The skull of the cave bear discovered by the researchers is much larger than that of the existing brown bear. Image source: Science Progress website

　　Most people may have heard of the extinction of mammoth mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, bighorn deer and other giant fauna in Eurasia during the thrilling extinction event of the Ice Age, but they are not necessarily familiar with cave bears with a body width of 1.7 meters, a body length of 3.5 meters and a weight of more than one ton.

　　Ursus spelaeus is a kind of bear that lived in the northern part of Eurasia in Pleistocene. It became extinct about 20,000 years ago. Because its fossils were mostly found in caves, it was named "Cave Bear". In many famous caves, almost all the bones of the cave bear have been found. It was also found in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China, and it was the two giant bears in the Pleistocene with the giant short-faced bear.

　　Whether the cave bear is a vegetarian or a carnivore, and what is the relationship between the "recipe" of this behemoth and its extinction, the scientific community has always had different opinions. In recent 40 years, through the research on the level of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears, some scientists think that they are herbivores because they like tender grass, grass roots and strawberries. Some scientists believe that they also hunted some animals, even humans at that time, which should be carnivores. Recently, a famous international journal, Scientific Progress, published a paper saying that scientists gave a biomechanical explanation to the eating habits of cave bears through computer simulation, and put forward a brand-new view that "chewing leads to the functional degradation of sinus and other systems, and then the skull becomes smaller, which may lead to the extinction of cave bears" through the relationship between chewing exercise and skull development.

　　Viewpoint 1: Plants wither and starve to death due to falling temperature.

　　Three years ago, Yukichi Naito of the University of Tubingen, Germany, found that the content of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears was low, with strong jaws and large flat teeth, and only dense vegetation grew around their residence. All this shows that cave bears are herbivores. This special diet is the reason why the cave bear became extinct more than 20,000 years ago.

　　At that time, the temperature dropped sharply, and the vegetation withered in a large area, which made the cave bear lose its food. Scholars believe that because the food of the cave bear is very single, it must eat a lot in order to meet the needs of the body. Compared with pandas who have to eat 40 kilograms of bamboo every day, cave bears eat more than that, and the nutrient conversion rate is very low. On the contrary, the brown bear is an omnivore with high nitrogen content in its bones. Its diet includes fruits, honey, fish and so on. Its rich diet structure makes it more adaptable to the environment, so it can be widely distributed. This view has also been widely recognized.

　　The second point of view is that the fight between caves and humans has been wiped out.

　　In the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe, the bones of cave bears discovered by scientists show that cave bears are not as gentle as people thought before. They have huge teeth and razor-sharp claws, are fierce carnivores and even eat people. By analyzing the data of cave bear bones found in the southwest corner of this mountain range in recent years, scientists show that most cave bears have a lot of nitrogen -15 content, which exceeds that of many herbivores. This shows that these cave bears are carnivorous individuals and are typical carnivores. They not only compete with humans for caves, but also prey on hyenas, gray wolves, cave lions and fish.

　　In December 2019, Science Report magazine published an evolutionary research report by European scientists, saying that the cave bear population began to decrease sharply about 40,000 years ago, which was earlier than the climate cooling period and coincided with the spread of modern humans in Europe. The cold climate and the subsequent reduction of plant-derived food may lead to the dispersion of cave bear population into different sub-populations, which live in small habitats with mild climate and rich plants. Various human behaviors, including hunting, may have interrupted the connection between these sub-populations, thus playing a decisive role in the extinction of cave bears.

　　This view has already appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008, and an international research group composed of scientists from the United States, Britain and Germany published their findings — — The cave bear is one of the strongest rivals of human ancestors. With wisdom, human ancestors destroyed the living environment of these fierce animals, drove them out of their caves and rushed to the mountains. There is evidence that some caves were occupied by ancient humans and cave bears alternately. From this, it is speculated that humans killed or drove away those depressed bears during the hibernation of cave bears; When spring comes, the cave bears who are awake from hibernation and hungry in their bellies will attack humans and recapture the caves. In this cycle of fighting, humans with slightly stronger intelligence finally seized the caves and wiped them out.

　　The latest view is that chewing ability becomes weak, so you can’t eat meat and "sleep for a long time"

　　French and Belgian researchers found that the cave bear is an omnivore by analyzing its teeth. Compared with herbivores, carnivores will accumulate more nitrogen in the body during eating. In addition, black bears and brown bears are omnivores, which shows that although cave bears may mainly eat grass in most cases, sometimes they will taste the meat.

　　Axel Barlow of Potsdam University in Germany and others have analyzed the genome sequences of four cave bears that lived between 71,000 and 34,000 years ago, compared them with those of other animals, and analyzed the scratches and spots on their tooth glazes to judge their food composition. The researchers introduced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they found that cave bears were not vegetarian. Before entering hibernation, cave bears had a variety of foods, including poultry and mammals, invertebrates, seeds and various dried fruits and fresh fruits. Like most omnivores, it will not go into hibernation until it stores enough energy.

　　According to the latest viewpoint published in Scientific Progress, the extinction of the cave bear is not due to the competition with human beings, but because the cave bear’s nose has evolved a special structure. The research team from the University of Malaga, Spain, analyzed the eating scene of cave bears by computer simulation to determine whether cave bears can effectively adjust their diet under the condition of limited vegetation resources, thus explaining why European cave bears became extinct during the climate change period.

　　The research team scanned the skulls of four cave bears and eight living brown bears, and found that the sinus of cave bears was surprisingly large, and the sinus directly affected the chewing mode, strength and amplitude. Due to the enlargement of the sinus, the skull and cranium of the cave bear face are deformed, and the originally round top of the head becomes flat and extends backward continuously, so the bite force of the canine teeth and incisors becomes weak. As time goes by, they can’t tear the meat with their front teeth and canine teeth, but only rely on molars to grind the plants and swallow them. Therefore, when grass is not enough to eat, they can’t turn to meat.

　　Why did cave bears evolve into large sinuses? In the cold ice age, cave bears hibernate longer than other Xiong Ke animals in a year, and the large sinuses help to reduce the consumption during hibernation. Sinus is a cavity in the skull, with four pairs, which are symmetrical left and right. It can adjust the temperature and humidity of the air inhaled into nasal cavity, which is very important for cave bears to hibernate.

　　Alejandro perez Ramos, a paleontologist at the University of Malaga in Spain, one of the authors of the paper, explained that cave bears evolved large sinuses to adapt to the environment. With large sinuses, they can reduce energy consumption by hibernating in winter, so as to survive the winter when food supply is insufficient. But it is also because of the large sinuses that their chewing ability is affected. They can only eat grass and can’t eat meat at all. When the vegetation can’t grow because of the cold, the cave bear can’t survive by changing its diet, especially before hibernation, because it fails to intake enough energy, it is likely to run out of fat and "stay awake for a long time", which eventually leads to the extinction of the whole species.

　　Of course, more research evidence is needed about the sinus structure of cave bear. It is believed that with more and more scientific discoveries mastered by scientists, whether cave bears are vegetarians or omnivores and the mystery of cave bears’ extinction will eventually be revealed to the world.

　　 　[Study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee] 　

　　 　People’s democracy in the whole process is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and developing people’s democracy in the whole process is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, listed "focusing on developing people’s democracy in the whole process" among the "seven focuses" and made key arrangements. To thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, we should profoundly grasp the civilized mode, reform requirements and social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process, and focus on directional, overall and strategic issues, so as to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote the construction of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　A profound understanding of the whole process of people’s democracy civilization.

　　 　China’s expression of socialist political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "To study Marx, we must study and practice Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy." Marx and Engels put forward that "the first step of the workers’ revolution is to make the proletariat rise to the ruling class and strive for democracy". Lenin emphasized that socialist social democracy "is the rule of the majority" and advocated "striving for a national system that can best guarantee economic development and people’s rights". The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a firm believer, an active disseminator and a loyal practitioner of Marxism and scientific socialism. The Marxist thought on people’s democracy provides a theoretical source and basis for the formation of people’s democratic ideas in the whole process. In all the practice of revolution, construction and reform, our Party has not only unswervingly guided the great practice of people being masters of their own affairs with Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy, but also unswervingly promoted the China modernization of this theory. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has profoundly grasped the new changes in the main social contradictions in China, actively responded to the people’s new demands and expectations for democracy, and put forward a major concept of people’s democracy in the whole process. The Decision also emphasizes "perfecting the people’s democratic system in the whole process" from the perspective of further comprehensively deepening reforms, which is the latest theoretical expression and practical innovation requirement of China-era Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy.Pushing the regular understanding and creative practice of people’s democracy in the whole process to a new height has greatly enhanced our institutional confidence and confidence.

　　 　Inheritance and innovation of Chinese civilization in 5000 years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "in the historical evolution of thousands of years, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilizations and formed rich thoughts on state system and state governance". The concept of people’s democracy in the whole process is rooted in the vast land of China, sucking the cultural nutrients accumulated by the long struggle of the Chinese nation, and has a profound historical background. In the long history of more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has created brilliant political civilization, and its concept of co-governance under the heaven and its political wisdom of seeking common ground while reserving differences are deeply related to the people’s congress system and political consultation system initiated by our party. People-oriented thoughts, such as respecting heaven and protecting the people, supporting the people by government, valuing the country and despising the people, formed by Chinese ancestors, contain rich democratic factors and reflect the simple cognition and unremitting pursuit of democracy. The idea of people’s democracy in the whole process is the great product of "two combinations". From people-oriented to democracy, Marxism activated the democratic gene contained in China’s traditional political civilization with the light of truth, and integrated the essence of Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy with the essence of Chinese civilization’s political wisdom, and with the democratic idea that the people used everyday without realizing it, forming a democratic system rooted in the fertile soil of their own country and nation’s history and culture, and developing a modern form of brilliant political civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　 　The rich development of human political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There are many ways to realize democracy, and it is impossible to be uniform." Western democracy once played an important role in the history of human political civilization, but democracy is historical, developing and concrete, and no country can monopolize the right to speak and interpret democracy. Western democracy, due to its own insurmountable class and era limitations, causes people to be awakened only when they vote, and then go into hibernation. Only when they listen to hype slogans during the election, they have no right to speak after the election, and they are favored only when they canvass and left out after the election. This kind of democracy is not a real democracy in essence. In the whole process, people’s democracy does not copy western dogma. This democratic system has the characteristics of continuity in time, integrity in content, coordination in operation, and universality and continuity in people’s participation, which prevents the chronic diseases of making promises all over the sky during the election and leaving no one to ask after the election, overcomes the defects of "failure" and "inefficiency" in governance, such as "difficult to decide with votes" and "protracted indecision", and avoids the dilemma.Enriched and developed the form of human political civilization.

　　2 systematically grasp the reform requirements of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　Adhere to the leadership of the party. The "Decision" puts forward the idea of "adhering to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to law", and puts the party’s leadership in the first place in the whole process of developing people’s democracy. In a big country like China, it is not easy to truly express and realize the wishes of more than 1.4 billion people, and there must be strong and unified leadership. The leadership of the Party is the political premise, fundamental guarantee and greatest advantage of developing people’s democracy in the whole process. The whole process of people’s democracy is the inevitable result of the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic of our party’s long-term struggle in modern times. It is the crystallization of our party’s experience in continuously promoting China’s democratic theory innovation, system innovation and practice innovation, and it is the inevitable requirement of adhering to the party’s essential attributes and practicing the party’s fundamental purpose. To uphold the party’s leadership over the whole process of people’s democracy, we should give full play to the party’s leading core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, and ensure that the ideas, principles and policies of people’s democracy in the whole process are implemented in all aspects of national political life and social life; Adhere to the people as the center, follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, keep close contact with the people, and promote the continuous enrichment of the connotation, widening of channels and continuous improvement of efficiency of the people as masters of the country; Adhere to inner-party democracy, implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and promote and promote the development of people’s democracy in the whole process; Adhere to the rule of law, rule the country according to law, lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support the judiciary, take the lead in obeying the law, and ensure the effective implementation of the party’s policies and the people to be masters of the country through the rule of law.

　　 　Adhere to system integration. The "Decision" requires "enhancing the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "People’s democracy in the whole process of our country has realized the unity of process democracy and achievement democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people’s democracy and national will, which is a full-chain, all-round and full-coverage democracy and the most extensive, authentic and effective socialist democracy." The "four unifications", "three integrals" and "three maxims" are closely related and deeply coupled, which fully demonstrates the systematicness of people’s democracy in the whole process from the aspects of institutional arrangement, democratic practice and measurement scale. We should firmly grasp the scientific method of "adhering to the concept of system", adhere to system integration and strengthen top-level design. In terms of institutional arrangements, a comprehensive, extensive and organically connected system of people being the masters of the country will be formed, and diverse, smooth and orderly democratic channels will be built; In democratic practice, we should combine electoral democracy with deliberative democracy, and connect democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision; On the yardstick of measurement, the people enjoy extensive rights, the people’s democratic participation is constantly expanding, the state governance is efficient, the society is harmonious and stable, and the use of power is effectively restricted and supervised, so that the people can enjoy extensive, full, true, concrete and effective democracy. Anyway,Promote the people’s democratic construction in the whole process with systematic and integrated reform, give play to institutional advantages, and show institutional self-confidence.

　　 　Adhere to integrity and innovation. The "Decision" puts forward the major principles of "six persistences" to further comprehensively deepen reform, one of which is "persisting in integrity and innovation". In the whole process of people’s democracy, we must adhere to the principle of upholding integrity and innovation. First of all, we must adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s steadfastness, keep the integrity of the road, theory, system and culture of people’s democracy in the whole process, and unswervingly follow the path of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. On this basis, keep up with the pace of the times, conform to the development of practice, highlight the problem orientation, and promote innovation in all aspects at a new starting point. Promote theoretical innovation, develop Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy with a more positive historical responsibility and creative spirit, and form a theory that people love, agree with and own; Promote practical innovation, enrich democratic forms at all levels in the fiery grassroots life, and explore and create democratic practices full of "fireworks"; Promote system innovation, take system construction as the main line, break the system simultaneously, break it first, build a fundamental political system, improve the basic political system, and innovate important political systems; Promote cultural innovation, widely publicize the essence and essence of people’s democracy in the whole process, vigorously carry forward the excellent political culture of the Chinese nation, such as serving the public, being inclusive, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and actively cultivate a deliberative democratic culture, so that democratic concepts can be deeply integrated into people’s daily work and production life, and the tree of democracy can take root.

　　3 comprehensively consolidate the social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　A solid material foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the political system of a country depends on its economic and social foundation". We should focus on adhering to and improving the basic economic system and building a high-level socialist market economic system, focusing on the reform of relevant systems and mechanisms proposed in the Decision, promoting the adaptation of production relations to productivity and superstructure to the economic base, promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development, and making the economic base and material guarantee of people’s democracy in the whole process more solid. "Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve." To consolidate the material foundation of people’s democracy in the whole process, we must pay close attention to the interests of the people. Grasping the pain points and difficulties in the fields of people’s livelihood, such as medical care, education, environment, old-age care, social security and grass-roots governance, we will solve the urgent and anxious people’s livelihood problems in a democratic way through innovative systems such as representative houses, representative liaison stations and grass-roots legislative contact points, innovative ways such as proposals, meetings, discussions, demonstrations, hearings, evaluations and consultations, and innovative means such as 5G and the Internet.

　　 　Improve the system guarantee. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Both history and reality show that a stable system leads to a stable country, and a strong system leads to a strong country." We should attach great importance to the important role of the system, implement the important deployment of the "Decision" on the whole process of people’s democracy-related system construction, and provide systematic and holistic system and rule of law guarantee for it. On the one hand, improve the people’s democratic system in the whole process. Focusing on strengthening the construction of the system of people being masters of the country, improving the mechanism of deliberative democracy, improving the grass-roots democratic system and improving the work pattern of the great United front, we will promote the more sound system of people being masters of the country and the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy, and further improve the institutionalized, standardized and procedural level of people’s democracy in the whole process. On the other hand, improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Democracy" is essentially related to "rule of law", which is an important symbol of human political civilization. We should focus on deepening the reform in the legislative field, deepening administration according to law, improving the judicial system and mechanism of fair law enforcement, improving the mechanism of promoting the construction of a society ruled by law, and strengthening the construction of foreign-related rule of law, and promote the reform in all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding, carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, promote the improvement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s rule of law system, reach a higher level in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and firmly promote the high-quality development of people’s democracy in the whole process on the rule of law.

　　 　Gather spiritual strength. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people". To fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people, its essence is to give full play to the spiritual strength of China people, and its core is to implement the "respect for the people’s dominant position and initiative" proposed in the Decision. This is determined by the nature and fundamental purpose of our party, which answers the historical materialism foundation, fundamental purpose and success "password" of people’s democracy in the whole process of development. Respect for people’s dominant position and initiative should be based on people’s grassroots democratic practices from "small courtyard chamber" to "bench democracy", from offline "round table meeting" to online "deliberation group", respect for people’s pioneers in pursuing democracy, developing democracy and realizing democracy expressed in grassroots democratic practices, respect for people’s new experience in the whole process of people’s democracy creation, and respect for people’s wishes as subjects of people’s democratic practice, interests and cognition in the whole process. Deeply understand and give full play to the key role of the people, enhance democratic awareness, enhance democratic ability, develop democratic habits, and participate in the most extensive and vivid democratic practice. On this basis, the party’s ideas, the will of the state and the will of the people will be closely integrated, and the good experiences and good practices of grassroots democratic practice will be upgraded to regular understanding.Turn it into the principles and policies of the party and the state, and further guide and promote the great practice of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　 　(Author: Wang Weiguo, executive dean and professor of Marxism College of China Academy of Social Sciences, special researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of New Era, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences)

[Explanation]

　　Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is a new technical science to study and develop theories, methods, technologies and application systems for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new intelligent machine that can respond in a similar way to human intelligence. The research in this field includes robot, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and expert system.

[argument]

　　2016 is the 60th anniversary of the concept of artificial intelligence. For artificial intelligence, Dr. Stephen Hawking commented: "The real artificial intelligence technology will be the greatest invention in human history."

　　At the beginning of March, 2016, after seven days of fierce fighting, Google’s "AlphaGo" beat South Korea’s Jiuduan Li Shishi in the Man-Machine Go Competition, which showed the rapid progress and powerful strength of contemporary artificial intelligence and shocked the hearts of countless people.

　　At the same time, the artificial intelligence products of other giants are constantly showing their edge. In April 2016, Xiao Ai, an artificial intelligence program in Alibaba Cloud, successfully predicted the top three in the fourth season finals of "I am a singer" and successfully predicted that CoCo Lee won the championship in the final showdown; Microsoft’s artificial intelligence system has realized "telling stories by looking at pictures"; Baidu’s "Baidu Brain" has reached the intelligence level of a 4-year-old child. Baidu unmanned vehicles have been tried out on the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing with complicated road conditions, and their emergency performance is better than that of drivers. The secret robot has settled in the KFC concept store in Hongqiao, Shanghai, ordering food directly for guests, and so on.

　　It seems that it will take a long time for these artificial intelligence to be popularized on a large scale. In fact, with the combination of artificial intelligence with emerging industries such as big data, Internet of Things, robotics, biomedicine and virtual reality, it will be faster and faster for other industries and even social and economic seepage velocity.

　　At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gestating. From the third world internet conference held in November, 2016, the innovation of Internet technology in the world is becoming more and more competitive in cutting-edge technology. As the "wind vane" of the Internet industry, the innovation of cutting-edge technology almost determines the development height of the whole Internet.

　　In October 2016, Obama hosted the White House Frontier Summit and looked forward to the development of the United States in the next 50 years. At the summit, the White House released the report "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan", aiming at using the full potential of the artificial intelligence plan to strengthen the economy and improve society. Not only that, the European Commission also announced that the "Human Brain Engineering Project" was selected as the EU’s "Future Emerging Flagship Technology Project".

　　China’s emphasis on artificial intelligence and its support are also increasing. The "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action" issued in July 2015 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to focus on developing the application of artificial intelligence in the fields of home, terminal, automobile and robot; In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", artificial intelligence was promoted to a national strategy; In May 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Network Information Office jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Three-year Action of Artificial Intelligence in internet plus" … Undoubtedly, the development and leap of artificial intelligence technology in the future will greatly change the world and people’s lifestyle.

　　The telegraph took 20 years from invention to popularization; The telephone took less than 10 years from invention to popularization; At present, the research, development and promotion of computer software often take less than a few months. In early January 2017, after the upgraded version of AlphaGo, the "mysterious chess player" Master swept the human Go master with a record of 60 wins, 0 losses and 1 draw, the artificial intelligence Baidu brain narrowly beat the "world memory master". While the Internet entered the second half, a new scene was unveiled in 2017, and artificial intelligence was exciting and full of infinite possibilities.

Notes

　　At present, a wave of artificial intelligence sweeping the world is coming. No matter startups, universities and scientific research institutions in Silicon Valley, or the world’s technology giants Google, Microsoft and Baidu, they have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the field of artificial intelligence and started to conduct forward-looking research.

　　AlphaGo beats Li Shishi.

　　On March 15th, 2016, the fifth match between Google’s artificial intelligence Go software AlphaGo and South Korean star Li Shishi ended, and AlphaGo beat Li Shishi with a total score of 4:1. From March 9 to 15, AlphaGo and Li Shishi fought a total of five games. In the first three games, AlphaGo won a big victory. In the fourth game, Li Shishi reversed the defeat, but in the fifth game, Li Shishi lost again.

　　As a long-standing chess game of the Chinese nation, Go has always been recognized by the industry as a highland that cannot be conquered by a computer. Looking back at this eye-catching man-machine war in the world, its significance has gone far beyond Go. People are keen to talk about AlphaGo, more out of concern for artificial intelligence technology.

　　On March 12, 2016, The Economist published an article entitled "Artificial Intelligence and Go", pointing out that unlike the chess played by Deep Blue in 1997, Go played by AlphaGo is more complicated, and there are more possibilities after each step. But the algorithm behind AlphaGo has already shown its advantages in the competition. Through deep learning, it has been able to simulate human playing chess, has "intuition" and can give the best strategy choice for the next step. Deep learning is an indispensable part of general artificial intelligence in the future. At present, many companies have invested money and energy in this field. In the future, we can expect the application of deep learning in face recognition, speech recognition and even medical field.

　　Baidu brain narrowly beats "world memory master"

　　On the evening of January 6th, 2017, super brain, the fourth season broadcast by Jiangsu Satellite TV, welcomed a special player-Baidu sent an artificial intelligence robot "Xiaodi" equipped with Baidu brain to challenge super brain’s Hall of Fame player. After two hours of competition, Xiaodi beat Wang Feng, the representative of human super brain, 3-2 by virtue of its deep accumulation in the fields of artificial intelligence and face recognition.

　　Behind the "smallness" of Baidu’s brain are trillions of parameters, hundreds of billions of samples and hundreds of billions of feature training, which can simulate the working mechanism of the human brain and learn and train extremely complicated models.

　　Earlier, Robin Li, chairman and CEO of Baidu, also said in the trailer of the fourth season of super brain that if super brain is the representative of human brain limit, then Baidu brain is the representative of high level of artificial intelligence. Regardless of winning or losing, it will make a breakthrough contribution to the technological development of artificial intelligence.

　　At the 3rd world internet conference, the most noticeable event was the release of the world’s leading scientific and technological achievements on the Internet, with 15 high-tech research achievements. Baidu Brain was the only comprehensive artificial intelligence technology selected in China. "Artificial intelligence is the next scene of the mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence will be the core of Baidu’s core. Specifically, artificial intelligence means Baidu’s brain to Baidu." Li Yanhong said.

　　At present, Baidu has published more than 1,500 invention patents in artificial intelligence-related fields such as speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, unmanned driving, machine learning and deep learning, which have been widely used in unmanned vehicles, voice search and even O2O.

　　CCTV News:On June 21st, WeChat official account, the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, issued a public health protection guide for high temperature and heat waves, with the specific contents as follows.

　　In order to protect public health, in view of the health problems caused by high-temperature heat waves in summer in China, put forward intervention measures and suggestions for population health risks, guide the public to carry out scientific protection, and prevent and reduce the health hazards of high-temperature heat waves to the population, the Guide for Public Health Protection of High-temperature Heat Waves is specially formulated. This guide is applicable to public health protection in summer when high-temperature heat waves occur. The public should learn the basic knowledge about high-temperature heat waves and health, understand the basic concept of health protection for high-temperature heat waves, and take health protection measures for high-temperature heat waves.

　　First, the basic knowledge

　　1. High temperature heat wave

　　High temperature heat wave grade (GB/T 29457— 2012) defines high-temperature heat wave as a weather process with high temperature, high humidity and long duration, which makes people feel uncomfortable and may threaten public health and life safety, increase energy consumption and affect social production activities.

　　2. Health effects of high temperature heat wave

　　High temperature heat wave can directly cause heat-related diseases such as heat rash, heat edema, heat syncope, heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are three different clinical manifestations of severe heatstroke, as follows:

　　(1) thermal spasm. Short-term and intermittent muscle spasms with contraction pain occur after sweating heavily, which are more common in the muscles of limbs, masticatory muscles and abdominal muscles, especially gastrocnemius muscles, and are symmetrical. The temperature is generally normal.

　　(2) heat exhaustion. A group of clinical syndromes characterized by insufficient blood volume, such as hyperhidrosis, cold skin, pallor, nausea, dizziness, obviously increased heart rate, hypotension and oliguria, may be accompanied by dizziness and syncope. The body temperature often rises but does not exceed 40℃, and some patients only have a temperature rise in the early stage.

　　(3) heatstroke. The main clinical manifestations are obvious increase of body temperature and disturbance of consciousness, such as dry and hot skin, anhidrosis, delirium, coma, etc. May be accompanied by generalized epilepsy, rhabdomyolysis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and so on. Body temperature is as high as 40℃ and above.

　　High temperature heat wave can aggravate the occurrence and development of circulatory, respiratory, urinary and nervous system diseases, and cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke. Causing serious lung diseases; Causing an acute decline in renal function, leading to renal failure in severe cases; It can also cause mental and behavioral disorders, lead to cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression and other mental diseases, and then lead to an increase in accidents and casualties. Excessive exposure to high-intensity ultraviolet radiation during high-temperature heat waves will also have adverse effects on skin and eyes.

　　3. Key groups for health protection of high temperature and heat wave

　　There are three main categories of key groups. The first category is sensitive groups, such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. The second category is patients with chronic basic diseases, such as circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, kidney diseases and diabetes; The third category is outdoor workers, such as farmers, construction workers, sanitation workers, couriers and other personnel.

　　4. Early warning information of high temperature heat wave

　　(1) High temperature warning signal. The Meteorological Disaster Warning Signal and Defense Guide stipulates that the high temperature warning signal is divided into three levels (see Table 1 for details).

　　(2) Thermal health risk forecasting and early warning intervention information. Including health risk monitoring, health risk warning and health risk early warning information (see Table 2 for details).

　　Second, the basic idea

　　1. Scientific and effective individual protective measures can reduce the health hazards of high-temperature heat waves to a certain extent.

　　2. Timely release of high-temperature early warning and early warning intervention information of thermal health risk prediction and guidance to the public for scientific protection can effectively reduce health losses.

　　3. Children, pregnant women, the elderly and other sensitive people, people with chronic basic diseases need to strengthen their own protection under high temperature and heat wave. The health protection of outdoor workers in high temperature and heat wave should be paid attention to.

　　Third, the general population protection measures and suggestions

　　1. Keep the indoor environment cool

　　(1) Maintain proper temperature and humidity. When the indoor temperature is high, cooling equipment can be used to reduce the ambient temperature; At night and in the early morning, the temperature can be lowered by opening the window for ventilation. When the indoor humidity is not suitable, dehumidification or humidification equipment can be used to adjust the indoor humidity.

　　(2) reduce direct sunlight. Close the window of Chaoyang or use sunshade, curtain, etc. to block the direct sunlight.

　　(3) Reduce the use of indoor electrical equipment. Turn off unnecessary lights and heat-generating electrical equipment; Prevent fires caused by overload of wires due to excessive electricity consumption.

　　2. Reduce outdoor high temperature exposure

　　(1) reduce going out. Try to avoid outdoor physical activities and outdoor sports; If you need to go out for activities, try to avoid going out at high temperature.

　　(2) pay attention to sun protection. Wear light, loose and light-colored clothes when going out, and use sunscreen products.

　　(3) move in the shade. Try to avoid high temperature environment and direct sunlight, and should be active in the shade.

　　(4) Reduce physical exertion. If you need to go out in hot weather, you should reduce strenuous activities and pay attention to rest in time to avoid excessive physical exertion.

　　3. Pay attention to your health

　　(1) Prepare heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs. Store heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs properly and take them when the body is not in time (subject to the drug description); If you have chronic underlying diseases or take multiple drugs for a long time, you should consult a doctor.

　　(2) pay attention to regulating diet. Drink water in time, prepare heatstroke prevention drinks, moderate cold drinks, and avoid drinking drinks containing alcohol, caffeine and a lot of sugar; Eat less and eat more, and the diet should be light and easy to digest.

　　(3) Pay attention to the changes of body temperature. Measure the body temperature in time. When the body temperature is abnormal, you can use cold water, ice cubes, ice packs, ice towels and other cooling products to physically cool the skin, clothes or neck, and take a bath or shower when conditions permit.

　　(4) Pay attention to the symptoms of discomfort. Take summer medicine with you when you go out. In case of heatstroke, you can use the medicine to relieve the symptoms. If dizziness, headache, fatigue, thirst, excessive sweating, palpitation, flushing, burning skin, slightly higher body temperature and other symptoms of heatstroke, you should seek help in time, move to the shade as soon as possible to rest, measure your body temperature and replenish water; If muscle spasm occurs, you should immediately rest in the shade and properly supplement drinks containing electrolytes; If the symptoms persist, you should seek medical advice promptly.

　　(5) Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms are serious. In case of burning skin, confusion, excitement, slurred speech, irritability, delirium, convulsion and/or coma, immediately seek medical attention or call an ambulance, and rest in the shade immediately. Put cooling products in the neck, armpits and groin to cool down, measure the body temperature and keep ventilation.

　　Iv. Suggestions on protective measures for key populations

　　On the basis of doing well the protective measures for the general population, key populations need to strengthen their own health protection according to the following measures and suggestions.

　　1. Sensitive people

　　(1) Try to avoid high temperature. Avoid strenuous activities, so that the body can get a full rest; Encourage children who play outdoors to stay in the shade as much as possible, and pregnant women and the elderly to stay in cool rooms as much as possible.

　　(2) Ensure sufficient water and replenish electrolytes. Drink water actively, many times and in moderation, and don’t feel thirsty before drinking water; Properly supplement drinks containing electrolytes and avoid drinking drinks with too much sugar; Pay attention to the urine volume and color. If the urine volume decreases and the color becomes darker, it means that there is insufficient water in the body.

　　(3) keep in touch. Keep in touch with family and neighbors and get help and care from others in time. Old people living alone should visit every day and leave their contact information with neighbors or communities.

　　2. Patients with chronic basic diseases

　　(1) replenish water in time. Drink water actively, many times and in moderation, and don’t feel thirsty before drinking water; If the amount of drinking water is limited due to illness or diuretics need to be taken, ask the doctor about the reasonable amount of drinking water in time.

　　(2) reduce exercise. Do not engage in strenuous activities, so that the body can get a full rest; If you must exercise, try to arrange a cooler time of the day.

　　(3) Appropriate electrolyte supplementation. Replenish the electrolyte lost by the body through meals and drinks; If you are on a low-salt diet, you should consult your doctor.

　　(4) keep in touch. Keep in touch with family and neighbors and get help and care from others in time.

　　3. Outdoor workers

　　(1) replenish water and electrolyte. Drink 1 glass of water (200 ml ~ 300 ml) every 15 to 20 minutes in moderate intensity work activities; You should drink water before you are thirsty to keep your body hydrated. Eat meals and drinks containing salt and minerals in time to replenish electrolytes lost by the body.

　　(2) keep cool. It is advisable to wear reflective clothes and cooling vests with ice packs; Change clothes soaked with sweat in time.

　　(3) Reasonable arrangement of outdoor operation time. Try to arrange the work with high temperature exposure to a cooler time of the day; Outdoor workers should have regular rest, and rest should be carried out in a cool place or a place with cooling equipment; Shift system can be adopted in high temperature period to increase the rest time and frequency of workers as much as possible.

　　(4) Prevention of occupational heatstroke. Reduce the labor intensity and slow down the labor speed. If there are symptoms of heatstroke, you should immediately move to the shade and rest, and drink some water to cool down; If the condition is serious, you should seek medical treatment or call an ambulance immediately.

　　（5）Regular physical examination. Outdoor workers should have regular occupational health examination and emergency occupational health examination before and during their posts, and it is strictly forbidden to suffer from chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, and systemic bruise area ≥ 20%, epilepsy and other personnel engaged in high temperature operations.

Global information group new culture business

Organize | Global Information Section

Edit | Wen Lele

A quick look at information

1.AcFun’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cyrus Dynamics Industrial and Commercial Change, is wholly-owned by Aauto Quicker.

2. Yusheng Culture, the first stock of China Variety, was cold on the first day of listing, down 115% from the issue price.

3. The game MCN Elephant Entertainment and Goose Culture announced the merger, with Tencent, Betta, Huya and Shanda as important shareholders.

4.Soul’s operating partner was arrested for deliberately spreading harmful violation information on the opponent’s APP.

5. All six Disney parks in the world are closed.

6.Apple Music won a new contract with the record company

7. Disney announced the global withdrawal of the live-action movie Mulan.

8.Youtube announced that it will support the realization of Covid-19 video advertisements.

9.NBA Development Alliance announced that it would suspend the game indefinitely.

Domestic information

1.AcFun’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Cyrus Dynamics Industrial and Commercial Change, is wholly-owned by Aauto Quicker.

According to the equity data of Tianyancha, Beijing Serisi Culture Communication Co., Ltd. has undergone industrial and commercial changes today. Guangzhou Barrage Network Technology Co., Ltd., the operating entity of Acfun, its major shareholder, withdrew, and Beijing Aauto Quicker Technology Co., Ltd., the operating entity of Aauto Quicker, a newly added shareholder, wholly held its shares. Established in September 2013, Beijing Seri Sidong Culture Communication Co., Ltd. has a registered capital of about 20.19 million RMB, and its legal representative is Jia Hongyi. Its business scope includes technology development, technical services and application software services. The company was founded by Sun Min, former CEO of Acfun.

2. Yusheng Culture, the first stock of China Variety, was cold on the first day of listing, down 115% from the issue price.

Yusheng Culture, which led Canxing Culture to become "the first variety in China", was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange today at a price of HK$ 2.26 per share. As of press time, the share price was reported at HK$ 2.00, down 1150% from the issue price, with a total market value of HK$ 3.2 billion. Yusheng Culture was established in Beijing in 2014. Its main business includes research and development, marketing, production and distribution of video content (such as variety shows and series) for media platforms. The programs launched include Who’s Your Dish, Super Premiere, Home Chef, Hello! Interviewer, etc.

3. The game MCN Elephant Entertainment and Goose Culture announced the merger, with Tencent, Betta, Huya and Shanda as important shareholders.

On March 13th, 2020, China’s two major games MCN Shenzhen Xiaoxiang Mutual Entertainment Culture and Entertainment Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Goose Culture Communication Co., Ltd. officially announced the merger. According to the merger agreement, Elephant Mutual Entertainment and Goose Culture will set up a brand-new company "Shenzhen Elephant Goose Culture Co., Ltd.", and Dou Yuxi, the founder of Elephant Mutual Entertainment, will be the CEO of the new company. Previously, the valuations of the two companies reached 1 billion yuan, and they successively introduced important shareholders such as Tencent, Betta, Huya and Shanda.

4. Netease Cloud Music has reached a copyright cooperation with Jili Studio.

Netease Cloud Music announced that it has reached a copyright cooperation with the studio of Ji Lili, and obtained the full authorization of its animation music, including My Neighbor Totoro’s "Spirited Away", Hal’s Moving Castle, Ponyo On The Cliff by The Sea and other well-known popular animation music works.

5.Soul’s operating partner was arrested for deliberately spreading harmful violation information on the opponent’s APP.

Due to deliberately spreading harmful and illegal information on the competitor’s APP, the "set up bureau" made a malicious report, which led to the other party’s APP being taken off the shelf for three months, causing the growth of the victim company to almost stagnate and the business to be seriously endangered. Soul’s partner Li was arrested by the Putuo District People’s Procuratorate for allegedly damaging business reputation and commodity reputation.

Foreign information

1. All six Disney parks in the world are closed.

On March 13th, affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, Disney announced the temporary closure of Orlando Disneyland and Paris Disneyland. The reporter logged into official website of Paris Disneyland and found that official website’s homepage indicated that the park would be temporarily closed until April 15th. So far, all six Disney parks in the world have been closed.

2.Apple Music won a new contract with the record company.

According to macrumors, Apple Music has obtained new contracts from major record companies including Universal Music, Sony Music and Warner Music. Earlier, Apple had a preliminary discussion with record companies on whether to launch a "media content bundle package" for Apple Music and Apple TV+. If the agreement is reached, users will be able to subscribe to Apple Music and Apple TV+ services at a lower price. However, this contract does not bind the terms of Apple TV+.

3. Disney announced the global withdrawal of the live-action movie Mulan.

Mulan was originally scheduled to be released in many places around the world from March 26th, including North America and Britain on March 27th, but now it has been withdrawn. Director Nikki Carroll said: "Making this film is the most satisfying and exciting experience of my career, and we are excited to share it with the world. But considering the changing situation today, unfortunately, we have to postpone the release of "Hua Benlan" in the world. " There is no new schedule for the film. deadline sources said that Disney plans to let Mulan be shown in many places around the world this year.

4.Youtube announced that it will support the realization of Covid-19 video advertisements.

Youtube is reassessing its policy to help creators of videos related to the Covid-19 outbreak realize their advertising. Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube, sent an email to video creators on Wednesday to discuss the coverage of Covid-19. Wojcicki said: "In the next few days, we will activate the advertising service for discussing Covid-19’s content on specific channels. These channels include verified creators and a series of news partners. We are preparing our policies and implementation processes to expand our liquidity to more creators and news organizations in the next few weeks. "

5. American actor Tom Hanks and his wife confirmed that they were infected with Covid-19.

On the evening of 11th local time in the United States, actor Tom Hanks, who was in Australia, confirmed on social networking sites that he and his wife had been tested positive for COVID-19 after suffering from fatigue, body aches and low fever caused by similar colds. Tom Hanks himself said that he would follow the doctor’s advice and update the situation in time.

6.NBA Development Alliance announced that it would suspend the game indefinitely.

The development alliance officially issued an indefinite suspension statement. This statement was issued after the NBA announced the suspension, and it developed.

The league and NBA not only share two-way players, but also share some facilities.

End

Recent hot articles

* How long will the "Love-Hate Entanglement" between Tik Tok and India last?

* The live broadcast has declined, but it is gambling on social+e-commerce. Is the "nouveau riche" Yingke rushing in?

* A number of listed film companies issued performance forecasts, and the advantages of previous years became the weakness after the epidemic?

* Pneumonia has dealt a further blow to global movies, and there are 72 countries besides Hollywood.

* The narrowing of long video losses may be the first good news for the content industry in 2020.

* If Sun Yang has not been wronged, how should we reflect?

* Disney’s coaching change is not the end of an era. Iger has opened a new era for the successor.

For business cooperation, please contact WeChat 13752255077 | wxjover.

Reprint | Join the community | Contribute

Please contact WeChat 13810212457.

Original title: "Global Information | Disney’s six global parks are all closed"

Read the original text

Special feature of 1905 film network If you use one word to describe the coming 2020, what would you choose?Under the sudden intrusion of the epidemic, many friends of the film critic have adjusted the rich goals set for this year to the word "alive".

However, similar to the China movie from stagnation to restart, you and I can always find more surprises besides completing the goal of "being alive".

Just last week, many film practitioners were pleasantly surprised to find that the annual box office of China movies in 2020 has exceeded 19.3 billion yuan, and the integer node of 20 billion seems within reach. As the biggest force in this sprint stage, it is naturally scheduled to be released on December 31.

The pre-sale box office on the opening day exceeded 100 million, and this "little red flower", which is incarnated as a little sun in the latest poster, is very hopeful to become a bright sun to help the film market recover at the last minute of 2020.

With the same theme of "being alive", it wants to achieve the goal of love and hope through all the audience.

When the flower falls, she does not die.

Two days after the release, A Little Red Flower released a promotion song called "Flowers".

With sentimental lyrics, the affection between the characters played by Jackson Yee and Liu Haocun is slowly released. The snuggling on the motorcycle and the proximity to the dining table all reveal the ambiguous atmosphere of youth.

Following Ma Xiaoyuan’s ridicule of Wei Yihang’s "Ma Bao", Tao Hui, the mother played by Zhu Yuanyuan, directly pointed out her son’s thoughts for the audience: You are afraid of losing her.

Afraid of losing, isn’t it the truest voice of you and me in 2020? We who continue to study the course of "Cherishing Life" in this year may be better able to experience the resonance of the times in Wei Yihang and Ma Xiaoyuan who are born to die.

Jackson Yee and Liu Haocun, who play cancer patients for the first time, are both leading the second screen. I’m afraid the test they face is not lower than that of you and me who were at a loss before the epidemic. Just like us who are constantly strong under the anti-epidemic achievements, the release of each video material brings surprises and confidence to this "little red flower" with their brilliant performances in skills and emotions.

Different from Xiaobei, which is full of social atmosphere, Jackson Yee’s "problem of juvenile" in A Little Red Flower, although still full of "stubborn" spirit, highlights the natural mentality of teenagers in their growth beyond repression.

What inspired him to go to the sun was naturally the issuer of "Little Red Flower" — — Ma Xiaoyuan played by Liu Haocun. Also terminally ill, the mud child in that movie has been born into a sunny and confident girl, as if all the illnesses in the play had nothing to do with her.

Trapped in the mire of suffering, the little red flower painted on the hand became the connection of flower of life, so that when Xiaoyuan asked "What if we get separated?", Yihang, who had lost his silence, gave the most firm answer:

"You raised this arm in the crowd. As soon as I saw this little red flower, I immediately ran to find you. 」

When the flower falls, she does not die, and the only strength that supports her is love and hope.

What a miserable day, you have overcome it.

A Little Red Flower, who is concerned about anti-cancer issues, has been the third screen contact between director Han Yan and the pain.

From amnesia, which is the background of love story, to leukemia, which is fought by optimism, Han Yan’s creation gradually approaches the truth of realism, but it is also more determined to face the pain with optimism.

As the core clue except "love" in A Little Red Flower, the family relationship between the two families has been the pillar of film promotion since the poster was warmed up. Even my father’s slap in the face of Yihang is fierce but not out of line in the dual context of suffering and Chinese family.

Professor Wu Guanping of Beijing Film Academy, who had seen the film in advance, remembered one of the family scenes vividly when he was a guest on the program "Today’s Film Review": the father who was worried about the money for his children’s treatment at a family dinner could not help but turn around and cry after winning the support promise of "selling the house" from different families.

China’s desire for life, which once touched him, is the most basic and lofty demand of the people for realism 3. After "fuck off!" Tumor jun’s cartoon style, I believe that in A Little Red Flower, where comedy faces such as George W. PINKRAY  joined, Han Yan will continue to actively write about the anti-cancer process with optimism.

For the people of China who have gained rich experience and achievements in fighting the epidemic in this year, this kind of writing has long been beyond the scope of artistic comparison. The anti-cancer family in A Little Red Flower represents the group of you and me who have gone through hardships and are unyielding.

What year-end gift can be more appropriate than this "little red flower" that we cultivated together?

The Expert Perspective of Today’s Film Review

Professor Wu Guanping of Beijing Film Academy:This film has given us a lot of emotional appeal of encouragement and progress, so I think showing the film A Little Red Flower at the end of the year to give you a "little red flower" can make us forget the misfortunes we experienced in 2020 and remember the touch and warmth left by 2020.

"Network security is for the people, and network security depends on the people", implement the principle of "Four Persistences", grasp new requirements and show new achievements.

CCTV’s "simulcast+"invites you to study together and work hard to jointly strengthen the construction of network security system.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

Urban public space has played an irreplaceable multi-function in urban life since its birth, and it is an important place to prosper urban life, highlight urban connotation and reshape urban integrity. At present, China’s urban development has entered an important period from "with or without" to "with or without". Urban public space is one of the most valuable resources to be developed in the city. Revitalizing the existing public space as a carrier to create a green, livable, convenient, inclusive and shared urban life community is not only closely related to the construction and governance of urban space, but also closely related to people’s happy life.

Taking urban renewal as the guide to realize quality improvement and efficiency improvement of public space

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s urban development has entered an important period of urban renewal. An important feature of urban renewal is to change the development mode of large-scale urban construction in the past, and turn to pay equal attention to stock upgrading and incremental structural adjustment. In the process of urban renewal, it is particularly important to respect the law of urban development and develop the value of urban public space resources. From the perspective of local practice, there are mainly three ways.

● Activate old factories or transform old blocks.

By activating old factories or transforming old blocks, the functional quality and humanistic connotation will be promoted and rejuvenated.

At present, it has become a major trend to turn old workshops into art spaces, transform abandoned industrial parks into theme parks, and update old houses and streets into cultural blocks in the center of the city.

For example, in 2021, beijing municipal commission of development and reform approved three typical demonstration projects, namely, the demonstration base of hard science and technology industry in the city sub-center, the permanent meeting place of Beijing International Design Week in Zhangjiawan design town, and the sci-fi industrial cluster in Shougang, which supported the development of high-tech industries. At the same time, it also started important life service street renovation projects, such as Baitasi block, and reconstructed the streetscape of the old city through hardware infrastructure renovation and business upgrading.

● Strengthen green ecological restoration and return to landscape cities.

By transforming the space around the lake and the river, we can return the river to the people, the lake to the people, the shore to the people, and the scenery to the people.

For example, the public spaces on both sides of the Huangpu River in Shanghai have been upgraded and improved, and efforts have been made to create charming waterfront spaces that can be walked, read and have temperature; The plan of "Two Rivers and Four Shores" in Wuhan proposes to connect the coastline, integrate the dock facilities and leave more coastal space for the citizens. The public space upgrading project on the left bank of Yongding River in Beijing uses the waterfront space resources of Yongding River, integrates water conservancy culture, Shougang industrial culture, Fengsha railway culture, Olympic culture, etc., builds an open exhibition corridor, and creates a new bright spot in the Yongding River cultural belt in Xishan.

● Open the unit courtyard and build a complete green public space system.

Through "seamless connection" between courtyard greening and urban greening, we will further fill the shortcomings of infrastructure, create an open block, and realize returning green to the people and sharing facilities.

Since 2015, Changsha, Suqian, Zhengzhou, Quzhou, Taizhou and other places have successively launched the action of opening the unit courtyard. Through high-level overall planning and systematic planning, the greening roads and facilities in the unit courtyard have been made public, and a public park green space system with activity space and service function has been created.

The above three ways are to fully develop and utilize the functions of urban public space through upgrading and transformation, to promote the realization of green, livable, open, inclusive and shared high-quality living environment, to give residents more space for fitness, leisure and public communication, and to make people’s life in the city more convenient, comfortable and better. This is the basic essence of urban renewal, and it is also the inevitable follow for the high-quality development of urban human settlements.

Building a public space governance system with urban governance as the starting point

In essence, urban renewal is no longer a simple process of urban construction, but a process of urban governance, which involves the whole cycle of urban planning, construction, management, operation and service. At present, China has entered a new stage of high-quality development, and it has also reached an important juncture in the transformation from urban management to urban governance. From the perspective of local practice, it is mainly reflected in three aspects.

● Give full play to the main role of the government in the renovation and governance of urban public space.

On the one hand, strengthen the important role of the government in top-level design, and ensure that all policies and plans can be fully and effectively implemented through the government’s coercive power, overall planning and organizational support; On the other hand, we should give play to the important functions of government system integration, supervision and assessment, and ensure the overall and systematic progress of all work.

For example, some cities regard the urban public space governance project as a popular project of the government, which is included in the key content of doing practical things for the masses, and incorporated into the relevant assessment scope of civilized city construction, garden city construction and urban comprehensive management evaluation to be restrained and standardized to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.

● Build a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation.

The renovation and governance of urban public space needs to pay more attention to the relationship between governance subjects. By building a collaborative governance platform with multiple participation, the division of responsibilities of multiple subjects is refined, and corresponding standards and incentives are introduced to realize the marketization and socialization path of urban public space management, service and operation.

Taking the "property city" in Hengqin New District of Zhuhai as an example, the government has outsourced the whole urban public services through the "property city", and the general operator of urban public services has built a platform through the Urban Governance Committee, which has become an important bridge connecting the government, the market and the society. At the same time, it has also provided the whole process management, service and operation for urban public space, public resources and public projects, built a professional platform for urban governance, and built a clear responsibility, partnership and symbiosis.

● Explore a standardized, normalized, scientific and intelligent governance mechanism for urban public space renewal.

The difference between governance and management reflects system governance, legal governance, source governance and comprehensive policy. In the process of exploring urban public space governance, all localities also improve the efficiency of urban system linkage and overall operation by reshaping urban governance structure, optimizing urban governance process and promoting urban governance technology innovation.

For example, Beijing’s transition from "whistling in the streets and towns, reporting to departments" to "handling complaints immediately" and the current active governance is not only a process of changing governance concepts and diversifying governance subjects, but also reflects the upgrading of governance methods and means, focusing on scientific, intelligent and refined efforts.

At present, the construction of new urban infrastructure promoted by various places aims to build an important tool and platform for urban governance through the application of digital, intelligent and networked technologies, and also provide important technical support for ensuring the safe and orderly operation of public spaces and accurate and efficient services.

From the above three aspects, changes in governance concepts, governance systems and governance methods can reshape the environmental order of urban public spaces, make the renovation and governance of urban public spaces more in line with the laws of urban development and people’s needs for a better life, and truly reflect the systematic thinking of urban governance and the value concept of organic life.

Promoting the Co-construction and Sharing of Public Space Based on Co-creation

Urban public space is an important carrier of the close relationship between man and nature, the main place for residents to carry out social communication, and also an important place to build a beautiful environment and a happy life in the city.

Driven by the current concept of urban development, the co-creation of a beautiful environment and a happy life has become an important model and an important follow-up to promote residents’ participation in building a beautiful living environment, which can further promote the co-construction and sharing of urban public spaces. From the perspective of local practice, it can be summarized into three forms.

● Participate in the design and construction of public space.

Community is a place where residents live for a long time, and the affairs of the community are closely related to the residents. The renewal and transformation of communities should guide residents to take the initiative to participate.

For example, many "Participatory Design Workshops" were held in Beijing Changying Small Green Space Renewal Project, and residents were invited to participate in the garden design. Under the guidance of designers, residents expressed their demand for space and suggestions and opinions on the preliminary scheme through group discussion. After the scheme integration, the functional design of "Rose Fairy Tale Garden" was finally determined, and many residents participated in it from the start of the garden to the construction, through painting bottles, paving turf, building flower ponds and building together.

● Build the environmental order of public space together.

On the one hand, in the process of community renewal and transformation, the way of mobilizing residents to contribute money, materials, efforts and methods can change residents’ attitude towards maintaining public environment and order to a certain extent, and promote residents to cherish the fruits of hard work and continuously maintain a beautiful community environment; On the other hand, under the background of community governance led by Party building, we should give full play to the political mobilization and organizational co-ordination of grass-roots party organizations, and jointly promote the maintenance of environmental order in the neighborhood by building a party building alliance of all units in the street. At the same time, community party member double registration, community volunteer activities and social organization participation have also played an important role in guiding garbage sorting and promoting the creation of green communities.

Remodeling the public spirit of urban public space

The essence of urban public space is not the architectural form or landscape style it shows, but the rich and even different urban life it contains. It is this rich and diverse life style that inspires the vitality of public space and reshapes the social structure of public space.

For example, in the scene of community co-governance, Chengdu strengthens residents’ awareness of participation, promotes communication and builds an "acquaintance community" by taking interest activation as the guide and various community activities as the carrier. On this basis, it inspires residents to pay attention to and participate in public affairs independently, and gradually realizes the transformation from "acquaintance community" to "well-ordered community".

The above three forms are all based on urban public space, and more residents are encouraged to participate in the co-construction, co-governance and sharing of public space through organizational participation, party building guidance and scene creation, so as to reshape public spirit and social order.

The author is the National Mayor Training College (Cadre College of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development)

November 18, 2016 Caiku [2016] No.198

Relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council ministries and commissions, directly affiliated institutions, General Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), General Office of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, High Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, relevant people’s organizations, finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans, procurement centers of directly under the authority in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, government procurement centers of central state organs, procurement centers of organs of the National People’s Congress, centralized procurement centers of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, materials and equipment procurement centers of the General Administration of Customs, centralized procurement centers of the People’s Bank of China and police equipment procurement centers of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　The measures for the administration of government procurement evaluation experts formulated by the Ministry of Finance are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them.

　　Annex: Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Evaluation Experts

　　CC: Offices of the Financial Ombudsman of the Ministry of Finance in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning.

Attachment:

Measures for the administration of government procurement review experts

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of government procurement evaluation activities and standardize the evaluation behavior of government procurement evaluation experts (hereinafter referred to as evaluation experts), these Measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law), the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law Implementation Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law Implementation Regulations) and other laws, regulations and relevant provisions.

　　Article 2 The term "evaluation experts" as mentioned in these Measures refers to those who are selected by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, participate in the evaluation of government procurement in an independent capacity, and are included in the management of the evaluation expert database. These Measures shall apply to the selection, dismissal, extraction, use, supervision and management of evaluation experts.

　　Article 3 The evaluation experts shall follow the management principles of unified standards, separation of management and random selection.

　　Article 4 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for formulating the national unified professional classification standards for evaluation experts and the standards for the construction of evaluation expert database, and building and managing the national evaluation expert database.

　　The financial department of the provincial people’s government is responsible for the construction of the local evaluation expert database and the implementation of dynamic management, and the interconnection and resource sharing with the national evaluation expert database.

　　The financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall perform their duties of supervision and management of the evaluation experts according to law.

　　Chapter II Selection and Dismissal of Appraisal Experts

　　Article 5 The financial departments of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall select and appoint evaluation experts through public solicitation, unit recommendation and self-recommendation.

　　Article 6 Evaluation experts shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Having good professional ethics, being honest and self-disciplined, abiding by discipline and law, and having no bad credit records such as bribery, bribery and fraud;

　　(two) with intermediate professional titles or equivalent professional level and engaged in related fields for 8 years, or with senior professional titles or equivalent professional level;

　　(three) familiar with government procurement related policies and regulations;

　　(four) China citizens who promise to participate in the evaluation work in an independent capacity, perform the duties of evaluation experts according to law and bear corresponding legal responsibilities;

　　(five) under the age of 70, healthy, able to undertake the review work;

　　(six) within three years before applying to become an expert, there is no record of bad behavior as stipulated in Article 29 of these Measures.

　　The conditions listed in items (2) and (5) of the preceding paragraph may be appropriately relaxed for the majors with a small number of experts.

　　Article 7 A person who meets the requirements as stipulated in Article 6 of these Measures and voluntarily applies to become an evaluation expert (hereinafter referred to as the applicant) shall provide the following application materials:

　　(1) Resume, application and letter of commitment signed by me;

　　(2) Academic degree certificate, professional title certificate or certification materials with equivalent professional level;

　　(3) A valid certificate to prove my identity;

　　(four) I think it is necessary to apply for withdrawal of information;

　　(five) other materials as prescribed by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

　　Article 8 An applicant shall apply for accreditation according to his major or specialty.

　　Article 9 The financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall review the application materials submitted by the applicant, the declared evaluation major and credit information, and select qualified experts to be included in the evaluation expert database management.

　　Article 10 If the work unit, contact information, professional titles and information to be avoided of the evaluation experts change, it shall timely apply to the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level for changing the relevant information.

　　Eleventh experts in any of the following circumstances, the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall be dismissed:

　　(a) does not meet the conditions stipulated in article sixth of these measures;

　　(two) I apply to no longer serve as an expert;

　　(3) There is a record of bad behavior as stipulated in Article 29 of these Measures;

　　(4) Being subject to criminal punishment.

　　Chapter III Selection and Use of Appraisal Experts

　　Article 12 A purchaser or procurement agency shall randomly select evaluation experts from the evaluation expert database established by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

　　If the number of relevant experts in the evaluation expert database cannot be guaranteed to be randomly selected, the purchaser or procurement agency can recommend qualified personnel, and then randomly select them after being audited and hired.

　　Thirteenth procurement projects with complex technology and strong professionalism, it is difficult to determine the appropriate evaluation experts through random methods, and with the consent of the competent budget unit, the purchaser can choose the evaluation experts in the corresponding professional fields by himself.

　　Those who choose their own evaluation experts shall give priority to the evaluation experts outside their own units.

　　Fourteenth in addition to competitive negotiation, competitive consultation procurement, as well as off-site evaluation of the project, the purchaser or procurement agency to select experts to review the start time in principle shall not be earlier than 2 working days before the start of the evaluation activities.

　　Article 15 The purchaser or procurement agency shall announce the review discipline before the review activities begin, and file the written documents recording the review discipline as the procurement documents.

　　Sixteenth evaluation experts and suppliers to participate in procurement activities have one of the following interests, should be avoided:

　　(1) Having had labor relations with suppliers within three years before participating in procurement activities, or having served as a director or supervisor of suppliers, or being a controlling shareholder or actual controller of suppliers;

　　(2) Having husband and wife, lineal blood relatives, collateral blood relatives within three generations or close in-laws with the legal representative or person in charge of the supplier;

　　(three) there are other relationships with suppliers that may affect the fairness and impartiality of government procurement activities.

　　If the evaluation experts find that they are interested in the suppliers participating in procurement activities, they should take the initiative to withdraw. If the purchaser or procurement agency finds that the evaluation experts have an interest in suppliers participating in procurement activities, they shall be required to withdraw.

　　Except as provided in Article 13 of these Measures, the evaluation experts can only participate in the evaluation activities as representatives of the purchaser for the government procurement projects of this unit.

　　The staff of government procurement supervision and management of financial departments at all levels shall not participate in the evaluation activities of government procurement projects as evaluation experts.

　　Article 17 If the number of experts on the review site does not meet the requirements due to the absence or avoidance of the review experts, the purchaser or procurement agency shall make up the review experts in time, or select and make up the review experts by itself with the consent of the competent budget unit of the purchaser. If it is impossible to make up the evaluation experts in time, the purchaser or procurement agency shall immediately stop the evaluation work, properly keep the procurement documents, and re-establish the bid evaluation committee, negotiation team, inquiry team and consultation team for evaluation according to law.

　　Article 18 Evaluation experts shall strictly abide by the discipline of evaluation work, and conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the procurement documents in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and prudence.

　　When the evaluation experts find that the contents of the procurement documents violate the relevant mandatory provisions of the state or the procurement documents are ambiguous or have major defects, which makes the evaluation work impossible, they shall stop the evaluation and explain the situation in writing to the purchaser or procurement agency.

　　The evaluation experts shall cooperate with the suppliers to answer their inquiries, questions and complaints, and shall not disclose the evaluation documents, evaluation situation and business secrets learned in the evaluation process.

　　If the evaluation experts find that the supplier has committed illegal acts such as bribery, providing false materials or collusion, they shall report to the financial department in time.

　　Experts who have been illegally interfered in the evaluation process shall report to the finance and supervision departments in a timely manner.

　　Nineteenth evaluation experts should sign the evaluation report and bear legal responsibility for their own evaluation opinions. If there are disputes on matters that need to be jointly identified, the conclusion shall be made according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority. If there is any objection to the review report, it shall sign different opinions on the review report and explain the reasons, otherwise it shall be regarded as agreeing to the review report.

　　Twentieth the list of evaluation experts shall be kept confidential before the announcement of the evaluation results. After the completion of the evaluation activities, the purchaser or procurement agency shall announce the list of evaluation experts together with the results of winning the bid and closing the transaction, and mark the evaluation experts selected by themselves.

　　The financial departments at all levels, the purchaser and the relevant staff of the procurement agency shall not disclose the personal information of the evaluation experts.

　　Twenty-first buyers or procurement agencies shall, within 5 working days after the end of the evaluation activities, record the performance of the duties of the evaluation experts in the government procurement credit evaluation system.

　　Evaluation experts can query the record of their duties in the government procurement credit evaluation system, and explain the relevant situation.

　　The financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may set the ladder extraction probability according to factors such as the performance of the evaluation experts.

　　Twenty-second evaluation experts shall, within 5 working days after the end of the evaluation activities, record the performance of the duties of the purchaser or the procurement agency in the government procurement credit evaluation system.

　　Twenty-third projects in the centralized procurement catalogue shall be paid by the centralized procurement institution for the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts; For projects outside the centralized procurement catalogue, the purchaser shall pay the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts.

　　Article 24 The financial department of the people’s government at the provincial level shall, according to the actual situation, formulate the remuneration standards for the evaluation experts in this region. The central budget unit shall pay the labor remuneration of the evaluation experts according to the standards of the place where the unit is located or where the evaluation activities are located.

　　Twenty-fifth evaluation experts to participate in the evaluation of different places, the round-trip inter-city transportation, accommodation and other actual expenses, according to the corresponding standards of travel management measures implemented by the purchaser to the purchaser or centralized procurement institutions credentials reimbursement.

　　Twenty-sixth evaluation experts leave the evaluation site without completing the evaluation work, or there are illegal acts in the evaluation activities, and shall not receive labor remuneration and reimbursement of travel expenses for evaluation in different places. Personnel other than the evaluation experts shall not receive remuneration for evaluation services.

　　Chapter IV Supervision and Management of Appraisal Experts

　　Twenty-seventh review experts not in accordance with the provisions of the procurement documents review procedures, methods and standards for independent review or disclosure of review documents, review, by the financial sector to give a warning, and impose a fine of 2000 yuan to 20 thousand yuan; Those who affect the bid-winning and transaction results will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　If there is an interest relationship between the evaluation experts and suppliers, they will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and they will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　If the evaluation experts accept bribes from purchasers, procurement agencies or suppliers or obtain other illegitimate interests, which constitutes a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and it shall be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　The evaluation experts have the above-mentioned illegal acts, and their evaluation opinions are invalid; Illegal income, confiscate the illegal income; If losses are caused to others, they shall bear civil liability according to law.

　　Twenty-eighth buyers, procurement agencies found that the evaluation experts have illegal acts, they should promptly report to the financial department of the purchaser.

　　Twenty-ninth applicants or evaluation experts in any of the following circumstances, included in the record of bad behavior:

　　(1) Failing to conduct independent evaluation according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the procurement documents;

　　(two) disclosure of review documents, review;

　　(3) Having an interest relationship with the supplier and not avoiding it;

　　(4) Accepting bribes from purchasers, procurement agencies or suppliers or obtaining other illegitimate interests;

　　(5) Providing false application materials;

　　(6) Refusing to perform legal obligations such as cooperating with suppliers to answer inquiries, queries and complaints;

　　(seven) to engage in activities that undermine the credibility of government procurement as an expert.

　　Thirtieth buyers or procurement agencies that fail to select and use evaluation experts in accordance with the provisions of these Measures shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the Government Procurement Law and relevant laws and regulations.

　　Article 31 If any staff member of the financial department abuses his power, neglects his duty, engages in malpractices for personal gain and other violations of law and discipline in the evaluation of expert management, he shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, such as the Government Procurement Law, the Civil Service Law, the Administrative Supervision Law and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law. Those suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Thirty-second representatives of the purchaser participating in the evaluation activities and the management of evaluation experts selected by the purchaser according to law shall be implemented with reference to these measures.

　　Article 33 Where the State has other provisions on the selection and selection of evaluation experts, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Thirty-fourth financial departments of the provincial people’s governments may, in accordance with the provisions of these measures, formulate specific implementation measures.

　　Article 35 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　　Article 36 These Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2017. The Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Evaluation Experts issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Supervision on November 17, 2003 (Caiku [2003] No.119) shall be abolished at the same time.

China is the largest fruit province, which has been underestimated for a long time. The original old artist’s nine lines are included in the topic # 55 contents of Scenery.

When it comes to the topic of fruit freedom, it seems that northerners are not as high-pitched as southerners. They envy the freedom of litchi in Guangdong and the large number of civilians in Guangxi, and durian and cherries are far apart.

Once someone in the circle of friends basks in the big and sweet kiwifruit, they envy at the bottom and say, "You southerners are so happy and tearful!" It is embarrassing to turn to the origin of kiwifruit. Unexpectedly, Shaanxi talents are the bosses who sit facing south and have the last laugh.

△ Shaanxi kiwifruit, hidden at a good price. /Weibo screenshot

Many people don’t know that Shaanxi, a hidden fruit province in the north, is definitely going to take the lead. In most people’s minds, Shaanxi may be blurred by carbohydrate and the Loess Plateau. In fact, it is "the largest fruit province in China"-although the fruit output is not equal to that of Shandong, according to the data released by Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics, the total orchard area in Shaanxi Province is as high as 17,317,200 mu, ranking first in the country.

Looking at the resume of Shaanxi fruit, these figures are amazing: the planting area and output of apples and kiwifruit in Shaanxi ranks first in the world, the cherry area ranks second in the country and the grape ranks third in the country. One out of every seven apples and five kiwifruits in the world comes from Shaanxi.

No wonder Shaanxi people don’t care about the freedom of cherries of southerners. They have already returned home with sweet and cheap apples and kiwis. When many people cry for a five-dollar kiwi fruit in New Zealand, Shaanxi people smile without saying a word. You know, they only sell for four or five dollars a catty.

△ Sitting at the top of the national fruit freedom contempt chain, Shaanxi people must have a seat.

China is the first fruit province, why is it?

When it comes to Shaanxi, the impression of the Loess Plateau in my mind is really profound, which is 108,000 miles away from the imagination of the first fruit province.

If you spread out the map and look at Shaanxi carefully, you won’t cause such misunderstanding. Shaanxi is located in the middle of Chinese mainland, and China’s "geodetic origin" is located in Jingyang, Shaanxi.

If Guangxi, a major fruit province, is included horizontally, then Shaanxi is absolutely vertical. Shaanxi has a long and narrow terrain, which is short from east to west and long from north to south, just spanning eight latitudes, including wet, semi-humid, arid and semi-arid areas, and three temperature zones, such as middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone and subtropical zone.

△ The long and narrow Shaanxi is all-encompassing. /google map

Usually, for the convenience of memory, we will say that Shaanxi is like "three provinces". Beishan and Qinling divide Shaanxi into three geographical plates with great differences-the northern Shaanxi is the loess plateau that everyone remembers the most, the Guanzhong in the middle is the plains thousands of miles away, and the southern Shaanxi is a warm and rainy mountain.

In Shaanxi, the scenery and folk customs between the north and the south are very different. From north to south, you can see the unique landforms of China-you can see the boundless yellow sand and mud, the towering Qinling Mountains, and the endless grasslands and paddy fields with white walls and black tiles …

△ There is also a "small Jiangnan" style in southern Shaanxi. /vision china

The complex climate, rich soil, sufficient light and precipitation give fruits unique nutrients.

Seen from north to south, the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi seems to be full of valleys and valleys, and the soil is loose, so it is difficult to grow crops and grains. However, the temperature-loving and cold-resistant apples are adapted to such an environment-high altitude, sufficient sunlight, thick soil layer, neutral and alkaline, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, pests and diseases are not suitable for reproduction, and the fruit has high sugar storage and stronger flavor.

△ Shaanxi mountain apples are too tempting. /tuchong creativity

Shaanxi is definitely a proper apple province. "Red Fuji is rooted in the loess slope" has been sung into the lyrics of "Xintianyou" in northern Shaanxi. Astronaut Tang Hongbo ate Shaanxi apples at the China Space Station.

The Loess Plateau is the only region in the world that meets the seven meteorological indicators of the best apple breeding area. By the end of 2020, the total apple planting area in Shaanxi reached 9,302,700 mu and the output reached 11,852,100 tons.

△ Shaanxi apples have become the fruits of astronauts.

If northern Shaanxi is Guoguo Hong, kiwifruit must have dyed the Guanzhong area green.

Guanzhong is surrounded by the most developed Weihe River system in the northwest. Zhouzhi in Xi ‘an and Meixian in Baoji are under the main peak of Qinling Mountains. They belong to temperate continental monsoon climate, with fertile soil, high organic matter content, sufficient sunshine time and superior ecological conditions, which make the kiwi fruit juice water grown here sweet and rich, soft and dense, and the taste is sometimes described as a mixture of strawberries, bananas and pineapples.

△ Zhouzhi and Meixian are the hometown of kiwifruit. /tuchong creativity

Of course, in such a superior Guanzhong plain, its fruit types also occupy the C position in Shaanxi-almost every county in Xi’ an has a fruit signboard to play.

Take Lintong as an example. Pomegranate and fire crystal persimmon here are the most irreplaceable fruit categories, and they have always been the tribute of the emperor.

△ Lintong Pomegranate and fire crystal persimmon are representatives of Shaanxi scenery.

The peaches in Weinan, Xianyang, Baoji and other places in Guanzhong area are also a must. According to the color of the pulp, they are divided into three types: yellow, white and red. The meat is tender and sweet as honey.

Hutai No.8 grape in Huxian county looks like colored glass at first sight, and it is like agate when it is clustered. It is described by local people as "it will be sweet to the same place after eating".

△ Guanzhong Peach and Hutai No.8 are so sweet that people are spinning around.

To the mountainous area in southern Shaanxi, it must be the yellow of tangerine. Located in the south of Qinling Mountains and adjacent to Sichuan Basin, Hanzhong Chenggu is blessed with the moist Han River, high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south, deep soil layer and mild climate. The citrus grown here is delicate and sweet.

Further to Ankang in the east, there are white river papaya, which is called "Qiandao Lake in Shaanxi Province". There is a vast expanse of smoke and plenty of water to nourish the surrounding area. The fresh and sweet loquat here does not lose the warmth of southern fruits.

△ Oranges born in Huainan are oranges, and the mountainous areas in southern Shaanxi are suitable for planting tangerines. /tuchong creativity

How do we eat in Shaanxi fruit stalls all year round?

Others travel to Shaanxi on the surface of carbon water, but the old artist thinks that it may be an excellent route to travel to Shaanxi according to the fruits of the four seasons.

If Guangxi is a fruit basket, Shaanxi must be a long and narrow fruit stall, which covers a wide variety from north to south, and we can find the fruits we want all year round.

In spring, the strawberries in Chang ‘an are just mouth watering in February. In April, on the north slope of Bailuyuan, cherry blossoms are everywhere. After Qingming, the trees are covered with bright red cherries. Those who have eaten Shaanxi cherries can really understand why Shaanxi people don’t care about the freedom of cherries.

△ The cherries in Bailuyuan make people forget cherries. /tuchong creativity

Summer is the season to eat melons. Watermelon in Dali is famous for its pulp, sweet taste, plenty of water and rich nutrition. It is an artifact for people in Xi ‘an to relieve summer heat.

Yanliang, Xi ‘an is not only a flight base, but also the melons here are as famous as it, soft and juicy, with fine meat and crystal clear. The "continuous melon" mentioned in the Book of Songs refers to it.

△ Yanliang Melon must have a name.

Near autumn, no one in Shaanxi can refuse the "purple pearl" grapes in Huxian County.

According to legend, Zhang Jian went to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty to "take Putao (grapes) from Dawan and plant them next to the Palace Museum". This was the first recorded grape introduction event in history, and Shaanxi and Gansu became the distribution center of China grapes, scattered all over Shaanxi. Linwei District of Weinan has a modern grape industrial park covering an area of 200,000 mu, which is called "the hometown of grapes in China".

Chang ‘an during the Silk Road period is undoubtedly the highlight moment of Shaanxi fruit in history. Pomegranate also settled in Lintong. Lintong Pomegranate, the ancestor of China pomegranate, has a large skin, rich seeds and juicy juice, and bright colors like rubies. Bai Juyi’s poem praised it well: "The blood cells in the sunshine will drip to the ground, and the wind will turn the flame to burn people."

Fire crystal persimmon was a leader among persimmons before he went out of The Longest Day In Chang’an. His skin was thin, seedless, fine, soft, waxy, delicious and sweet. It became the latest standard to suck fire crystal persimmon while eating mutton in a basin in Xi ‘an. You can suck "a nest of honey" by inserting a straw.

And if you want to taste sweet persimmon, Fuping persimmon in Weinan is indispensable. It is recognized as the most suitable variety for making persimmon. When it is hung and dried naturally, when it is covered with icing, you can eat soft and flexible persimmon.

△ Fu Ping persimmon is sweet to the heart. /tuchong creativity

At the junction of autumn and winter, Dali winter jujube came.

The skin is thin and crisp, the flesh is sweet and crisp, and you can hear the crunchy sound when you bite it. Dali winter jujube also had a wide range of output as early as the Western Han Dynasty, and it was also presented to the court in the name of local tribute, and it was a special tribute to the royal family during the Kangxi period.

△ Dali winter jujube is refreshing, crisp and sweet.

Yanliang and Pucheng crisp pears are also categories that can’t be missed. They are called "mineral water growing on trees". The fruit is big and small, fresh and juicy. Besides fresh food, it can also be processed into pear wine, pear paste and canned food.

Shaanxi is more than just the fruit varieties mentioned above. When it comes to nuts such as red dates, walnuts and chestnuts, Shaanxi people are as straight as their backs.

Except for subtropical and tropical fruits, there are basically fruits in the north and south areas in Shaanxi. According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 52 varieties of fruits in Shaanxi, large and small, and they are not the same all year round. Isn’t this a realistic version of "fruit liankan"?

△ Shaanxi people can play the real version of the fruit.

We Shaanxi people were raised by fruits.

Perhaps the most frequently heard news is the unsalable fruit in Shaanxi. The fruits in Shaanxi are indeed unsalable year after year, and farmers often fall into "the trouble of harvest"-"the vineyard farmers in Liquan are worried that the grapes are ripe, but no merchants are interested." "Xianyang has a bumper harvest of 10,000 mu of watermelon, but it has dropped to about 3 cents a catty, and no one has come to buy it. The melon farmers are dying."

△ In this "era of looking at faces", the slow sales of fruits in Shaanxi are distressing. /Weibo screenshot

After going to college in Shaanxi, you will understand the welfare of "giving away fruits for nothing".

Recently, there was a news screen. Shaanxi Normal University distributed more than 5,000 watermelons free of charge to more than 18,000 students in the dormitory. Pomegranate trees and persimmon trees are planted on campus, and the fruits that teachers and students often eat are persimmons, loquats, pomegranates and so on.

Nowadays, even the most common apples cost seven or eight dollars to eat in some places. Fruit freedom seems to be getting rarer and rarer. Some people have probably converted it. Shaanxi, a big fruit province, produces about 25 kilograms of fruit for everyone in the country in one year.

The fiery pomegranate flower has become the city flower of Xi ‘an. Walking on the streets of Xi ‘an, you can meet a pomegranate tree in a few steps. The fruit stall sign on the street reads "Lintong pomegranate is one yuan, pomegranate juice is ten yuan and three bottles". To outsiders, this price is like Shaanxi people eating fruit, as if it doesn’t cost anything.

△ Shaanxi people eat fruit, as if they really don’t spend any money./Weibo screenshot

Of course, the fruit freedom of Shaanxi people is not born effortlessly.

Just like the 10,000-mu apple orchard growing on the Loess Plateau, it relies on the hands of Chinese people. According to statistics, nearly 10 million mu of apples in Shaanxi can increase the forest coverage rate of the whole province by 3 percentage points, and the Loess Plateau is getting greener and greener, and the credit of fruit farmers is definitely indispensable.

△ The expansion of Shaanxi fruit industry belt has also made Shaanxi green.

One-sixth of the arable land in Shaanxi is orchards, and many towns and villages get rich by growing fruits.

During the harvest season, 75% of the winter jujube in Dali, the first county in China, will be bought out by merchants all at once, and fruit farmers can receive more than 20,000 yuan per mu on average. At present, there are 83,000 jujube farmers engaged in the winter jujube industry in Dali, with an increase of 60,000 yuan per household and an output value of about 5 billion yuan.

The planting area of kiwifruit in the province is 920,000 mu, and the output is 1.16 million tons, ranking first in the country. According to statistics, in 2020, the per capita disposable income of farmers in Meixian County reached 14,895 yuan, of which 80% came from the kiwifruit industry.

△ Getting rid of poverty and getting rich by fruit, Shaanxi people can really.

Nowadays, the apples in Shaanxi are not limited to the original 36 north latitude line north of Weihe River, but have "expanded northward and entered westward" for one or two hundred kilometers each, and came to the west of Baoji and the north of Yan ‘an.

The planting of winter jujube also expanded 400 kilometers north to Yulin, and kiwifruit "expanded eastward and moved southward". Now Weinan, Xi ‘an, Xianyang, Baoji in the northern foot of Qinling Mountain, and even southern Shaanxi in the southern foot of Qinling Mountain are vigorously planting kiwifruit.

It can be said that the fruits of Shaanxi people are free, and four points are doomed, and six points rely on hard work. They really created an enviable fruit landscape with their hands.

△ Shaanxi’s fruit area has expanded, and fruit farmers have made great contributions.

Shaanxi, which is not economically obvious, has diverse customs and humanities. People in northern Shaanxi are considered to be generous, simple and honest, people in Guanzhong are informal, people in southern Shaanxi are inclusive, and Zhong Ling is graceful.

Shaanxi fruits present a rich territory due to their diverse styles, but they always have the same characteristics-the fruits here are as low-key as Shaanxi people, without exquisite packaging and grandstanding marketing.

However, it is superior to a large quantity of delicious food, and the price is friendly to the people. It silently supports the fruit basket of 1.4 billion Chinese, and when everyone cries that there is no fruit freedom, it quietly surprises everyone.

△ Shaanxi people rely on fruit freedom to quietly surprise everyone. /tuchong creativity

References:

Neglected Shaanxi Fruit Life Travel Network

Didn’t expect that, did you China is the largest fruit province, but Shaanxi? Authentic scenery

Who is the first fruit province in China? Produce 25 Jin of fruit for every Chinese every year.

Shaanxi Apple Niu Jinpeng Going to the World

This article is the original content of the signing account [Nine Lines] of Netease News Netease New Humanity Wave Plan, and it is forbidden to reprint it at will without the authorization of the account.

Do you like Shaanxi fruit?

Zhou Zhiruo

Edit | Zhou Zhiruo

Typesetting | Xie Wuji

Proofreading | Wu Yuyan

The pictures in this article are from the Internet.

Original title: "China’s largest fruit province has been underestimated for too long"

Read the original text