. "Red oil" has many names in the market, and illegally entering the edible market is called "rice bran oil". Generally speaking, in the black chain of gutter oil, "rice bran oil" can be sold as "refined oil" after blending with edible oil.

　　The sale of Green Company’s "Red Oil" is a "trade secret" and Liu Liguo is personally responsible for it. According to the prosecution’s materials, if there is "goods" to be delivered, Liu Liguo will contact the driver at noon or afternoon the day before and give them the telephone number of the consignee. Not only does the source of "crude oil" come from all over the country, but Liu Liguo’s finished product "red oil" is also sold in other provinces.

　　In 2009, Liu Liguo’s customer network has basically taken shape. This year, he reconnected with Cheng Jiangping, who is an oil business intermediary. In February of that year, through his introduction, I met Yuan Yi, who runs a grand grain and oil firm in Qingfeng grain and oil market in Henan.

　　Yuan Yi started cooking oil in 2008. According to Liu Liguo’s confession, in June and July of 2009, after Bohui Company was put into production, Yuan Yilu continued to import oil from Liu Liguo. Her requirement for "red oil" was that the acid value should not exceed 2 and the taste should not be spicy. Yuan Yi has to pay the introducer Cheng Jiangping and 1000 yuan a commission for each car fuel.

　　Yuan took a handful of oil from Liu Liguo and called it "rice bran oil". In her Qingfeng market, many people are selling "rice bran oil". She later confessed that in business, others are also doing "rice bran oil" business, and this piece is also profitable, and it is also a variety in her entire product structure, and customers have needs; Without such low-end products, it will have an impact on the sales of other high-end products.

　　Ningbo police later accused Yuan Yiming of knowing that Liu Liguo’s kitchen waste oil was processed into refined oil, but he still bought it in large quantities, sold it to Liu Hanju in Xinxiang, Henan Province and Qiao Xinbao’s grain and oil company in Sanmenxia at a higher price, or sold it to the canteen and night stalls on the construction site through canned retail, causing the kitchen waste oil to flow back to the dining table, with sales reaching 3 million yuan.

　　In June 2009, Liu Liguo learned from the delivery driver that a batch of oil that Yuan Yi wanted from Bohui Company was sent to Henan Wellcome Grease Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Wellcome Company). This is a company engaged in oil, edible oil and other businesses. Its chairman Bu Qingfeng also runs Henan Qinglong Trading Co., Ltd.. In August and September of that year, Su Feng, Ma Guofu and Cui Rufeng from Henan province and Liu Zhanliang from Hebei province first pulled oil from Bohui Company and resold it to Wellcome Company.

　　In October 2009, Liu Liguo found the information of Wellcome Company and Chen Baogang, the general manager of Qinglong Company, and went to Zhengzhou to find Chen Baogang with a bottle of "red oil" samples. In the absence of Chen Baogang, Liu Liguo left sample oil and business cards in the office.

　　Since then, Chen Baogang introduced Liu Liguo to Wellcome Company. Since the second half of 2009, Wellcome has successively imported more than 7,000 tons of oil from Liu Liguo, becoming its biggest customer in one fell swoop. In Chen Baogang’s impression, Liu Liguo wears glasses, is quite tall and has a flexible brain. He said that he is doing many bioenergy projects, such as developing biodiesel.

　　Ningbo police later accused Wellcome of blending the inferior refined oil purchased from Liu Liguo into normal soybean oil and selling it to food enterprises such as Henan Longxiang Food Co., Ltd., with a total sales volume of more than 160 tons and a sales volume of more than 1.5 million yuan; It was sold to more than 50 enterprises such as Henan Muhe Feed Co., Ltd. for feed production and drug processing, with a total sales of more than 30,000 tons and sales of 300 million yuan; It accused Qinglong Company of doing the same thing and selling it to Jiaozuo Health Yuan Company for the production of drugs, with sales of nearly 50 million yuan.

　　In 2009, Liu Liguo also expanded the local business in Pingyin. In the "feed oil" rivers and lakes, Pingyin people Yu Haibo and Xing Hongsheng did not set foot in it at first.

　　In 2006, Yu Haibo registered Jinan Qianmen Business Center, bought four-grade soybean oil from all places at low prices and sold it to Shandong Qifa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to earn the difference. In 2008, he got a bottle of sample gutter oil from Chuanbo Zhu, Guoliugou Village, and went to Qifa Company for inspection. The inspectors of the pharmaceutical factory said that the sample was qualified. Yu Haibo decided to get oil from Zhujiajian. By October 2009, the merchant found Liu Liguo and began to import oil from Bohui Company, and transported about 3,500 tons before and after.

　　In the second half of 2010, through Cheng Jiangping’s introduction, Liu Liguo also met Li Guangsheng, a native of Xi ‘an. Li Guangsheng usually rents a tanker from Linyi to transport oil.

　　In the later court, Liu Liguo and others were accused of six criminal facts:

　　Knowing that the other party is engaged in edible oil business, or knowing that the other party will blend the non-edible oil purchased from it with normal soybean oil, and then sell it in the name of normal soybean oil, the non-edible oil processed from kitchen waste oil is sold to: Liaocheng Changquan Grain and Oil Industrial Company of Shandong Province operated by Yang Jiquan, with a sales volume of 5.69 million yuan; Sales to Yuan Yi or Yibao Grain and Oil Business Department of Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province and Sanmenxia Xintai Grain and Oil Co., Ltd. operated by Liu Hanju and Qiao Xinbao respectively with Yuan Yi and Cheng Jiangping as intermediaries, with sales reaching 3.08 million yuan; Sales to Wellcome Company and Qinglong Company, with sales reaching 66.18 million yuan; Sales to Jinan Qianmen Business Center, with sales of 16.83 million yuan; Sales to Liu Zhanliang’s Shunfa Grain and Oil Distribution Office in Xingtai Development Zone, Hebei Province, with sales reaching 7.04 million yuan; It was sold to Shaanxi Gufeng Grain and Oil Industry and Trade Company in Li Guangsheng, with a sales volume of 1.32 million yuan.

　　Hit hard

　　At 4: 00 am on July 4, 2011, drivers Liu Fanjin and Shi Baoyu drove to deliver the goods as usual. They unloaded oil in a factory without a factory name in the suburb of Sanmenxia. This is a deal under the surveillance of the police, and it is also the last business done by Green Company.

　　On the afternoon of July 4, Mrs. Feng, a resident, mowed grass in the field and saw many people coming near her home. Some people in police uniforms, some with cameras, rushed to Green Company from the cornfield above the orchard …

　　Liu Liguo was taken away at the gate of Bohui Company. According to Xinmin Weekly, he hurried downstairs with a phone in one hand and a car key in the other, and was held down just before he walked to the Mitsubishi SUV. Afterwards, he learned that he knew that some policemen had rushed into Green’s company and was looking for someone to inquire about the origin of these policemen.

　　On June 6, 2011, before January, Green Company completed the equipment transformation, and the production capacity increased from 30 tons of refined oil per day before 2011 to 60 tons per day.

　　His customer base was still expanding. Hebei people Sun Weidong and Sun Huping are engaged in edible oil wholesale in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. Since 2010, they have bought 100 tons of oil five times. Guo Zhiqin, Fushun, Liaoning Province, began to send cars to transport oil in May 2011, and transported about 200 tons. Guo case was included in the top ten gutter oil cases announced by the Ministry of Public Security in 2011.

　　At this time, in Guoliugou village, the Zhujiajian brothers built a new factory, and the two factories can produce 100 tons of oil every day. In the south of Jingou Village, Taixin Company in Wang Zigang can produce about 30 tons of oil every day; Zhengcheng Feed Co., Ltd. opened by Zhao Jingyu produces about 30 tons of oil every day.

　　When the business of ditch oil plants in Pingyin is booming, the end point is approaching. On March 30, 2011, when Green Company had not started construction, Huang Changshui, who bought "crude oil" in Ningbo, was questioned by Ninghai police on suspicion of producing and selling food that did not meet the hygiene standards. The eyes of the police were drawn to Pingyin. A week ago, the salesman sent by Li Shujun also bought 185 barrels of "crude oil" from Huang Changshui …

　　Only two weeks after Liu Liguo was arrested, on July 20, 2011, Jinan Public Security Bureau filed a case investigation against the developed company in Guoliugou Village. The police later claimed that 16 people, including Zhu Chuanfeng, were arrested, and the first major case of producing and selling waste oil in Shandong Province was detected. At the same time, three enterprises, including Taixin Company and Zhengcheng Company, were destroyed, 38 suspects were arrested and five waste oil production lines were sealed up. The waste oil factory in the old paper mill in Dong ‘e Town was reported as early as November 2010, and was ordered by Dong ‘e Town Government to stop production, so the boss surnamed Jiang escaped.

　　In August, 2012, under the jurisdiction designated by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Supreme People’s Court, it was examined and prosecuted by the Ningbo Procuratorate and tried by the Ningbo Intermediate People’s Court. The relevant defendants were tried in three groups according to the production and sales links.

　　In the trial on August 22nd, seven people, including Liu Liguo, collectively retracted their confessions, and both the prosecution and the defense debated whether the defendant "knowingly and intentionally" and whether the evidence could prove that the products were "toxic and harmful food" and "fake and inferior products".

　　In court, Liu Liguo spoke clearly and logically, which left a deep impression on people. He said that he didn’t know what he bought his oil for, and there was no report that someone had health problems after eating it.

　　Nie Jianhua, deputy director of the Public Prosecution Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, said in an interview with People’s Daily that it was very difficult to punish crimes endangering food safety. First, it is difficult to prove, including the intentional proof of the suspect’s subjective crime, the proof of the amount of crime, and the characteristics of cross-regional joint crime have also increased the difficulty of obtaining evidence; Second, it is difficult to obtain the necessary expert conclusions for prosecuting charges and finalizing the case.

　　By December 12, 2012, the case was heard again in the anxious waiting of Liu’s family. The prosecution changed the criminal facts of Liu Liguo involving Li Guangsheng. The lawyer will plead not guilty again.

　　Four men were arrested in Liujia, Pingyin, which caused the family to collapse half the sky. The postcards written by Liu Liguo from the detention center made my sisters cry. He was worried about his old mother, but he didn’t forget to explain: it started with him, and he was responsible for the monthly living expenses of his men, so as to feed them …

　　At this time, the families of other trench oil cases in Pingyin County are also suffering. In Pingyin County People’s Hospital, a waste oil factory owner is still lying in a hospital bed. The villagers said that in the Jinan police action in 2011, he could not accept the reality and committed suicide, injuring his cervical vertebra, which was in danger of paralysis. He told Caixin reporter, "No way, I caught up."

　　In Guoliugou village, Zhu Chuanfeng’s 70-year-old mother sometimes rides a tricycle through the factory. Three of her four sons were taken away, and she often wiped her tears. In the case of Zhujia, the judicial progress has not been made public.

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Summer is the season to lose weight, and all kinds of "body PK" are constantly staged in the streets and alleys. Summer is also a good time for exercise. The metabolism of the human body is vigorous, and the calorie intake is relatively easy to be consumed, which reduces the conversion rate of fat. At this time, weight loss can get twice the result with half the effort.

Weight loss mainly depends on diet management and physical exercise, plus behavioral intervention. It is said that "three points exercise, seven points diet", which shows that diet is more important than exercise. However, whether it is a high-protein diet or a low-fat and low-carbon diet, there are very few people who can persist in losing weight.

Today, I will introduce you to a "fast food" method that most people can stick to.

Emphasize rhythmic attention to when to eat.

"Guidelines for Medical Nutrition Treatment of Overweight/Obesity in China (2021)" points out that "light fasting", also called intermittent energy restriction diet, is a dietary pattern of fasting or giving limited energy intake within a specified period according to certain rules. "Fast food" originated from religious Ramadan, such as Muslim Ramadan, China Taoism and so on.

Modern "fast food" is different from long-term dieting, which emphasizes rhythm, not only what to eat, but also when to eat. "Fast food" can be regarded as a way of eating, a time arrangement that cycles between fasting (or reducing calorie intake) and non-fasting.

What are the eating patterns of "light fasting"? According to the different intermittent time, there are several popular and clinically verified ones:

Is to eat food one day and only drink water the other. Of course, it is not a simple "eat and drink a day, and eat nothing for a day". What to eat on fasting day and opening day is also particular. Generally speaking, you can relax the restrictions and eat delicious and comfortable on the opening day, but you should not eat high-calorie foods at will. It is best to eat foods with high nutritional density, including coarse grains, protein, high-quality fat and fresh fruits and vegetables. Fasting days can be carried out in two ways: one is strictly fasting, without any calories, only drinking water and tea or black coffee without additives; A food that is allowed to consume about 25% energy, that is, about 500 kilocalories, and is mainly composed of high-quality protein and fruits and vegetables.

Out of seven days in a week, two consecutive days are randomly selected, and only 25% of the normal energy is consumed, about 600 kilocalories for men and 500 kilocalories for women, and the rest five days are relatively normal. This diet-controlled diet is a reliable diet that is internationally recognized at present. China’s latest authoritative weight loss guide "Blue Book of Obesity Prevention and Control in China" also recommends this method. It is pointed out in the book that "5+2 fasting" can improve weight and metabolism without serious adverse reactions. Scientific "fast food" is not only to control the total calorie intake, but also to ensure nutrition as much as possible, to ensure that staple food, meat, vegetables, eggs, milk and other foods are ingested, so as to effectively avoid nutritional imbalance. Of course, we must choose "three low and one high" foods, that is, foods with low fat, low calorie, low GI (glycemic index) and high protein, and at the same time ensure enough drinking water. Eat normally on non-fasting days, because eating too little will reduce the basal metabolic rate, but it will affect the weight loss.

In a day, you only eat at will at certain times, such as the very popular "16+8 fast food", which means you only eat within 8 hours and don’t eat at other times. For example, have brunch in the morning (around 10 o’clock), eat normally at noon, and finish dinner in advance (before 6 o’clock). Food selection should also pay attention to choosing more healthy foods, avoiding fried and high-sugar foods, reducing the intake of salt and monosodium glutamate, drinking less soup and not eating snacks, otherwise it will be difficult to get results.

There is no obvious difference between these methods, but exercise is essential to achieve weight loss. Fasting days can reduce exercise, and non-fasting days should be combined with exercise, especially resistance exercise, to reduce muscle loss and achieve the goal of "losing weight faster and healthier".

Dialectical treatment is carried out under the guidance of doctors.

It is important to lose weight, and so is "fast food". Due to the existence of individual differences, it is necessary to treat it dialectically whether it is good or not. Please pay attention to the possible negative effects before starting "fast food", and it is recommended to do it under the guidance of a doctor.

① Long-term fasting and low dietary calories of gastrointestinal diseases will lead to atrophy or even disappearance of villi of gastrointestinal mucosa, which will cause a series of gastrointestinal discomfort.

(2) People who are weak in malnutrition or who have a partial eclipse rashly stop eating, which may lead to malnutrition, make the body weaker, and even have symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, palpitation and sallow complexion.

③ Pay attention to the adverse reactions in spirit. Hunger will affect people’s mood, leading to inattention, bad temper, irritability, insomnia, etc., affecting normal life. (Healthy Beijing)

　　At present, Nanjing’s largest decoration waste resource disposal plant — — Jiufengshan Building Resource Center project has entered the equipment debugging stage before trial operation. The project has a production line for recycling decoration waste and a brick-making product line. After it is officially put into production, it can handle 300,000 tons of decoration waste every year, which is equivalent to solving the decoration waste generated by the fine decoration of 100,000 100-square-meter commercial houses and making 30 million standard bricks, which greatly enhances the capacity of construction waste disposal and renewable utilization in our city.

　　Go to the rough and get the essence, decorate the garbage and then "go to work"

　　Walking into Jiangbei Environmental Protection Industrial Park in Xingdian Street, Pukou District, Nanjing, an oversized "White Tofu" modern factory building attracts people’s attention. This is the Jiufengshan Building Resource Center project that will be put into trial production soon. In the past, the decoration garbage was directly transported to the landfill, and now they can be employed here again.

　　In the crushing production area, a mechanical assembly line runs in an orderly way. It is understood that these crushing equipment, sorting equipment, screening equipment, etc. classify, remove and crush the decoration garbage according to the different characteristics of materials such as size and quality, and become recycled aggregate. "Recycled aggregate can be resold or used as raw material to make bricks again." The person in charge of the project of Nanjing Environment Group, the builder, said.

　　"The composition of decoration waste is complicated, including lime soil, concrete blocks, wood, plastics, etc., so it is necessary to ‘ Sieve before breaking ’ 。” According to the person in charge of the project, the project adopts the technological process of "one-stage crushing+two-stage screening+multi-stage compound sorting of sundries" to build a complete set of resource disposal production line, which can handle 300,000 tons of decoration waste every year.

　　Optimize the process to add "coat" to dust noise

　　The decoration garbage is crushed and screened layer by layer, and almost no dust escapes in the process, because the project introduces advanced equipment such as pulse bag filter dust removal, which is distributed in the east, northwest and southwest corners of the treatment workshop.

　　"A traditional production line will only be equipped with one exhaust gas treatment equipment, and we have three in one production line." The person in charge of the project said, "With these equipment, we estimate that the dust particles on the site are 10 micrograms per cubic meter, which is half lower than the local standard in Nanjing."

　　At the same time, the decoration garbage disposal workshop also selects low-noise environmental protection equipment, and adopts shock absorption, sound insulation, sound absorption and noise elimination measures for sound sources such as crushers, vibrating screen separators and exhaust fans, and installs silencers or sound insulation covers, and materials such as sound insulation cotton lining the equipment shell to "coat" the noise.

　　Turning waste into treasure, recycled aggregate is "reborn"

　　At the end of the resource processing center is the brick-making workshop. Recycled aggregate can be put into use after mixing, stirring, high temperature pressing, kiln maintenance and other processes. The brick-making workshop of Jiufengshan Project adopts the internationally leading BESSER automatic concrete production line, which not only has low energy consumption and high durability, but also can realize automatic man-machine interaction management in key links and effectively improve the overall quality of recycled products.

　　"The finished bricks produced by this production line have the advantages of good appearance and texture, high compressive strength, oxidation resistance and fastness," said the project leader of Nanjing Environment Group, the builder. "After full production, the project can provide more than 30 million high-quality finished bricks for Nanjing and surrounding cities every year."

　　Thanks to the adjustable pressing die technology, the brick-making production line can be flexibly adjusted according to the market demand, producing different kinds of finished bricks such as colored floor bricks, retaining wall bricks and load-bearing blocks, which can meet different purposes such as building construction, greening gardens, high-speed slope protection, river bank slope and so on.

　　Decoration waste is a common type of construction waste. Strengthening the resource utilization of construction waste is of great significance to promote the green transformation of urban and rural construction and development. According to the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the recycling of construction waste in Nanjing, Nanjing will continue to promote the construction of facilities for recycling construction waste, enhance the capacity of large-scale disposal and recycling of construction waste, promote the development of industrial agglomeration of recycling construction waste, and help build a "waste-free city".

　　(Jiangsu News Broadcasting/Jiang Qihui Correspondent/Ning Jianxuan Editor/Xu Qiqi)

In March this year, some people in the global new energy auto market were happy and some people were worried. China, Britain and France saw triple-digit growth, and Italian electric vehicle sales even increased 10 times year-on-year. However, countries striving for environmental protection, such as the Netherlands and Sweden, showed a downward trend. In terms of market share of electric vehicles, Norway is at the forefront of electrification, followed by Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands. In the first quarter of 2021, the sales of electric vehicles in China and Germany increased by three digits, and the market share is expected to expand rapidly.

China: New energy vehicles increased by 2.4 times year-on-year. Pure electricity and plug-in continued to set a new record.

According to the production and sales data released by China Automobile Industry Association (hereinafter referred to as "China Automobile Association"), in March 2021, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China showed a high-speed growth momentum, reaching 216,000 vehicles and 226,000 vehicles respectively, up by 74.9% and 1.1 times, up by 2.5 times and 2.4 times. In all segments of new energy vehicles, the production and sales were 182,000 and 190,000 respectively, up 2.6 times and 2.5 times year-on-year; The production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 34,000 and 36,000, respectively, up 2 times and 1.9 times year-on-year; fuel battery

From January to March, the production and sales of new energy vehicles both exceeded 500,000, reaching 533,000 and 515,000 respectively, up 3.2 times and 2.8 times year-on-year. Compared with January and February, the growth rate slowed down. Among the main varieties of new energy vehicles, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles were 455,000 and 433,000 respectively, up 3.6 times and 3.1 times respectively. The production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 78,000 and 82,000 respectively, both increasing by 1.8 times year-on-year; The production and sales of fuel cell vehicles were 104 and 150 respectively, down by 43.2% and 27.5% respectively.

Xu Haidong, deputy chief engineer of China Automobile Association, pointed out that the good performance of production and sales of new energy vehicles in the first quarter of this year is inseparable from two key factors. First, with the joint efforts of domestic and foreign car companies, new energy vehicle products can increasingly meet the needs of consumers, and the other is that the acceptance of new energy vehicle products by private consumers is gradually increasing. Based on this, the association is still optimistic about the annual sales performance of new energy vehicles.

Germany: the market share of electric vehicles reached 23%, and sales in the first quarter rose by 177%.

(Source: Tesla)

In March, Germany sold more than 65,000 electric vehicles, with a market share of 23%. Both electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles performed well. Sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 191% year-on-year to 30,101 vehicles, with a market share of 10.3%; Sales of plug-in hybrid vehicles increased by 278% year-on-year to 35,580 vehicles, with a market share of 12.2%. In the case that the overall automobile market rebounded by 36% year-on-year, the sales volume of gasoline vehicles only increased by 7% to 115,174 vehicles, with a market share of 39.4%; The sales volume of diesel vehicles decreased by 5% to 64,518 vehicles, with a market share of 22.1%.

As far as models are concerned, Tesla Model 3 won the sales crown of electric vehicles in that month and sold 3,699 vehicles. The runner-up is e-Up! EV, sold 3,599 vehicles (e-Up! It has been on the market for ten years, and the electric version was launched in 2013), and there is only a gap of 100 vehicles from the champion; Ranked third with competitive cost performance, with 3,237 registered vehicles.

In the first quarter, the sales volume of electric vehicles in Germany was 142,741, up 177.7% from 51,409 in the same period last year, with a market share of 22% (9.9% for pure electric vehicles). As far as the model is concerned, Volkswagen e-Up! EV won the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown in Germany, surpassing the second Tesla Model 3 with a gap of 1,229 vehicles, and pushed the champion .3 in December last year to the third place.

UK: Sales of electric vehicles doubled to a new high, with a market share of nearly 14%.

According to the data of the British Automobile Manufacturers and Dealers Association (SMMT), following the decline in sales in February, the number of new car registrations in the UK rebounded by 11.5% year-on-year to 283,964 in March. Considering that the exhibition hall was closed that month and the sales volume was poor in the same period last year, this is already a good result.

It is worth noting that Britain is continuing to transform into new technologies, and the number of electric vehicle registrations has increased by 112% year-on-year to 39,333, a record high. In that month, the market share of electric vehicles reached 13.9%, up from 7.3% in the same period last year. Specifically, the sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 88% year-on-year to 22,003 vehicles, with a market share of 7.7%; The sales volume of plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 152% year-on-year to 17,330 vehicles, with a market share of 6.1%.

In the first three months, 58,392 electric vehicles were registered in the UK, up 83% year-on-year, with a market share of 13.7%. 31,779 pure electric vehicles were registered, up 74% year-on-year, with a market share of 7.5%; Plug-in hybrid vehicles registered 26,613 vehicles, up 94% year-on-year, with a market share of 6.3%.

Mike Hawes, CEO of SMMT, said: "I am optimistic that consumer confidence and the market will recover." British showrooms and other non-essential retail businesses reopened on April 12th.

France: sales of electric vehicles have tripled. Model 3 defeated Peugeot e-208 and

Peugeot e-208 (Source:)

In March this year, the number of car registrations in France increased by 192% year-on-year to 182,774. The electric vehicle market is even more popular, with the number of registered vehicles soaring by 306% year-on-year to 29,737 (the sales volume was low due to the epidemic blockade in the same period last year), with a market share of 16%. Specifically, the number of registered pure electric passenger cars increased by 183% year-on-year to 15,592, with a market share of 8.5%; The registered number of plug-in hybrid passenger cars soared by 682% year-on-year to 14,145, with a market share of 7.7%. In that month, the sales share of diesel vehicles dropped to 23%, the lowest level since the mid-1990s.

In March, the most shocking thing was that Tesla Model 3 registered 4,524 vehicles in France, which not only beat other electric vehicles, but also won the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown, which was a huge victory for Tesla; The runner-up of electric vehicle sales in that month was Peugeot e-208, with only 1,667 registered vehicles; The third place was the former overlord of the list, with 1,519 registered vehicles.

In the first three months of this year, the French electric vehicle market rose by 74.9% year-on-year to 61,950 vehicles, with a market share of 14%, up by 3 percentage points over the same period last year. Among them, the number of registered pure electric passenger cars increased by 18% year-on-year to 30,489, with a market share of 6.9%; Plug-in hybrid passenger cars surged 231% year-on-year to 31,461 vehicles, with a market share of 7.1%.

Italy: The electric vehicle market became a dark horse, with a year-on-year increase of 1041.8%.

In March, Italy achieved a strong recovery, with more than 171,000 vehicles registered, which was the best result since June 2019, far exceeding the less than 29,000 vehicles in March 2020. In March, Italy registered 15,094 electric vehicles, up 1041.8% from 1,322 vehicles in the same period last year, accounting for 8.8% of the market, up from 4.6% in the same period last year.

Specifically, in March, 7,362 pure electric vehicles were registered in Italy, breaking the record of 7,225 vehicles in December last year, up 695% from the same period last year, with a market share of 4.3%; Plug-in hybrid vehicles performed better, with 7,732 registered vehicles, which also reached a record high, about 20 times that of 389 vehicles in the same period last year. In that month, the market share of plug-in hybrid vehicles was 4.5%, surpassing pure electric vehicles for the third consecutive month, which is a new trend for Italy, which is more inclined to pure electric vehicles.

As far as models are concerned, in March, Tesla Model 3 returned to the top of the electric vehicle list with a registration of 1,363; Fiat 500e also performed well, ranking second with 1,056 registered vehicles, but still giving up the pure electric vehicle sales crown that has been in succession for three months, which is about 300 vehicles away from the champion; ForTwo registered 759 vehicles, ranking third.

Norway: the market share of electric vehicles accounts for four fifths, and the demand for Model 3 is strong.

Number of registered electric passenger cars in Norway (Source: Insideevs)

In March, Norway’s electric vehicle market continued to expand, with the number of registered vehicles increasing by 39% year-on-year to 13,003, accounting for 84.9% of the total automobile market. This performance is enough to beat the performance of 5,315 Model 3s when they arrived in Norway in March 2019, but it is slightly inferior to that in December 2020.

It is worth noting that the market for pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles is expanding. In the same month, the registration of pure electric vehicles in Norway increased by 23.8% year-on-year to 8,624 vehicles, with a market share of 56.3%; The registered number of plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 83.1% year-on-year to 4,379 vehicles, with a market share of 28.6%.

In the first quarter of this year, Norway registered 29,764 electric passenger cars, up 27% from the same period last year, with a market share of about 82%. Among them, there were 19,159 pure electric vehicles, up 17% year-on-year, with a market share of 52.8%; There are 10,605 plug-in hybrid vehicles, up 70% year-on-year, with a market share of 29.2%.

In March this year, the biggest star in the Norwegian electric vehicle market was Tesla Model 3, with 2,169 vehicles registered, and 2,566 vehicles registered in the first three months, which was enough to win the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown. These data are enough to alleviate the speculation of insufficient demand for Tesla, and the upcoming listing will further increase Tesla’s share. By the end of March, Tesla had sold more than 60,000 vehicles in Norway. Another strong competitor is the newly released Volkswagen ID.4, with 856 registered vehicles. This time, ID.3 is not on the Top 20 list.

Netherlands: Electric vehicle sales continued to decline, but the market share rose to 20%.

Registration of electric passenger cars in the Netherlands (Source: Insideevs)

In March, the sales of passenger cars in the Netherlands continued to decline, down 18% year-on-year, and electric vehicles were also affected. Following the 20% year-on-year decline in electric vehicle registration in February, the number of electric vehicle registrations in the Netherlands decreased by 4% year-on-year to 4,834 vehicles in March. The only positive highlight is that the market share of electric vehicles has reached 20% (9% for pure electric vehicles), an increase of 3 percentage points over the same period last year. As can be seen from the figure, the sales volume of electric vehicles at the beginning of the year is usually average (mainly due to changes in financial incentive policies), so the monthly sales volume may start to increase in the future.

As far as models are concerned, Tesla Model 3 successfully returned to the championship in the electric vehicle rankings in March, registering 341 vehicles, which is the first time that it has won the championship since September 2020. However, this is also the usual style of Tesla, and the company usually achieves high delivery in the third month of each quarter. The second place is Volvo XC40 PHEV with 257 registered vehicles; The third place is Volkswagen ID.4, with a registered volume of 247 vehicles. Interestingly, although the sales of ID.3 were hot at the end of last year, it was not on the list this time. Perhaps there are many false self-registrations that need to find buyers.

In the first quarter of this year, the number of registered electric vehicles in the Netherlands was 12,221, with a market share of 15% (5.6% for pure electric vehicles), which was 3 percentage points higher than the 12% in the same period last year. Tesla Model 3 and Volkswagen ID.4 jumped to the third and fourth place respectively in the list of best-selling electric vehicles in the Netherlands in the first three months.

Sweden: The electric vehicle market shrank by 13%, but the plug-in hybrid car rose by 212%.

Passenger car registration in Sweden in March (Source: CleanTechnica)

In March, the Swedish electric vehicle market shrank by 13% year-on-year to 17,543 vehicles, but the market share of electric vehicles reached 37%, up from 27.2% in the same period in 2020. Unusually, the number of registered plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 212% year-on-year, accounting for 31.5% of the market, and the share of pure electric vehicles was only 5.5%. This ratio of 6: 1 is in stark contrast to last year’s ratio of about 2.5: 1.

The reason is that since April 1st, Swedish policy has changed, and it began to be more inclined to support pure electric buses and further punish carbon emissions. Among them, pure electric vehicles increased by about 1,000 euros to 6,800 euros, which is about 25% of the price of electric vehicles; The subsidy for plug-in hybrid vehicles has been reduced from the previous 2,000 to 3,900 euros to 1,250 to 2,800 euros, with an average reduction of 1,000 euros per vehicle. Therefore, March is the "last chance" for consumers to buy plug-in hybrid cars with the best subsidies, and pure electric vehicle consumers will choose to wait until April to buy a car.

In addition, the government has also raised the annual tax on automobile carbon emissions (new cars must be paid in the first three years), making cars with carbon emissions below 90 g/km more attractive than before. In particular, vehicles with high carbon emissions, such as fuel, large and heavy internal combustion engines, will be punished, and an additional three-year tax will be paid. Non-hybrid vehicles with carbon emissions of 230 g/km, such as Volvo XC90, will have to pay about 5,000 euros.

Spain: Pure electric vehicles rose by 174%, plug-in hybrid vehicles surged by 465%

According to the data of the Spanish Automobile Manufacturers Association (ANFAC), the sales of new cars in Spain rose by 128% year-on-year to 85,819 in March. In March 2020, some dealers stopped operating in the epidemic blockade, but the sales volume in March was still far lower than that in 2019.

In that month, the electric vehicle market also performed well with a market share of 6.5%. Sales of pure electric vehicles rose by 174% year-on-year, with a market share of 2.4%, up from 2% in March last year. Plug-in hybrid vehicles surged 465% year-on-year, with a market share of 4.1%, compared with 1.7% in the same period last year. Sales of fully hybrid vehicles increased by 226% year-on-year, accounting for 22% of the market, compared with 15% in the same period last year.

The sales volume of gasoline vehicles increased by 101% year-on-year, and the market share was 48.7%, which was 6.5 percentage points lower than that in March 2020. Diesel vehicles accounted for 21.7%, down 3.1 percentage points from March 2020; LPG vehicles increased by 404%, with a market share of 1%.

On April 9, the Spanish energy department said that the government had approved a plan of 800 million euros (about 950 million US dollars). By 2023, private buyers in Spain have the right to apply for a subsidy of up to 7,000 euros per car. If the town government and enterprises buy the fleet for taxis, they will get more subsidies. Buyers of electric trucks can get subsidies as high as 9,000 euros. It is planned to take effect on April 10th.

United States: In the first quarter, the sales of pure electric vehicles nearly doubled to 100,000 hybrid vehicles.

Model Y (source: Tesla)

In the first quarter of 2021, the sales of new cars in the US market increased by 11% year-on-year to 3.9 million. According to the latest report of Cox Automotive and Kelly Blue Book, the total sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States exceeded 300,000, which exceeded the overall market.

In the first quarter, the sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States was 303,753, up 80.8% from 167,966 in the same period last year, with a market share of 7.8%. Specifically, the sales volume of pure electric vehicles was 98,832, a record high, up 44.8% from 68,247 in the same period last year, with a market share of only 2.5%; The sales volume of hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles was 204,921, up 105.5% from 99,719 in the same period last year, with a market share of 5.2%.

In the first three months of this year, Tesla was the head player in the pure electric vehicle market in the United States, selling about 69,300 vehicles, accounting for 71% of the market, down from 83% in the same period last year. The best-selling electric vehicle in the United States is Model Y, followed by Model 3 (down 50% year-on-year), Bolt EV and Mustang Mach-E.

In the case that some brands don’t announce the sales of plug-in hybrid cars, the top three players in the hybrid/plug-in hybrid car market in the United States are: 124,449 vehicles (up 151% year-on-year), accounting for nearly 25% of Toyota’s total sales, including 32,263 Toyota Rongfang Hybrid; : More than 22,000 vehicles, accounting for 7.1% of Honda’s total sales; Ford: More than 18,000 vehicles.

　　From the banks of the Yangtze River to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, from the foot of the Tianshan Mountains to the coast of the East China Sea, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary of the Supreme Leader has traveled all over the country, and the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has spread all over China.

　　The green hills are endless, and the green waters are long. We walk between the mountains and rivers and explore the way of ecological management.

　　"Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity, while ecological decline leads to civilized decline. The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and changes in the ecological environment directly affect the rise and fall of civilization. " This is the profound conclusion drawn by the Supreme Leader General Secretary from the evolution of ancient ecological culture and civilization.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　"Protecting the environment means protecting the productive forces, and improving the environment means developing the productive forces" … … Words are sonorous and inspiring.

　　"When the weather is favorable, the quantity and location are favorable, and the effort is less and the success is more."

　　In 2018, at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted "When the weather is favorable, the quantity and location are less, but the success is more" in Qi Min Yao Shu, emphasizing activities in accordance with the laws of nature.

　　Traditional agriculture emphasizes that production activities should be carried out in accordance with the weather and local conditions.

　　In May, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader got off the bus temporarily during an inspection tour in Nanyang, Henan, and walked into a wheat field to see the growth of wheat.

　　In November 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, and got off the bus temporarily. He saw that the winter wheat just planted last month had sprouted and praised "good moisture".

　　In March, 2024, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader went to Changde, Hunan Province, and walked into the comprehensive demonstration area of local grain production of 10,000 mu to see the progress of seedling cultivation and spring ploughing.

　　In spring ploughing, Xia Yun, autumn harvest and winter storage, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary is well versed in farming. "Frogs beat drums, beans are buried in the ground", "May Day seedlings are not planted in the south" and "inch wheat is not afraid of inch water, but inch wheat is afraid of inch water" … … Behind the familiarity with agricultural proverbs is the general secretary of the supreme leader’s understanding and attention to grasping the farming season.

　　Those who do it often succeed, and those who do it often arrive.

　　Before and after Qingming Festival, it is a good time to plant trees. Shovel and shovel, cultivate cofferdam, lift water and water … … Over the years, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has arranged an activity, that is, to participate in voluntary tree planting activities with the people in the capital.

　　In March 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing to participate in voluntary tree planting activities in the capital and plant trees with everyone. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Jingwen photo

　　"The predecessors planted trees and enjoyed the cool. Each of us is a cool person, but we must be tree growers." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that an important significance of voluntary tree planting by the whole people is to let everyone establish the awareness of ecological civilization and form a consensus and joint efforts to promote the construction of ecological civilization.

　　"Everyone strives to be a green emissary and an ecological pioneer, so as to make the beautiful China greener and more colorful", the General Secretary said, and insisted on doing so for many years. "Perseverance and long-term contribution will make our motherland bluer in sky, greener in mountains, cleaner in water and better in ecological environment".

　　"Take it in moderation and use it in moderation"

　　At the opening ceremony of the World Horticultural Exposition in Beijing, China in 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted the words in Zi Zhi Tong Jian as saying: "‘ Take it in moderation and use it sparingly ’ It is the true meaning of ecological civilization. "

　　A river with clear water and green hills on both sides. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gave a good prescription of "jointly protecting and not developing", which enabled the industrial transformation and upgrading, the regulation of the coastline along the Yangtze River and the "ten-year fishing ban" to be implemented in depth, and the ecological environment protection and economic and social development of the Yangtze River have undergone historic and turning changes.

　　The Qinling Mountains are towering and covered with vegetation. In order to protect the ecological environment of Qinling Mountains, the central government sent a special rectification working group to settle in Shaanxi. With the launch of the special rectification campaign, 1,194 illegally built villas were completely rectified. The exhortation that "to be a good ecological guardian of Qinling Mountains, you must never repeat the same mistakes and never leave a bad name in history" makes the strict observance of the ecological red line and "not to cross the line one step further" become a conscious follow, and the mountains and rivers of Qinling Mountains will be fully green.

　　In April, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve in Zhashui County, Shangluo City to inspect the ecological protection of Qinling Mountains. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

　　Back in time, the idea of ecological governance is consistent.

　　As early as during his work in Xiamen, Fujian Province, the supreme leader comrades were deeply concerned about the comprehensive management of Yaodang Lake. Dredging the shore, invigorating the water body and beautifying the environment, from the cross-flow of sewage and the extinction of fish and shrimp to the green shore with clean water, birds flying and fish jumping, and turning cocoons into butterflies, has become a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　In the summer of 2005, the supreme leader comrade, then secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, came to Yucun, Anji, and the scientific conclusion of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" was put forward for the first time. From "selling stones" to "selling scenery", a road of sustainable development with ecological beauty, industrial prosperity and rich people has been spread out.

　　"Protect the ecological environment like eyes and treat it like life", focusing on the sustainable development of China and the future of the Chinese nation, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thinks long-term.

　　"Wealth becomes the way of heaven and earth, and it is suitable for heaven and earth."

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Protecting the ecological environment means protecting natural value and increasing natural capital, and protecting the potential and stamina of economic and social development." The general secretary once quoted the Book of Changes as saying that "wealth becomes the way of heaven and earth, assisting heaven and earth" and other contents, and expounded that heaven and earth should be unified and natural ecology should be linked with human civilization.

　　Over the past 10 years, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has visited the Yangtze River for many times, caring about the ecological protection of the Yangtze River and the development of coastal areas.

　　From "eating the river by the river" to "protecting the river by the river", behind the new path of promoting ecological priority and green development is the strategic determination and foresight of the Supreme Leader General Secretary "calculating big accounts and long-term accounts", which shows the vivid practice of Chinese modernization.

　　In April 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Chenglingji Hydrological Station in Yueyang, Hunan. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

　　"Support ecologically advantageous areas to do a good job in ecological utilization and turn ecological wealth into economic wealth."

　　From once "a chainsaw rings, gold is two thousand" to now "you can still get rich without cutting down a tree". Forestry workers in Daxinganling forest region of Inner Mongolia have changed from "chopping trees" to "watching tree people", and the change of their identity has become the epitome of the transformation of industrial structure in the forest region.

　　Green is to increase advantages, and forest protection is to protect wealth. Daxing ‘anling forest region promotes ecological industrialization and industrial ecologicalization, develops under-forest planting and breeding industry, and truly turns green mountains and green hills into Jinshan Yinshan.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization, which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, put forward: "We must improve the system of ecological civilization system, promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth in coordination, actively respond to climate change, and speed up the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets concept."

　　"Do it well and stick to it. Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, we will unswervingly take the road of ecological priority and green development and stride forward towards the modernization goal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Planning: Tian Junrong, Yang Xuebo, Jiang Yun

　　Overall planning: Xiang Li and Zhao Peng.

　　Text: Liu Shuwen, Jiang Runnan

　　Editor: Wang Rong

　　Proofreading: Kuang Xixi and Wu Yue