The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

The implementation of urban renewal is a major decision-making arrangement made by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and a major strategic measure to conform to the new stage of urban development and promote the high-quality development of the city. Urban renewal is not only an important carrier to implement the new development concept, but also an important fulcrum to build a new development pattern and an important path to promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. At present, the urban development of our region has changed from large-scale incremental construction to both stock upgrading and incremental structural adjustment, and has entered an important period of urban renewal. In order to promote the implementation of urban renewal, with the consent of the people’s government of the autonomous region, we hereby put forward the following opinions.

I. General requirements

Completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, understand, respect and conform to the laws of urban development, continuously improve the quality of urban human settlements, and promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity. Promote the inclusion of Hohhot and Baotou in national pilot cities and introduce pilot programs for urban renewal; Carry out urban renewal construction demonstration, and guide cities (including Bayanhaote Town, Alashan Zuoqi, Alashan League) to implement urban renewal actions. By the end of 2023, all the cities in the whole region will form demonstration areas for renewal, and gradually expand the scope of the areas or concentrate on urban renewal. By the end of 2025, important progress has been made in urban renewal, the institutional mechanism and policy system for urban renewal have been initially formed, the urban system has been continuously improved, the urban structure, functions and layout have been gradually adjusted and optimized, the mode of urban development and construction has been accelerated, the urban living environment has been continuously improved, and "urban diseases" and outstanding urban problems have been effectively controlled.

Second, the key tasks

(1) Building a livable and comfortable city.

1. Improve the spatial layout. Promote the construction of Hubao Hubei and Chifeng and Tongliao regional central cities, accelerate the integration process of Hubao Hubei and Hubei, promote the integration of production and cities, coordinate the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, promote the co-construction and sharing of major regional infrastructure and public service facilities, and establish a modern facility network system such as comprehensive three-dimensional transportation of urban agglomerations with perfect functions and close connection. Promote urban and rural development with counties as a unit, steadily improve the carrying capacity of small and medium-sized cities, and focus on developing small towns with characteristics.

2. Promote the transformation of old communities. In accordance with the requirements of co-construction, co-governance, sharing, basic categories should be reformed, improved categories should be reformed more, and upgrading categories should be actively promoted, the renovation plan and annual renovation plan of old residential areas should be scientifically formulated, the renovation content should be reasonably determined, and efforts should be made to solve the problem of people’s "urgent difficulties and worries". By the end of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, the renovation of old residential areas completed before the end of 2005 will be basically completed. We will intensify the energy-saving renovation, water-saving renovation, aging adaptation and barrier-free facilities renovation of existing buildings, carry out actions to make up for shortcomings in the construction of complete residential communities, actively create green communities, and improve the livable level of residents.

3. Promote the renovation of old houses. The dilapidated buildings identified by the housing administrative department can be rebuilt through renovation, reconstruction or appropriate expansion. If conditions permit, the scale of the building can be appropriately increased, complete renovation or convenience service facilities can be implemented. Encourage old buildings such as old office buildings and old commercial facilities to upgrade, adjust their functions, enhance their vitality and develop new formats. Encourage old buildings to increase fire stairs, elevators and other facilities, and make comprehensive use of qualified underground space.

4. Promote the transformation of old factory areas. For enterprises in old industrial areas, local transformation, relocation in different places and legal closure will be implemented as appropriate, so as to guide enterprises to concentrate in qualified industrial parks and promote industrial agglomeration development. Make full use of the vacated land and abandoned land, and develop modern production and living services and strategic emerging industries. Encourage the transformation of old factories and facilities, giving priority to public culture, public sports, pension and creativity industries. We will promote the functional reconstruction, environmental improvement and ecosystem restoration of old industrial plants, rationally develop and utilize industrial heritage resources, and build bases for patriotism education and popular science.

5. Implement ecological restoration and functional improvement. Fully consider the carrying capacity of resources and environment, reasonably determine the city size and population density, improve the urban ecosystem, and protect the natural features of urban mountains. Repair rivers, lakes, wetlands and other water bodies, coordinate regional watershed ecological environment management and urban construction, protect and restore urban and surrounding water space, and expand rainwater storage space. Fully tap urban idle resources, maximize the activation of urban inefficient resources, and adopt diversified operation methods to make overall planning and in-depth development of existing urban spatial resources.

(2) Building a green and low-carbon city.

1. Promote the construction of landscaping. Strengthen the construction of urban park system, greenway and slow-moving system, and build a green ecological network. Taking the construction of garden city as the starting point, we will implement the action of "300 meters to see green, 500 meters to see garden" to further strengthen the systematic and balanced comprehensive service efficiency of urban garden green space. Reasonable planning and construction of public activity spaces such as squares, theme parks and walkways will facilitate residents’ activities and promote residents’ exchanges. Strengthen the function of green space to serve residents’ daily activities, so that residents can see green space near their homes, get close to green space and cultivate their sentiments.

2. Build a green building system. Strengthen the improvement of energy efficiency of new buildings and promote the development of passive buildings with ultra-low energy consumption, near zero energy consumption and zero carbon. Promote the scale development of green buildings, expand the implementation scope of green building standards, and develop high-star green buildings. Continue to promote the energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings and public buildings, and strengthen the promotion and application of green building materials. Cultivate the industrial base of prefabricated buildings, carry out the demonstration of prefabricated buildings, improve the technical standard system of prefabricated buildings, explore the popularization and application in the construction of affordable housing, and accelerate the development of prefabricated buildings.

3. Accelerate the implementation of clean heating. Adhere to both energy security and clean development, and implement clean heating transformation such as "coal to gas" and "coal to electricity" according to local conditions. Vigorously promote cogeneration, industrial waste heat and large-scale regional boilers and other central heating methods, actively promote medium and long-distance heating, and gradually phase out scattered coal-fired boilers. Accelerate the integration and optimization of heating sources and the networking operation of heating networks to form a multi-heat source combined heating ring network. Accelerate the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, the renovation of shanty towns and the renovation of urban villages and suburban areas, and gradually improve the clean heating rate.

4. Standardize the classification of domestic waste. Promote the introduction of local laws and regulations on the classification of domestic waste, improve the classification management system of domestic waste, improve the classification standards, issue guidance catalogues, and explore the formulation of incentive mechanisms linked to the classification results. Standardize the classified delivery of domestic waste, improve the classified collection facilities, improve the classified transfer facilities, promote the construction of domestic waste incineration plants and kitchen waste treatment plants, and enhance the terminal processing capacity. Improve the efficiency of garbage recovery and resource utilization.

(3) Building a safe and resilient city.

1. Promote the construction of sponge cities. Improve the promotion mechanism of sponge city construction, and run the concept and requirements of sponge city construction through the whole process of project construction. Carry out the pilot project of sponge city construction, give play to the leading role of typical demonstration projects, and cooperate with the construction and transformation of new urban infrastructure, the transformation of old residential areas, the treatment of black and odorous water bodies, drainage and waterlogging prevention, and landscaping. Adhere to systematic thinking and comprehensive management, and implement the five-year action of urban waterlogging control.

2. Promote the construction of new urban infrastructure. Comprehensively improve the operational efficiency and service capacity of urban infrastructure, implement the upgrading and intelligent management of municipal infrastructure such as urban water supply, drainage, heating and gas, improve the early warning and emergency management of pipe network leakage, flood control and drainage, gas safety, and ensure the safe operation of municipal infrastructure.

3. Strengthen the examination and acceptance of engineering fire protection design. Further standardize the working procedures of fire protection design review and acceptance of construction projects, and increase the construction of fire protection design review and acceptance institutions and teams. Strengthen the supervision of fire protection design review, construction, inspection and acceptance, strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers, focus on solving problems left over from history, do a good job in the pilot work of fire protection design review and acceptance in the renovation and utilization of existing buildings, and form a replicable and scalable experience.

4. Maintain urban public safety. Improve the allocation standard of urban comprehensive disaster prevention and safety facilities, improve the emergency command system for urban earthquake resistance, road traffic and geological disasters, and improve the urban life passage system. Strengthen the construction of urban disaster prevention and refuge places, and enhance the ability to resist natural disasters, deal with emergencies and manage crises. Establish and improve the responsibility system for urban safety supervision, rationally arrange urban residential and living areas, comprehensive service areas, commercial and business areas and green leisure areas, strengthen the monitoring of major hazard sources, and eliminate major accidents.

(4) Create a smart and dynamic city.

1. Promote the construction of urban information platform. Relying on the big data platform in the autonomous region, we will accelerate the construction of the basic platform of urban information model (CIM). Comprehensively promote the in-depth application of the platform in urban physical examination, urban safety, intelligent construction, smart community and other fields. Promote the construction of urban comprehensive management service platform and improve the scientific, refined and intelligent management level of the city. Build the Internet of construction industry, and apply the technology of building information model (BIM) to improve the coordination level of architectural design, construction, operation and maintenance.

2. Conduct a general survey of underground municipal infrastructure. Fully grasp the current situation, promote prefecture-level cities to establish and improve the comprehensive management information platform of underground municipal infrastructure, meet the requirements of facilities planning and construction, operation services, emergency and disaster prevention, and deeply integrate with the CIM platform to realize the co-construction and sharing of facilities information. Establish the geographic information system of municipal drainage pipe network, and realize the informationization and account book management of the pipe network.

(5) Shaping a city with humanistic characteristics.

1. Strengthen historical and cultural protection. We will sort out the regional cultural characteristics and urban vein texture in detail, do a good job in the protection of historical and cultural cities, historical and cultural blocks and historical buildings, and establish an urban and rural historical and cultural protection and inheritance system with scientific classification, strong protection and effective management. Efforts should be made to solve the outstanding problems such as the repeated destruction and demolition of historical and cultural heritage, make overall plans for protection, utilization and inheritance, and adhere to systematic and complete protection, not only to protect single buildings, but also to protect street blocks and urban patterns, as well as to protect historical sites, natural landscapes and human environment.

2. Strengthen the control of style and features. In accordance with the architectural policy of "applicability, economy, green and beauty", the use function of buildings and the requirements of energy-saving, water-saving, land-saving, material-saving and environmental protection are highlighted, and special-shaped buildings are strictly controlled to prevent one-sided pursuit of architectural appearance. Comprehensively strengthen urban design, optimize and upgrade architectural design standards, strengthen the investigation of design responsibility, strictly control the examination and approval of architectural design, and put an end to chaos such as greed, flattery and strangeness.

Third, the work measures

(a) to carry out a comprehensive urban physical examination. Through the evaluation of urban physical examination, find out the shortcomings and weaknesses. Coordinate the management of urban planning and construction, and put forward the goals and suggestions of optimizing regional functions, improving public facilities, improving urban quality, protecting historical features, improving urban environment and improving infrastructure.

(two) the scientific preparation of the implementation plan. The people’s governments of various cities shall organize the formulation of the implementation plan for urban renewal in their respective regions, and rationally delimit the renewal areas. Considering the functional integrity, systematicness and project implementability of the district as a whole, the project construction plan of the renewal district should be compiled, and different districts should implement differentiated urban renewal strategies.

(three) to carry out the implementation effect evaluation. According to the implementation plan of urban renewal, carry out post-evaluation of implementation effect, comprehensively summarize the implementation effect, seek truth from facts to find problems, and formulate sustainable promotion measures. Carry out a survey of people’s satisfaction and let the people judge the effectiveness of urban human settlements construction.

Fourth, organizational guarantee

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. All regions and relevant departments should fully understand the significance of implementing urban renewal actions, and establish a working mechanism for autonomous regions to make overall plans, cities to take overall responsibility, and jurisdictions to implement them. Establish an inter-office joint meeting system for the implementation of urban renewal actions in the autonomous region, and clarify departmental responsibilities and tasks. The office of the joint meeting is located in the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of the autonomous region. All relevant departments should do a good job of coordination, strengthen work guidance, strengthen policy support, and form a joint force for urban renewal. The people’s governments of cities should earnestly assume the main responsibility, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, and promote the effectiveness of urban renewal.

(2) Strengthen policy guarantee. Innovate supporting systems such as project establishment, land, planning and approval, and form a management system and policy system that is suitable for large-scale stock upgrading and transformation. Increase the security of urban renewal projects, optimize the supply structure of new construction land, revitalize the use of existing urban construction land, give priority to urban renewal projects, and adjust the nature and use of land according to law as needed. Continue to optimize the business environment, and improve the approval efficiency of urban renewal related projects by reducing links, reducing materials and optimizing the approval process.

(3) Increase financial support. Actively strive for central subsidy funds, adjust and optimize the financial expenditure structure, and increase investment in urban renewal projects. Co-ordinate the special funds of the autonomous region and guide the financial subsidy funds to tilt towards urban renewal projects. Support local people’s governments to increase the investment of special bond funds in urban renewal projects. Give full play to the role of policy finance, innovate financial products and services, and provide sustainable financing support for urban renewal. Encourage social capital to participate in urban renewal projects.

(4) Do a good job in publicity and guidance. All regions should intensify publicity and reporting, make full use of radio and television, newspapers, internet and other media, widely publicize the policies and effects of urban renewal, and tell the story of Inner Mongolia urban renewal. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of public opinion, report advanced experience in time, and publicize the sense of gain brought by urban renewal to the people. We should actively expand people’s participation channels and jointly create a good social atmosphere for urban renewal.

September 3, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

　　CCTV News:Two days ago, CCTV News Channel reported that many short videos and live broadcast platforms pushed and broadcast the news of minors’ love, pregnancy, childbirth and other chaos, which aroused widespread public concern.

　　The reporter found that the live video broadcast in these platforms not only ignored ethics, but even touched the bottom line of the law. There are hidden chaos in these video platforms, such as infringing on the rights and interests of minors, and the number of participants is huge and young.

　　We noticed that some mothers in the video are under 16 years old, but they are drying their two children on the Internet. Some underage mothers have plastered their walls with testimonials, but they have already given birth to children; Other girls are only 14 years old when they are pregnant. What touches us even more is that these are not extreme cases.

　　On some short video platforms, there are tens of thousands of similar videos. Although China’s Marriage Law clearly stipulates that marriage is not protected by law until it reaches the legal marriage age of 22 for men and 20 for women. However, in such an online social circle, young children not only don’t need to hide, but become the capital to show off and bring more attention to themselves. Let’s first look at the previous reporter’s investigation.

　　The 17-year-old girl has two children and 50,000 fans, and her works often make official hits. On the cover of every video, she will take pains to emphasize that she has many babies and is early to be a mother. Facts have proved that "14-year-old puppy love gave birth to a son" and "the youngest second-born mother in the whole network" have 300,000 to 400,000 broadcasts.

　　The reporter found that most of these underage mothers live in rural areas or small towns, and they drop out of school early to have children, often in marriage. They are narrow in social contact, monotonous in life and eager for attention. When they found that on such a hot video platform, they could attract attention by strengthening the attributes of younger mothers, they set off a wave of striving to be "the youngest mother in the whole network" and "the youngest mother in the whole village". A 15-year-old mother changed her name to "having her own cuteness at the age of 14" and was proud of it.

　　Facing the current situation of frequent violations of laws and regulations in webcasting, on the 2nd, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced that in order to implement the unified deployment of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China’s special campaign to strictly regulate the online game market and the action to rectify violations of laws and regulations in webcasting, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism strengthened the supervision of the online cultural market, strictly investigated the prohibited contents of online games, online performances and online music markets, and instructed comprehensive law enforcement agencies in various cultural markets to investigate and deal with a number of typical cases in the online cultural market. The special action will strictly investigate five types of behaviors, including online games with gambling content, online games with vulgar content, online games that do not require real-name registration, inducing consumption by random means, spoofing red classics and heroic videos, and online performances with prohibited content.　

　　Then, how on earth did these underage mothers become official hot spots by the pusher behind them, thus becoming "online celebrity" and getting tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of broadcasts? There is a very important technical link behind this, which is the intelligent recommendation function in the background of each platform.

[Explanation]

　　Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is a new technical science to study and develop theories, methods, technologies and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new intelligent machine that can respond in a similar way to human intelligence. The research in this field includes robot, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and expert system.

[argument]

　　2016 is the 60th anniversary of the concept of artificial intelligence. For artificial intelligence, Dr. Stephen Hawking commented: "The real artificial intelligence technology will be the greatest invention in human history."

　　At the beginning of March, 2016, after seven days of fierce fighting, Google’s "AlphaGo" beat South Korea’s Jiuduan Li Shishi in the Man-Machine Go Competition, which showed the rapid progress and powerful strength of contemporary artificial intelligence and shocked the hearts of countless people.

　　At the same time, the artificial intelligence products of other giants are constantly showing their edge. In April 2016, Xiao Ai, an artificial intelligence program in Alibaba Cloud, successfully predicted the top three in the fourth season finals of "I am a singer" and successfully predicted that CoCo Lee won the championship in the final showdown; Microsoft’s artificial intelligence system has realized "telling stories by looking at pictures"; Baidu’s "Baidu Brain" has reached the intelligence level of a 4-year-old child. Baidu unmanned vehicles have been tried out on the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing with complicated road conditions, and their emergency performance is better than that of drivers. The secret robot has settled in the KFC concept store in Hongqiao, Shanghai, ordering food directly for guests, and so on.

　　It seems that it will take a long time for these artificial intelligence to be popularized on a large scale. In fact, with the combination of artificial intelligence with emerging industries such as big data, Internet of Things, robotics, biomedicine and virtual reality, it will be faster and faster for other industries and even social and economic seepage velocity.

　　At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gestating. From the third world internet conference held in November, 2016, the innovation of Internet technology in the world is becoming more and more competitive in cutting-edge technology. As the "wind vane" of the Internet industry, the innovation of cutting-edge technology almost determines the development height of the whole Internet.

　　In October 2016, Obama hosted the White House Frontier Summit and looked forward to the development of the United States in the next 50 years. At the summit, the White House released the report "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan", aiming at using the full potential of the artificial intelligence plan to strengthen the economy and improve society. Not only that, the European Commission also announced that the "Human Brain Engineering Project" was selected as the EU’s "Future Emerging Flagship Technology Project".

　　China’s emphasis on artificial intelligence and its support are also increasing. The "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action" issued in July 2015 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to focus on developing the application of artificial intelligence in the fields of home, terminal, automobile and robot; In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", artificial intelligence was promoted to a national strategy; In May 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Three-year Action of Artificial Intelligence in internet plus" … Undoubtedly, the development and leap of artificial intelligence technology in the future will greatly change the world and people’s lifestyle.

　　The telegraph took 20 years from invention to popularization; The telephone took less than 10 years from invention to popularization; At present, the research, development and promotion of computer software often take less than a few months. In early January 2017, after the upgraded version of AlphaGo, the "mysterious chess player" Master swept the human Go master with a record of 60 wins, 0 losses and 1 draw, the artificial intelligence Baidu brain narrowly beat the "world memory master". While the Internet entered the second half, a new scene was unveiled in 2017, and artificial intelligence was exciting and full of infinite possibilities.

Notes

　　At present, a wave of artificial intelligence sweeping the world is coming. No matter startups, universities and scientific research institutions in Silicon Valley, or the world’s technology giants Google, Microsoft and Baidu, they have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the field of artificial intelligence and started to conduct forward-looking research.

　　AlphaGo beats Li Shishi.

　　On March 15th, 2016, the fifth match between Google’s artificial intelligence Go software AlphaGo and South Korean star Li Shishi ended, and AlphaGo beat Li Shishi with a total score of 4:1. From March 9 to 15, AlphaGo and Li Shishi fought a total of five games. In the first three games, AlphaGo won a big victory. In the fourth game, Li Shishi reversed the defeat, but in the fifth game, Li Shishi lost again.

　　As a long-standing chess game of the Chinese nation, Go has always been recognized by the industry as a highland that cannot be conquered by a computer. Looking back at this eye-catching man-machine war in the world, its significance has gone far beyond Go. People are keen to talk about AlphaGo, more out of concern for artificial intelligence technology.

　　On March 12, 2016, The Economist published an article entitled "Artificial Intelligence and Go", pointing out that unlike the chess played by Deep Blue in 1997, Go played by AlphaGo is more complicated, and there are more possibilities after each step. But the algorithm behind AlphaGo has already shown its advantages in the competition. Through deep learning, it has been able to simulate human playing chess, has "intuition" and can give the best strategy choice for the next step. Deep learning is an indispensable part of general artificial intelligence in the future. At present, many companies have invested money and energy in this field. In the future, we can expect the application of deep learning in face recognition, speech recognition and even medical field.

　　Baidu brain narrowly beats "world memory master"

　　On the evening of January 6th, 2017, super brain, the fourth season broadcast by Jiangsu Satellite TV, welcomed a special player-Baidu sent an artificial intelligence robot "Xiaodi" equipped with Baidu brain to challenge super brain’s Hall of Fame player. After two hours of competition, Xiaodi beat Wang Feng, the representative of human super brain, 3-2 by virtue of its deep accumulation in the fields of artificial intelligence and face recognition.

　　Behind the "smallness" of Baidu’s brain are trillions of parameters, hundreds of billions of samples and hundreds of billions of feature training, which can simulate the working mechanism of the human brain and learn and train extremely complicated models.

　　Earlier, Robin Li, chairman and CEO of Baidu, also said in the trailer of the fourth season of super brain that if super brain is the representative of human brain limit, then Baidu brain is the representative of high level of artificial intelligence. Regardless of winning or losing, it will make a breakthrough contribution to the technological development of artificial intelligence.

　　At the 3rd world internet conference, the most noticeable event was the release of the world’s leading scientific and technological achievements on the Internet, with 15 high-tech research achievements. Baidu Brain was the only comprehensive artificial intelligence technology selected in China. "Artificial intelligence is the next scene of the mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence will be the core of Baidu’s core. Specifically, artificial intelligence means Baidu’s brain to Baidu." Li Yanhong said.

　　At present, Baidu has published more than 1,500 invention patents in artificial intelligence-related fields such as speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, unmanned driving, machine learning and deep learning, which have been widely used in unmanned vehicles, voice search and even O2O.

Editor’s Note: Food is the material basis for human survival, and it supplies all kinds of nutrients necessary for human body. The quantity and quality of nutrients contained in different foods are different. Therefore, whether the food composition in the diet is reasonable, that is, whether the quantity and quality of nutrients provided are appropriate and whether the proportion is appropriate, is very important for maintaining the physiological function, growth and development, promoting health and preventing diseases.

The third week of May is "National Nutrition Week". In order to further popularize the concept that "nutrition is a good doctor", we specially invited nutrition experts to deeply interpret the theme of this nutrition week, "Milk beans add nutrition, less oil is healthier", and promote nutrition and health knowledge to enter thousands of households. This year, the theme of Nutrition Week "Milk beans add nutrition, less oil is healthier" aims to guide the public to pay attention to the nutritional value of milk and beans, and emphasize the importance of reducing oil intake for health.

There are many kinds of nutrients from food, and about 40 kinds are needed by human body. According to their chemical properties and physiological functions, they are divided into five categories, namely, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Nutritional intake is necessary to maintain the normal function of the immune system and plays a key role in improving immunity. Immunity is an important mechanism for the body to fight pathogens and maintain health. Nutrition affects the development and function of the immune system, and nutrition has a vital impact on the development and function of the immune system. Various nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, protein and fat, are involved in the formation and activity regulation of immune cells, which is very important for the normal operation of immune response. Immune cells are the core components of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, macrophages and natural killer cells. These immune cells need proper nutritional support to maintain their normal functions. For example, protein is the basic component of immune cells, while vitamins and minerals play an important role in regulating the activity of immune cells and resisting pathogens. Nutrition can also produce antioxidants in the body. Antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and β -carotene are helpful to reduce the production of free radicals and protect immune cells from oxidative damage. Adequate intake of foods rich in antioxidants is helpful to maintain the healthy state of immune cells and improve immunity.

Adequate nutrition intake is very important for maintaining the normal function of immune system and improving immunity. By ingesting foods rich in vitamins and protein, diversifying food choices, controlling the intake of sugar and salt, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, we can provide adequate nutritional support, enhance immunity and keep healthy. It is important that these measures should become part of our daily life, not just short-term behavior. By adhering to healthy eating habits and lifestyles for a long time, we can improve our immunity, reduce the risk of diseases and enjoy a healthier life.

Adding nutrition to milk beans: the perfect combination of high-quality protein and comprehensive nutrition

As an important source of high-quality protein, the nutritional value of dairy food can not be ignored. Animal milk, such as milk, goat milk and camel milk, is rich in essential amino acids needed by human body and has high biological value. In addition, milk food is rich in minerals and vitamins such as calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, which plays an important role in promoting bone health and preventing osteoporosis. Lactose in milk can also promote the absorption of minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc. Adequate intake of milk and dairy products is beneficial to human health, especially to muscle and bone health. It is recommended to consume 300-500 ml of liquid milk or a considerable amount of dairy products every day. At present, the actual intake of most residents in China is far below the recommended amount, and more intake is encouraged.

It can increase the intake of milk and dairy products in many ways, such as adding it in baking, stewing and other cooking processes, which is nutritious, healthy and delicious. When choosing milk and dairy products, look at the ingredient list and nutrition label first, and you can’t replace milk with milk-containing drinks. Lactose-intolerant people can choose lactose-free and low-lactose milk or fermented dairy products such as yogurt and cheese; Overweight, obese and hyperlipidemia people can choose skim milk or low-fat milk.

As an outstanding plant food, bean food also has rich nutritional value. Soybean, mung bean and red bean are rich in protein, dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. Soybean, in particular, has a protein content of over 40%, and its amino acid composition is close to human needs, so it is a high-quality plant protein source. In addition, dietary fiber in legumes plays an important role in promoting intestinal peristalsis and preventing constipation. Soybean products are usually divided into non-fermented bean products and fermented bean products. Non-fermented bean products include bean curd, soybean milk, dried bean curd, bean curd skin, yuba, etc., which are made by soaking, grinding, deslagging, boiling and molding. Fermented bean products, such as fermented bean curd, douchi, bean paste and soybean sauce, are usually fermented by microorganisms, thus having a unique flavor. Soybean is rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, calcium, potassium and vitamin E, which is suitable for all people. It is suggested that adults consume an average of 15-25 grams of soybeans or equivalent amounts of soybean products every day. Soybean and its products are an important food source for vegetarians in protein, and they should be taken in sufficient amount every day. The average daily intake of vegetarian people should be 50-80 grams, and that of egg white people should be 25-60 grams.

The nutritional advantages of the combination of milk and beans are very prominent. High-quality protein, minerals and vitamins provided by dairy foods complement each other with dietary fiber, plant protein and other nutrients in bean foods, forming a comprehensive and balanced nutritional system. This kind of nutrition collocation is helpful to meet the human body’s demand for various nutrients and promote health.

Less oil is healthier: scientific diet helps healthy lifestyle

Too much oil intake is harmful. Oil is one of the important nutrients needed by human body, but excessive intake will have adverse effects on health. Excessive oil intake will lead to excess energy and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. In addition, the oxidative decomposition of oil in the body will produce harmful substances such as free radicals, which will cause damage to cells and accelerate the aging process. There are four ways to reduce and control oil in the kitchen. First, use less animal fat, and vegetable oil is recommended for cooking. The nutritional composition of different cooking oils is different, so change the varieties appropriately when purchasing cooking oils. The second is to use an oil control pot to reduce cooking oil. You can use a graduated oil control pot for home cooking, and use oil quantitatively and control the total amount. It is suggested that adults should consume 25-30 grams of cooking oil every day. The third is healthy cooking to cultivate a light taste. When cooking, try to use less oil methods such as steaming, boiling, stewing, stewing and cold salad to avoid high-oil cooking methods such as frying and frying. This can not only reduce the oil intake, but also keep the original flavor of food, which is more conducive to health. The fourth is to control the temperature and oil temperature. When cooking, we should pay attention to control the temperature and oil temperature, so as to avoid the oxidation of fatty acids in food caused by too high oil temperature and generate compounds harmful to human body. At the same time, too high oil temperature can easily cause food to burn and produce harmful substances.

In order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, we should control oil intake scientifically and reasonably. First of all, we should reduce the intake of saturated fat and trans fat, such as animal fat and fried food; Secondly, it is necessary to increase the intake of foods rich in unsaturated fat, such as olive oil, nuts, fish, etc.; Finally, we should pay attention to the cooking methods of food, and try to choose low-oil cooking methods such as steaming, boiling and stewing to reduce the use of oil.

In addition, we can reduce the fat content of the whole diet by increasing the intake of low-calorie and high-nutrient foods such as vegetables, fruits and whole grains. These foods are rich in nutrients such as dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, which help to promote intestinal health, improve immunity and prevent chronic diseases.(Liu Lingying, Zhao Shuanglin)

　　Cctv newsAt 10: 00 am on May 18th, the State Council Press Office held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Opening by Authorities", introducing the situation of "Implementing the Party’s 20 Major Decisions and Deploying Efforts to Promote the High-quality Development of Medical Insurance" and answering reporters’ questions.

　　Hu Jinglin, director of the National Health Insurance Bureau, introduced that in 2018, the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core made a strategic decision to set up the National Health Insurance Bureau. Since its establishment, the national medical insurance system has closely revolved around the great political mission of "relieving all people’s worries about diseases and medical care" entrusted by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and has always adhered to the people-centered principle, overcome difficulties and pushed forward the reform of the system and mechanism, and promoted the historic leap of China’s medical insurance cause, which has played an important role in alleviating the difficulties and expensive medical treatment for the masses, supporting the development of medical and health undertakings, maintaining social harmony and stability, and promoting the realization of common prosperity.

　　In the past five years, we have adhered to the principle of stability and improved the world’s largest basic medical security network. From 2018 to 2022, the national population participation rate will be stable at about 95%, and the reimbursement rate of hospitalization expenses within the scope of employee medical insurance and urban and rural residents’ medical insurance policies will reach about 80% and 70% respectively. The participation rate of rural low-income population and poverty-stricken population has stabilized at over 99%, and medical insurance has helped nearly 10 million poor residents successfully get rid of poverty. The total annual income of the basic medical insurance fund (including maternity insurance) increased from 2.14 trillion yuan to 3.09 trillion yuan, and the total annual expenditure increased from 1.78 trillion yuan to 2.46 trillion yuan. The fund operated smoothly and had a balance. The annual per capita subsidy standard for residents’ insurance payment is increased from 490 yuan to 610 yuan. In 2022 alone, the total financial subsidies will reach 600 billion yuan.

　　In the past five years, we have adhered to the principle of benefiting the people and made efforts to reduce the burden of medical treatment for the masses. Accelerate the pace of medical insurance negotiations, and promote a large number of exclusive varieties of anticancer drugs and drugs for rare diseases, such as Karelizumab and Nocicina, to be included in medical insurance at appropriate prices. In addition, after reimbursement, the cumulative burden of patients has exceeded 500 billion yuan, helping tens of millions of seriously ill patients and their families rekindle their hopes of life. Promote centralized procurement, and the average price reduction of 333 drugs organized by the state is over 50%, and the average price reduction of 8 high-value medical consumables such as heart stents and artificial joints is over 80%; Together with local alliance procurement, the cumulative burden reduction is about 500 billion yuan. We will reform the way to protect residents from chronic diseases, and include outpatient drugs for hypertension and diabetes in the scope of residents’ medical insurance, benefiting 140 million residents with chronic diseases. Continue to open up the bottleneck of medical treatment in different places, and the scale of direct settlement of medical treatment in different provinces has increased from 1.318 million in 2018 to 38.1235 million in 2022, an increase of 28 times. In view of the epidemic situation in COVID-19, we will resolutely implement the "two guarantees" policy, and guarantee the vaccine and vaccination expenses in COVID-19, so as to contribute to the medical insurance for a major and decisive victory in epidemic prevention and control. Continuously expand the pilot scope of long-term care insurance, which has covered 169 million people in 49 cities and benefited 1.95 million disabled people, making their lives more quality and dignified.

　　In the past five years, we have been driven by innovation and promoted the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry. Encourage industry R&D and innovation, and establish a medical insurance access and negotiation renewal mechanism with new drugs as the main body. The waiting time for listing new drugs into the medical insurance catalogue has been shortened from the past average of nearly five years to less than two years, and some new drugs have been included in the medical insurance catalogue only half a year after listing. The expenditure of medical insurance on new drugs increased from 5.949 billion yuan in 2019 to 48.189 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 7.1 times. Expand the sales channels of negotiation drugs, and through the "dual-channel" management mechanism, some medical insurance negotiation drugs that were originally supplied mainly in large hospitals can now be sold in 155,000 designated medical insurance pharmacies nationwide and included in medical insurance reimbursement. Purify the ecology of the pharmaceutical industry, institutionalize and normalize the centralized procurement with quantity, continue to squeeze the inflated price of pharmaceutical consumables, and "take the bottom out" to reduce the space of "selling with gold". The innovation power of pharmaceutical companies is getting stronger and stronger. Among the top 10 pharmaceutical companies with A-share market value, the total R&D investment in 2022 is 2.48 times that in 2018.

　　In the past five years, we have adhered to system integration to help the coordinated development and governance of the "three doctors". Support the improvement of the compensation mechanism for medical staff, and clarify that the surplus funds formed by public medical institutions in the reform of centralized procurement and medical insurance payment methods can be used as a whole for personnel salary expenses. Reform the fund disbursement mechanism, establish a turnover system of medical insurance funds in most overall planning areas, and prepay medical insurance funds to medical institutions at the beginning of each year, thus reducing the pressure on hospitals to advance funds. We will comprehensively establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the price of medical services. While substantially reducing the price of pharmaceutical consumables, we will appropriately adjust the prices of hospital services such as surgery and traditional Chinese medicine, which reflect the value and ability of technical services, and support the high-quality development of public hospitals. Actively support the development of primary medical institutions, and guide patients to buy medicines and enjoy health management services at the primary level by increasing the proportion of reimbursement for primary medical treatment and reducing the deductible line for primary medical treatment. Forging a strong and temperature-sensitive medical insurance fund supervision sword, handling 1.543 million illegal medical institutions, recovering 77.13 billion yuan of medical insurance funds and exposing 245,000 typical cases; Medical institutions that take the initiative in self-examination and self-correction shall be lenient in accordance with the law and vigorously promote the norms of diagnosis and treatment.

　　Generally speaking, in the past five years, through the coordinated development and governance of medical insurance, medical care and medicine, a win-win situation of "people enjoy benefits, funds ensure safety, hospitals develop and enterprises grow" is taking shape.

What I bring to you today is a-. As for the outstanding performance of the car, please read it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Audi SQ7 first. The front of the Audi SQ7 looks very fashionable and sporty. Coupled with sharp headlights, the design took the sports route. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, rain and fog mode and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 5066MM*1970MM*1701MM, and the car adopts clean lines, which gives people a very simple and generous feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the rear part, the rear looks atmospheric, the taillights are very comfortable, and with the unique exhaust pipe, the sense of neatness is vivid.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Audi SQ7 presents a tough design style, which meets the aesthetic standards of young people. The steering wheel of this car is very fashionable and made of genuine leather, which gives people a bright feeling. From the central control point of view, the car is decorated with a domineering touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and very consistent with the temperament of the car. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of the car presents a cool design style and the shape takes the sports route. The car uses leather seats, the seats are wrapped in place, the materials are exquisite and the ride is comfortable.

Audi SQ7 is matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 373KW and a maximum torque of 770N.m, with good power performance.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, which fully ensures the convenience and comfort of the car experience.

Summary of the full text: such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the price is good.

At 9: 31 today (October 29th), TV director Ha Wen posted on his Sina Weibo: "In the United States, after 17 months of anti-cancer treatment, at 5: 20 am on October 25th, 2018, I lost my love forever …" After that, the news of her husband Li Yong’s death began to attract the attention of the whole network. In just a few hours, on Sina Weibo, # Li Yong died # and # Li Yong died. Although there is no official news about the cancer of the famous host, the topic "What Cancer in Li Yong" has been read by 220 million people. Some netizens broke the news on the Weibo that Li Yong had laryngeal cancer and was treated in the world’s top cancer treatment center clinic. Whether this news is true or not, next, I want to count the seven deadly cancers with you. ……

1. Lung cancer: killing the host Zhang Peizhi.

According to the Morning News, at 0: 33 a.m. on May 29, 2011, Zhang Pei, a famous Shanghai radio host, died of lung cancer. Zhang Pei, formerly known as Cha Beili, was born on March 6, 1956. She is a senior program host, chief announcer and vice president of the National Association of Hosts of Shanghai Oriental Radio Station. It is reported that Zhang Pei was diagnosed with lung cancer six months ago because of bone pain.

It is reported that the incidence of lung cancer has increased significantly in many countries in the past 50 years, and lung cancer has ranked first among male cancer patients. A large number of data show that long-term heavy smoking of cigarettes is an important pathogenic factor of lung cancer.

2. Rectal cancer: killing the host Xiao Xiaolin.

According to Guangzhou Daily Dayang.com, on the evening of July 12, 2017, Xiao Xiaolin, the host and producer of CCTV, died of rectal cancer recently while being treated in the United States. She once hosted columns such as Half the Sky, Focus Interview and legal report.

According to the tumor registration report in Shanghai, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased from 12/100,000 in the early 1970s to 56/100,000 at present, with an annual growth rate of about 4.2%, far exceeding the international level of 2%, ranking second among all kinds of malignant tumors, only next to lung cancer.

3. Liver cancer: take away the life of the host Su Bin!

According to Huaxi Dushi Bao, on June 22nd, 2015, Su Bin, a well-known sports presenter of Chengdu TV Station, died at the age of 55 because of the late treatment of liver cancer. He has hosted such programs as Sports Expo, High-level Sports, Wonderful Sports Highlights and Sports Time and Space.

According to some data, liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, with a high mortality rate, which is second only to stomach and esophagus, and second only to gastric cancer in some rural areas. About 110,000 people die of liver cancer every year in China, accounting for 45% of the world’s liver cancer deaths.

4. Gastric cancer: Take away the life of the host Fang Jing!

Fang Jing, a former hostess of CCTV, died in Taiwan Province on November 18th, 2015, Beijing Youth Daily reported. Liu Chun, a former colleague of Fang Jing, released Weibo’s statement that Fang Jing died of gastric cancer and liver cancer. According to the news, Fang Jing was born in 1971, and has served as the host of Oriental Time and Space, Focus Interview and other columns.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China, and its incidence ranks first among all kinds of tumors. Every year, about 170,000 people die of gastric cancer, almost a quarter of all malignant tumor deaths, and more than 20,000 new gastric cancer patients are born every year.

5. Breast cancer: take away the life of the host Wang Huan!

According to Chengde Evening News, at 18: 58 on July 3rd, 2013, Huan Wang, the 43-year-old director and host of CCTV movie channel "Program Preview" and host of "Next Week Movie", died of breast cancer recurrence at the age of 42.

According to statistics, the incidence of breast cancer accounts for 7-10% of all kinds of malignant tumors in the whole body, and only about 1-2% of breast patients are men. Malignant tumor that usually occurs in glandular epithelial tissue of breast. Breast cancer is also possible in men, but it is very rare.

6. Lymphoma: Kill the host Luo Jing!

According to People’s Daily, Luo Jing, the host of CCTV News Network, was diagnosed with lymphoma in July 2008. Lymphoma spread and died at 6: 40 am on June 5, 2009 at the age of 48.

According to the data, lymphoma is a malignant tumor originating from the lymphohematopoietic system, mainly characterized by painless lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and all tissues and organs of the whole body can be involved, accompanied by fever, night sweats, emaciation, itching and other systemic symptoms.

7. Laryngeal cancer: Take away the life of the host Li Yong?

According to Phoenix.com, on December 24th, 2015, Zou Shaoguan, an artist who had performed such works as Young and Dangerous 6, I Want to Depend on You, Chasing the Wind and Growing Up, died of throat cancer in Taipei. According to Taiwan Province media, artist Zou Shaoguan is the only son of actresses Tai-Feng Hsia and Zou Sen. Shortly after the news of his death, people in Wang Zhonglei, wei li, Lan Yan and other circles sent letters of mourning.

China Broadcasting Hosting Network posted on its certified official Weibo that Li Yong also had laryngeal cancer and went to the Mayo Clinic, the world’s top cancer treatment center, but it still didn’t come back!

The author learned from professionals that laryngeal leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion of laryngeal cancer, which is a poor keratinization of vocal cord mucosa epithelium and a white plaque appearing on the mucosa. It is a pathological change caused by upper respiratory tract infection, smoking, harmful gas stimulation and excessive use of sound, which is closely related to the formation of laryngeal cancer and must be actively prevented and treated. There are also laryngeal keratosis, chronic hypertrophic laryngitis, papilloma, etc., which should be closely observed and actively prevented. Actors, hosts, teachers, speakers and other people who use their throats more should pay more attention to whether there are lesions in their throats.

Text finishing | There are often talents

Urban public space has played an irreplaceable multi-function in urban life since its birth, and it is an important place to prosper urban life, highlight urban connotation and reshape urban integrity. At present, China’s urban development has entered an important period from "with or without" to "with or without". Urban public space is one of the most valuable resources to be developed in the city. Revitalizing the existing public space as a carrier to create a green, livable, convenient, inclusive and shared urban life community is not only closely related to the construction and governance of urban space, but also closely related to people’s happy life.

Taking urban renewal as the guide to realize quality improvement and efficiency improvement of public space

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s urban development has entered an important period of urban renewal. An important feature of urban renewal is to change the development mode of large-scale urban construction in the past, and turn to pay equal attention to stock upgrading and incremental structural adjustment. In the process of urban renewal, it is particularly important to respect the law of urban development and develop the value of urban public space resources. From the perspective of local practice, there are mainly three ways.

● Activate old factories or transform old blocks.

By activating old factories or transforming old blocks, the functional quality and humanistic connotation will be promoted and rejuvenated.

At present, it has become a major trend to turn old workshops into art spaces, transform abandoned industrial parks into theme parks, and update old houses and streets into cultural blocks in the center of the city.

For example, in 2021, beijing municipal commission of development and reform approved three typical demonstration projects, namely, the demonstration base of hard science and technology industry in the city sub-center, the permanent meeting place of Beijing International Design Week in Zhangjiawan design town, and the sci-fi industrial cluster in Shougang, which supported the development of high-tech industries. At the same time, it also started important life service street renovation projects, such as Baitasi block, and reconstructed the streetscape of the old city through hardware infrastructure renovation and business upgrading.

● Strengthen green ecological restoration and return to landscape cities.

By transforming the space around the lake and the river, we can return the river to the people, the lake to the people, the shore to the people, and the scenery to the people.

For example, the public spaces on both sides of the Huangpu River in Shanghai have been upgraded and improved, and efforts have been made to create charming waterfront spaces that can be walked, read and have temperature; The plan of "Two Rivers and Four Shores" in Wuhan proposes to connect the coastline, integrate the dock facilities and leave more coastal space for the citizens. The public space upgrading project on the left bank of Yongding River in Beijing uses the waterfront space resources of Yongding River, integrates water conservancy culture, Shougang industrial culture, Fengsha railway culture, Olympic culture, etc., builds an open exhibition corridor, and creates a new bright spot in the Yongding River cultural belt in Xishan.

● Open the unit courtyard and build a complete green public space system.

Through "seamless connection" between courtyard greening and urban greening, we will further fill the shortcomings of infrastructure, create an open block, and realize returning green to the people and sharing facilities.

Since 2015, Changsha, Suqian, Zhengzhou, Quzhou, Taizhou and other places have successively launched the action of opening the unit courtyard. Through high-level overall planning and systematic planning, the greening roads and facilities in the unit courtyard have been made public, and a public park green space system with activity space and service function has been created.

The above three ways are to fully develop and utilize the functions of urban public space through upgrading and transformation, to promote the realization of green, livable, open, inclusive and shared high-quality living environment, to give residents more space for fitness, leisure and public communication, and to make people’s life in the city more convenient, comfortable and better. This is the basic essence of urban renewal, and it is also the inevitable follow for the high-quality development of urban human settlements.

Building a public space governance system with urban governance as the starting point

In essence, urban renewal is no longer a simple process of urban construction, but a process of urban governance, which involves the whole cycle of urban planning, construction, management, operation and service. At present, China has entered a new stage of high-quality development, and it has also reached an important juncture in the transformation from urban management to urban governance. From the perspective of local practice, it is mainly reflected in three aspects.

● Give full play to the main role of the government in the renovation and governance of urban public space.

On the one hand, strengthen the important role of the government in top-level design, and ensure that all policies and plans can be fully and effectively implemented through the government’s coercive power, overall planning and organizational support; On the other hand, we should give play to the important functions of government system integration, supervision and assessment, and ensure the overall and systematic progress of all work.

For example, some cities regard the urban public space governance project as a popular project of the government, which is included in the key content of doing practical things for the masses, and incorporated into the relevant assessment scope of civilized city construction, garden city construction and urban comprehensive management evaluation to be restrained and standardized to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.

● Build a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation.

The renovation and governance of urban public space needs to pay more attention to the relationship between governance subjects. By building a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation, the division of responsibilities of multiple subjects is refined, and corresponding standards and incentives are introduced to realize the marketization and socialization path of urban public space management, service and operation.

Taking the "property city" in Hengqin New District of Zhuhai as an example, the government has outsourced the whole urban public services through the "property city", and the general operator of urban public services has built a platform through the Urban Governance Committee, which has become an important bridge connecting the government, the market and the society. At the same time, it has also provided the whole process management, service and operation for urban public space, public resources and public projects, built a professional platform for urban governance, and built a clear responsibility, partnership and symbiosis.

● Explore a standardized, normalized, scientific and intelligent governance mechanism for urban public space renewal.

The difference between governance and management reflects system governance, legal governance, source governance and comprehensive policy. In the process of exploring urban public space governance, all localities also improve the efficiency of urban system linkage and overall operation by reshaping urban governance structure, optimizing urban governance process and promoting urban governance technology innovation.

For example, Beijing’s transition from "whistling in the streets and towns, reporting to departments" to "handling complaints immediately" and the current active governance is not only a process of changing governance concepts and diversifying governance subjects, but also reflects the upgrading of governance methods and means, focusing on scientific, intelligent and refined efforts.

At present, the construction of new urban infrastructure promoted by various places aims to build an important tool and platform for urban governance through the application of digital, intelligent and networked technologies, and also provide important technical support for ensuring the safe and orderly operation of public spaces and accurate and efficient services.

From the above three aspects, changes in governance concepts, governance systems and governance methods can reshape the environmental order of urban public spaces, make the renovation and governance of urban public spaces more in line with the laws of urban development and people’s needs for a better life, and truly reflect the systematic thinking of urban governance and the value concept of organic life.

Promoting the Co-construction and Sharing of Public Space Based on Co-creation

Urban public space is an important carrier of the close relationship between man and nature, the main place for residents to carry out social communication, and also an important place to build a beautiful environment and a happy life in the city.

Driven by the current concept of urban development, the co-creation of a beautiful environment and a happy life has become an important model and an important follow-up to promote residents’ participation in building a beautiful living environment, which can further promote the co-construction and sharing of urban public spaces. From the perspective of local practice, it can be summarized into three forms.

● Participate in the design and construction of public space.

Community is a place where residents live for a long time, and the affairs of the community are closely related to the residents. The renewal and transformation of communities should guide residents to take the initiative to participate.

For example, many "Participatory Design Workshops" were held in Beijing Changying Small Green Space Renewal Project, and residents were invited to participate in the garden design. Under the guidance of designers, residents expressed their demand for space and suggestions and opinions on the preliminary scheme through group discussion. After the scheme integration, the functional design of "Rose Fairy Tale Garden" was finally determined, and many residents participated in it from the start of the garden to the construction, through painting bottles, paving turf, building flower ponds and building together.

● Build the environmental order of public space together.

On the one hand, in the process of community renewal and transformation, the way of mobilizing residents to contribute money, materials, efforts and methods can change residents’ attitude towards maintaining public environment and order to a certain extent, and promote residents to cherish the fruits of hard work and continuously maintain a beautiful community environment; On the other hand, under the background of community governance led by Party building, we should give full play to the political mobilization and organizational co-ordination of grass-roots party organizations, and jointly promote the maintenance of environmental order in the neighborhood by building a party building alliance of all units in the street. At the same time, community party member double registration, community volunteer activities and social organization participation have also played an important role in guiding garbage sorting and promoting the creation of green communities.

Remodeling the public spirit of urban public space

The essence of urban public space is not the architectural form or landscape style it shows, but the rich and even different urban life it contains. It is this rich and diverse life style that inspires the vitality of public space and reshapes the social structure of public space.

For example, in the scene of community co-governance, Chengdu strengthens residents’ awareness of participation, promotes communication and builds an "acquaintance community" by taking interest activation as the guide and various community activities as the carrier. On this basis, it inspires residents to pay attention to and participate in public affairs independently, and gradually realizes the transformation from "acquaintance community" to "well-ordered community".

The above three forms are all based on urban public space, and more residents are encouraged to participate in the co-construction, co-governance and sharing of public space through organizational participation, party building guidance and scene creation, so as to reshape public spirit and social order.

The author is the National Mayor Training College (Cadre College of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)

Top 10 World Powers in China’s Public Eyes (Unit:%)

　　On the morning of June 30th, the National Institute of Communication Strategy of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and the People’s Think Tank of People’s Daily published the results of "A Survey on the World Concept of the Chinese and American Public (2017-2018)". The survey was conducted from October 2018 to November 2018, and was conducted by professional survey companies in the form of online questionnaires. The respondents were adult citizens of China and the United States, and 2,500 and 2,562 questionnaires were successfully collected respectively.

　　The National Institute of Communication Strategy of Huazhong University of Science and Technology was established in June, 2013. Since 2014, it has launched the Survey on the World Concept of Chinese and American Public, and since 2016, it has published the National Image Communication Report of China every year. Dean Zhang Kun introduced that the survey asked the Chinese and American public about the diplomacy, geopolitics and global power pattern of today’s great powers from six dimensions: the view of great powers, the view of the United States (China) and the view of national identity, and generally described the "world concept" or "world imagination" of the Chinese and American public. Based on the survey data of the two countries, the research group found some noteworthy phenomena.

　　Each regards the other country as a global power.

　　China’s top ten world powers are the United States, China, Russia, Germany, Japan, Britain, France, Canada, Australia and Israel. The top ten world powers in the eyes of the American public are the United States, China, Russia, Japan, Britain, Germany, Canada, North Korea, South Korea and France.

　　The data shows that Chinese and American respondents regard each other’s country as a global power. However, the respondents in China think that China is slightly higher than the United States in the status of a political power, but slightly inferior to the United States in economic, military, scientific and technological aspects; American respondents believe that the United States is ahead of China in politics, economy, military affairs and science and technology. In the expectation of the future, the self-confidence and optimism of China respondents far exceed that of the United States. 57.7% of China respondents are confident that the overall level of social development in China will surpass that in the United States; American respondents generally affirmed the strong development momentum of China, among which 45.5%, 40.8% and 30.7% thought that China had surpassed or would surpass the United States in science and technology, economy and military affairs respectively.

　　The American public still does not know enough about China.

　　The data shows that there is an obvious gap between Chinese and American public’s understanding of each other’s countries. The American public’s willingness to know information about China is relatively low, while the China public’s understanding of the United States is higher. Less than 40% (36.4%) of the American public said that they knew China very well or well, while nearly 10% (9.8%) of the respondents knew almost nothing about China.

　　"Sino-US trade friction" is harmful to both sides.

　　Generally speaking, the respondents showed a significant negative attitude towards the "Sino-US trade war". 43.5% of the respondents believe that the economic and trade friction between China and the United States will bring negative effects on global economic growth. About 40% of the American public believe that "Sino-US trade friction" is harmful to the social development of both the United States and China.

　　China respondents are more proud than the United States.

　　The data shows that there is a big gap between China and the United States in terms of social trust and national pride. American respondents are more likely to feel distrust of the people they contact in society. The national identity of China respondents is quite remarkable, with the average score of national pride as high as 4.25, while that of American respondents is 3.87.

　　The American public’s praise for China is especially reflected in the fields of economy and science and technology. Nearly a quarter of the respondents believe that China’s scientific and technological level will be better than that of the United States, and 21.4% of the respondents even believe that China’s scientific and technological strength has already overwhelmed the United States. More than one-fifth of the respondents believe that China’s economic development will surpass that of the United States in the future. Similarly, nearly one-fifth of the respondents believe that China’s overall social development and military level will also surpass the United States.

　　The American public’s evaluation of Trump is quite different

　　The data shows that the scores of Trump by the public of different races are quite different: the highest score is given by white/Caucasian respondents, and the lowest score is given by black/African-American groups. This is the same as Trump’s campaign.

　　There are obvious differences in Trump scores among different income groups. The higher the income, the greater the goodwill: the high-income group gave it a high score of 7.57, while the low-income group only gave it a score of 4.02. This result is different from the support groups during the campaign. According to the analysis of the report, the trade protectionism vigorously advocated by President Trump during his term of office won the general favor of high-income groups.

　　Trump’s rating of the American public with different education levels showed a trend of high at both ends and low at the middle. Trump’s scores of junior high school and below and graduate students and above are almost the same, with 6.54 points and 6.53 points respectively. According to the analysis of the report, Trump gained some goodwill within the elite group, breaking the situation that only people with low academic qualifications supported during the campaign.

　　Reporter Zhu Jianhua Yang Jiafeng

November 18, 2016 Caiku [2016] No.198

Relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council ministries and commissions, directly affiliated institutions, General Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), General Office of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, High Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, relevant people’s organizations, finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, procurement centers of directly under the authority in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, government procurement centers of central state organs, procurement centers of organs of the National People’s Congress, centralized procurement centers of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, materials and equipment procurement centers of the General Administration of Customs, centralized procurement centers of the People’s Bank of China and police equipment procurement centers of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　The measures for the administration of government procurement evaluation experts formulated by the Ministry of Finance are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them.

　　Annex: Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Evaluation Experts

　　CC: Offices of the Financial Ombudsman of the Ministry of Finance in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning.

Attachment:

Measures for the administration of government procurement review experts

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of government procurement evaluation activities and standardize the evaluation behavior of government procurement evaluation experts (hereinafter referred to as evaluation experts), these Measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law Implementation Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law Implementation Regulations) and other laws, regulations and relevant provisions.

　　Article 2 The term "evaluation experts" as mentioned in these Measures refers to those who are selected by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, participate in the evaluation of government procurement in an independent capacity, and are included in the management of the evaluation expert database. These Measures shall apply to the selection, dismissal, extraction, use, supervision and management of evaluation experts.

　　Article 3 The evaluation experts shall follow the management principles of unified standards, separation of management and random selection.

　　Article 4 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for formulating the national unified professional classification standards for evaluation experts and the standards for the construction of evaluation expert database, and building and managing the national evaluation expert database.

　　The financial department of the provincial people’s government is responsible for the construction of the local evaluation expert database and the implementation of dynamic management, and the interconnection and resource sharing with the national evaluation expert database.

　　The financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall perform their duties of supervision and management of the evaluation experts according to law.

　　Chapter II Selection and Dismissal of Appraisal Experts

　　Article 5 The financial departments of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall select and appoint evaluation experts through public solicitation, unit recommendation and self-recommendation.

　　Article 6 Evaluation experts shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Having good professional ethics, being honest and self-disciplined, abiding by discipline and law, and having no bad credit records such as bribery, bribery and fraud;

　　(two) with intermediate professional titles or equivalent professional level and engaged in related fields for 8 years, or with senior professional titles or equivalent professional level;

　　(three) familiar with government procurement related policies and regulations;

　　(four) China citizens who promise to participate in the evaluation work in an independent capacity, perform the duties of evaluation experts according to law and bear corresponding legal responsibilities;

　　(five) under the age of 70, healthy, able to undertake the review work;

　　(six) within three years before applying to become an expert, there is no record of bad behavior as stipulated in Article 29 of these Measures.

　　The conditions listed in items (2) and (5) of the preceding paragraph may be appropriately relaxed for the majors with a small number of experts.

　　Article 7 A person who meets the requirements as stipulated in Article 6 of these Measures and voluntarily applies to become an evaluation expert (hereinafter referred to as the applicant) shall provide the following application materials:

　　(1) Resume, application and letter of commitment signed by me;

　　(2) Academic degree certificate, professional title certificate or certification materials with equivalent professional level;

　　(3) A valid certificate to prove my identity;

　　(four) I think it is necessary to apply for withdrawal of information;

　　(five) other materials as prescribed by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

　　Article 8 An applicant shall apply for accreditation according to his major or specialty.

　　Article 9 The financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall review the application materials submitted by the applicant, the declared evaluation major and credit information, and select qualified experts to be included in the evaluation expert database management.

　　Article 10 If the work unit, contact information, professional titles and information to be avoided of the evaluation experts change, it shall timely apply to the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for changing the relevant information.

　　Eleventh experts in any of the following circumstances, the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall be dismissed:

　　(a) does not meet the conditions stipulated in article sixth of these measures;

　　(two) I apply to no longer serve as an expert;

　　(3) There is a record of bad behavior as stipulated in Article 29 of these Measures;

　　(4) Being subject to criminal punishment.

　　Chapter III Selection and Use of Appraisal Experts

　　Article 12 A purchaser or procurement agency shall randomly select evaluation experts from the evaluation expert database established by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

　　If the number of relevant experts in the evaluation expert database cannot be guaranteed to be randomly selected, the purchaser or procurement agency can recommend qualified personnel, and then randomly select them after being audited and hired.

　　Thirteenth procurement projects with complex technology and strong professionalism, it is difficult to determine the appropriate evaluation experts through random methods, and with the consent of the competent budget unit, the purchaser can choose the evaluation experts in the corresponding professional fields by himself.

　　Those who choose their own evaluation experts shall give priority to the evaluation experts outside their own units.

　　Fourteenth in addition to competitive negotiation, competitive consultation procurement, as well as off-site evaluation of the project, the purchaser or procurement agency to select experts to review the start time in principle shall not be earlier than 2 working days before the start of the evaluation activities.

　　Article 15 The purchaser or procurement agency shall announce the review discipline before the review activities begin, and file the written documents recording the review discipline as the procurement documents.

　　Sixteenth evaluation experts and suppliers to participate in procurement activities have one of the following interests, should be avoided:

　　(1) Having had labor relations with suppliers within three years before participating in procurement activities, or having served as a director or supervisor of suppliers, or being a controlling shareholder or actual controller of suppliers;

　　(2) Having husband and wife, lineal blood relatives, collateral blood relatives within three generations or close in-laws with the legal representative or person in charge of the supplier;

　　(three) there are other relationships with suppliers that may affect the fairness and impartiality of government procurement activities.

　　If the evaluation experts find that they are interested in the suppliers participating in procurement activities, they should take the initiative to withdraw. If the purchaser or procurement agency finds that the evaluation experts have an interest in suppliers participating in procurement activities, they shall be required to withdraw.

　　Except as provided in Article 13 of these Measures, the evaluation experts can only participate in the evaluation activities as representatives of the purchaser for the government procurement projects of this unit.

　　The staff of government procurement supervision and management of financial departments at all levels shall not participate in the evaluation activities of government procurement projects as evaluation experts.

　　Article 17 If the number of experts on the review site does not meet the requirements due to the absence or avoidance of the review experts, the purchaser or procurement agency shall make up the review experts in time, or select and make up the review experts by itself with the consent of the competent budget unit of the purchaser. If it is impossible to make up the evaluation experts in time, the purchaser or procurement agency shall immediately stop the evaluation work, properly keep the procurement documents, and re-establish the bid evaluation committee, negotiation team, inquiry team and consultation team for evaluation according to law.

　　Article 18 Evaluation experts shall strictly abide by the discipline of evaluation work, and conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the procurement documents in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and prudence.

　　When the evaluation experts find that the contents of the procurement documents violate the relevant mandatory provisions of the state or the procurement documents are ambiguous or have major defects, which makes the evaluation work impossible, they shall stop the evaluation and explain the situation in writing to the purchaser or procurement agency.

　　The evaluation experts shall cooperate with the suppliers to answer their inquiries, questions and complaints, and shall not disclose the evaluation documents, evaluation situation and business secrets learned in the evaluation process.

　　If the evaluation experts find that the supplier has committed illegal acts such as bribery, providing false materials or collusion, they shall report to the financial department in time.

　　Experts who have been illegally interfered in the evaluation process shall report to the finance and supervision departments in a timely manner.

　　Nineteenth evaluation experts should sign the evaluation report and bear legal responsibility for their own evaluation opinions. If there are disputes on matters that need to be jointly identified, the conclusion shall be made according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority. If there is any objection to the review report, it shall sign different opinions on the review report and explain the reasons, otherwise it shall be regarded as agreeing to the review report.

　　Twentieth the list of evaluation experts shall be kept confidential before the announcement of the evaluation results. After the completion of the evaluation activities, the purchaser or procurement agency shall announce the list of evaluation experts together with the results of winning the bid and closing the transaction, and mark the evaluation experts selected by themselves.

　　The financial departments at all levels, the purchaser and the relevant staff of the procurement agency shall not disclose the personal information of the evaluation experts.

　　Twenty-first buyers or procurement agencies shall, within 5 working days after the end of the evaluation activities, record the performance of the duties of the evaluation experts in the government procurement credit evaluation system.

　　Evaluation experts can query the record of their duties in the government procurement credit evaluation system, and explain the relevant situation.

　　The financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may set the ladder extraction probability according to factors such as the performance of the evaluation experts.

　　Twenty-second evaluation experts shall, within 5 working days after the end of the evaluation activities, record the performance of the duties of the purchaser or the procurement agency in the government procurement credit evaluation system.

　　Twenty-third projects in the centralized procurement catalogue shall be paid by the centralized procurement institution for the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts; For projects outside the centralized procurement catalogue, the purchaser shall pay the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts.

　　Article 24 The financial department of the people’s government at the provincial level shall, according to the actual situation, formulate the remuneration standards for the evaluation experts in this region. The central budget unit shall pay the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts according to the standards of the place where the unit is located or where the evaluation activities are located.

　　Twenty-fifth evaluation experts to participate in the evaluation of different places, the round-trip inter-city transportation, accommodation and other actual expenses, according to the corresponding standards of travel management measures implemented by the purchaser to the purchaser or centralized procurement institutions credentials reimbursement.

　　Twenty-sixth evaluation experts leave the evaluation site without completing the evaluation work, or there are illegal acts in the evaluation activities, and shall not receive labor remuneration and reimbursement of travel expenses for evaluation in different places. Personnel other than the evaluation experts shall not receive remuneration for evaluation services.

　　Chapter IV Supervision and Management of Appraisal Experts

　　Twenty-seventh review experts not in accordance with the provisions of the procurement documents review procedures, methods and standards for independent review or disclosure of review documents, review, by the financial sector to give a warning, and impose a fine of 2000 yuan to 20 thousand yuan; Those who affect the bid-winning and transaction results will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　If there is an interest relationship between the evaluation experts and suppliers, they will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and they will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　If the evaluation experts accept bribes from purchasers, procurement agencies or suppliers or obtain other illegitimate interests, which constitutes a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and it shall be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　The evaluation experts have the above-mentioned illegal acts, and their evaluation opinions are invalid; Illegal income, confiscate the illegal income; If losses are caused to others, they shall bear civil liability according to law.

　　Twenty-eighth buyers, procurement agencies found that the evaluation experts have illegal acts, they should promptly report to the financial department of the purchaser.

　　Twenty-ninth applicants or evaluation experts in any of the following circumstances, included in the record of bad behavior:

　　(1) Failing to conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the procurement documents;

　　(two) disclosure of review documents, review;

　　(3) Having an interest relationship with the supplier and not avoiding it;

　　(4) Accepting bribes from purchasers, procurement agencies or suppliers or obtaining other illegitimate interests;

　　(5) Providing false application materials;

　　(6) Refusing to perform legal obligations such as cooperating with suppliers to answer inquiries, queries and complaints;

　　(seven) to engage in activities that undermine the credibility of government procurement as an expert.

　　Thirtieth buyers or procurement agencies that fail to select and use evaluation experts in accordance with the provisions of these Measures shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the Government Procurement Law and relevant laws and regulations.

　　Article 31 If any staff member of the financial department abuses his power, neglects his duty, engages in malpractices for personal gain and other violations of law and discipline in the evaluation of expert management, he shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, such as the Government Procurement Law, the Civil Service Law, the Administrative Supervision Law and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law. Those suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Thirty-second representatives of the purchaser participating in the evaluation activities and the management of evaluation experts selected by the purchaser according to law shall be implemented with reference to these measures.

　　Article 33 Where the State has other provisions on the selection and selection of evaluation experts, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Thirty-fourth financial departments of the provincial people’s governments may, in accordance with the provisions of these measures, formulate specific implementation measures.

　　Article 35 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　　Article 36 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2017. The Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Evaluation Experts issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Supervision on November 17, 2003 (Caiku [2003] No.119) shall be abolished at the same time.