Caixin New Century reporter Xie Haitao

　　Liu Liguo, dressed in prison uniform, still has a refined air. Born in 1977, he has a clean and fair face, speaks slowly and has a kind face. From time to time, he touches his delicate black-rimmed glasses with his hands.

　　On December 12, 2012, Liu Liguo appeared in court again for trial. In the eyes of the public in China, he seems to be a villain-he is the main culprit in the manufacturing of the largest gutter oil case in China so far.

　　According to the indictment of the prosecution in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, since December 2007, Liu Liguo has been processing and refining kitchen waste oil into non-edible oil that still contains toxic and harmful substances, knowing that others will pass it off as soybean oil for sale, with sales reaching more than 99.2 million yuan.

　　According to the calculation of 8,000 yuan per ton, the non-edible oil produced by these waste oils is about 12,000 tons. Assuming that all of them flow to the dining table, it is enough for 600,000 Chinese to eat for one year.

　　In August, 2012, the trial of the case once shocked the public all over the country. This case is known as the first case of the whole process of extra-large waste oil in China, involving 58 enterprises, and many well-known food brands were exposed to the use of waste oil, including five listed companies. Henan Jiaozuo Health Yuan Biological Products Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jiaozuo Health Yuan), a subsidiary of Health Yuan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (600380.SH, hereinafter referred to as Health Yuan Company), is the largest terminal buyer of waste oil in this case.

　　The more fundamental reason why this case shocked the whole country is that this case, together with more than 10 cases of gutter oil that were subsequently tried in various provinces, revealed that gutter oil was put on the table on a large scale in China, and it has changed from suspicion to reality.

　　On July 4th, 2011, a campaign of encirclement and suppression of waste oil, which was supervised by the Ministry of Public Security and originated in Zhejiang, started with Jinan wesen Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Green Company) of Liu Liguo, and then swept across Shandong and Henan. The official said that it destroyed a black industrial chain of waste oil, which integrates fishing, crude refining, reselling, deep processing, wholesale and retail.

　　In China, gutter oil has been regarded as a scourge in recent ten years, and it is condemned by many people. In fact, not all cooking waste oil is guilty. In essence, cooking waste oil is also a kind of resource, which has legal uses for manufacturing biodiesel and feed oil.

　　Pingyin County, Shandong Province, where Liu Liguo was engaged in the processing of waste oil, was once the place where the sage Confucius came to give lectures, leaving behind the "apricot altar"; In recent ten years, the production of waste oil has become very popular, and there are many "enterprises", which are rarely investigated. Liu Liguo’s enterprise is only a latecomer, and even until he is caught, his waste oil production scale is not the largest.

　　More than a decade ago, Liu Liguo, who had the idea of "wanting all his brothers and sisters in the family to live a good life", was embarrassed and repeatedly hit a wall. A story about a neighboring village getting rich by cooking oil affected his life path. After he was involved in gutter oil in 2003, he tried to make biodiesel and feed oil from gutter oil for several years, but he was once heavily in debt. According to the prosecution’s allegations, since 2007, he began to use waste oil to make "red oil" on the table.

　　People with insight pointed out that the unique external environment of waste oil in Pingyin County and Linyi City, as well as Liu Liguo’s waste oil road, are worthy of reflection by food supervision departments and governments at all levels. At this level, Liu Liguo’s case is only the starting point for eradicating waste oil from the table.

　　In pursuit of Liu Liguo’s life track, he was not an evil person. The evil flower of gutter oil did not break ground in this land of roses that suffered Confucianism in an instant. Everything happens for a reason. Hannah Arendt, a sage, has a theory of "ordinary evil". In short, an ordinary person, who is in a specific environment and becomes a member of a running machine, is also easy to do evil things because he chooses to "obey".

　　What about Liu Liguo to waste oil? The truth doesn’t seem clear. During the trial, seven defendants, including Liu Liguo and his brother Liu Lihai, his eldest brother-in-law Yu Shuangying and his second brother-in-law Lu Jun, collectively retracted their confessions in court, and lawyers also pleaded not guilty.

　　Analyzing the case outside the court and the turbulent public opinion outside the court seems to reveal that gutter oil is in past lives, China, restore a complex social ecology of gutter oil rivers and lakes, face the misunderstanding of policies in related fields, and even the vacuum of supervision by functional departments, which may provide reference for food safety in China.

　　Liu Liguo’s prequel

　　"If the benefits are good, the aluminum factory will not collapse, and he will not reach this point." In the family courtyard of Pingyin Aluminum Factory, a retired worker talked about Liu Liguo with emotion.

　　Pingyin is a suburban county in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Pingyin Aluminum Factory, located in the suburb of the county, is 1 km south, which is Helou Village in Kongcun Town. Kongcun town was named after the ruins of Confucius’ lectures in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 1977, Liu Liguo was born here, with three sisters and one brother, and his father had been a village party secretary for many years. More than ten years ago, he and his two sisters were admitted to school and jumped out of the farm gate, which was envied by the villagers.

　　In the impression of Liu’s third sister, although Liu Liguo is the youngest in the family, he has been sensible and filial to the elderly since childhood. When he was in primary school, he cooked for himself since the third grade in order not to let his mother get up early every day. He is also a quick-witted and diligent person with great energy. For example, when others play poker and games in their spare time, he looks up information and reads books when he is free.

　　After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Shandong Salt Industry School (later renamed Shandong Light Industry Engineering School), a national key secondary vocational school built in Qingdao, known as the "cradle of golden blue collar". Four years of secondary school study, beautiful and economically developed Qingdao, broadened his horizons. After graduating and returning to Pingyin in 1997, he once wanted to do business and open an electronic goods store, but under the influence of his parents, he entered Pingyin Aluminum Factory.

　　Shandong Pingyin Aluminum Factory, located at the foot of Wolong Mountain, the remaining vein of Mount Tai, is an old state-owned enterprise founded in 1966, which belongs to Shandong Metallurgical Industry Corporation. In the 1980s, it was once brilliant, and it was tied with national cotton, bearing bush and standard parts as the four traditional Pingyin factories, which was a place of envy for the surrounding rural youth.

　　Liujia has an indissoluble bond with Pingyin Aluminum Factory. Not only Liu Liguo, but also the main helper in the waste oil processing plant in the future, and those who ended up behind bars with him, have worked in Pingyin Aluminum Plant for a long time.

　　In 1988, after the first phase expansion of Pingyin Aluminum Factory, Liu Liguo’s brother Liu Lihai entered the aluminum factory. In 1994, the second phase of expansion and recruitment, Liu Liguo’s eldest brother-in-law Yu Shuangying entered the factory. In 1989, Lu Jun, who later became Liu Liguo’s second brother-in-law, was assigned to work in an aluminum factory. Lu Jun, who graduated from Northeastern University, worked as the secretary of the Youth League Committee of the factory, the secretary of the Party branch of the electrolytic workshop, and the vice chairman of the factory’s trade union. He has a good reputation among the old workers. "He is enthusiastic and serious, has a good popularity, and has hosted weddings for many young people."

　　When Liu Liguo entered the factory in 1997, the scenery of Pingyin Aluminum Factory was no longer there. According to a master’s thesis entitled "Research on the Development Strategy of Pingyin Aluminum Factory" published by Shandong University, from 1997 to 2000, although the aluminum factory contracted and concentrated on aluminum management, the debt ratio rose to 93%.

　　Liu Liguo was assigned as a technician in the aluminum profile workshop, with a salary of several hundred yuan in January. Here, he experienced the joy of getting married and the pain of losing his father. He left the impression on his colleagues that his mind was flexible and he solved many technical problems.

　　After 2000, Pingyin Aluminum Factory went from bad to worse, and the staff turnover was serious. Liu Liguo is also thinking about the way out. In the impression of Third Sister, my younger brother has a high spirit and has his own ideas about life. He is the youngest of the brothers and sisters, but he is also the most considered by others. "He wants his brothers and sisters to live a good life."

　　At first, he opened a small supermarket next to the aluminum factory. When the young couple go to work, the supermarket is looked after by their mother. The supermarket has been open for two years and it doesn’t make money.

　　The benefits of the aluminum factory are still declining, and wages cannot be paid. In May and June 2003, Liu Liguo resigned. Borrowing money from relatives and friends, he started Pingyin Changshun Oil Processing Factory.

　　The right path is difficult to travel.

　　Today, there is a small courtyard with a yellow wall on Wanfang Road, where the family courtyard of the aluminum factory is located. The dark red iron gate is rusty, with illegible rental advertisements on it, and the small yard is a row of factories with doors and windows open. The yard like this small workshop is where Liu Liguo started.

　　In 2003, Liu Liguo built a humble factory in a rented small courtyard, hired three or four people and started an oil business. The yard is only thirty or forty meters away from the aluminum factory, and his brothers-in-law came to help after work from the aluminum factory. My brother Liu Lihai was diagnosed with femoral head necrosis this year, and he often took his brother everywhere to seek medical treatment.

　　In the impression of Lao Li, a former colleague of the aluminum factory, at first, Liu Liguo was doing good oil. "At that time, it was to process lard, that is, to remove the color and smell of lard, and then sell it, which is for human consumption." Later, Liu Liguo said in an interview with China Newsweek at the detention center. Lao Li said that Liu Liguo also used raw materials for killing chickens in chicken farms and made chicken oil.

　　In the eyes of his family, when Liu Liguo started his business, it was very bitter. Many things were out of reach, and he tried many times and failed. Around 2004, he also purchased cottonseed oil and palm oil and processed them into feed oil to sell. The oil color is like soy sauce, but it can only be processed for two or three tons a day. In the first two years of going to sea, Liu Liguo lost money because of his inexperience. He borrowed money from relatives and friends one after another, and once owed nearly 2 million yuan. In 2004, Sanjie also helped him borrow money.

　　"No matter how much you lose, you can only go forward." Liu Liguo later said in an interview with China Newsweek. In the third sister’s view, he is a man who can carry on and doesn’t complain to others easily. Sometimes it is very fragile, and when it comes to the pain of starting a business, it will also shed tears.

　　In 2005, it was a turning point for Liu Liguo. At that time, the biodiesel industry in China was still in its infancy, and there was no unified national standard. Liu Liguo, who has a flexible mind, is optimistic about the prospect of biodiesel. This year, he renamed the factory Jinan Zhongxing Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Factory, and prepared to put into production biodiesel.

　　In western developed countries, the waste oil from fried food, animal waste oil and restaurant gutter oil is generally regarded as a resource, which can be recycled into biodiesel and animal feed oil. In China, this road is also regarded as a formal outlet for waste oil.

　　According to Jiefang Daily, in 2005, the raw material of 1 ton of gutter oil in China was still 800 yuan, and by 2006, it had risen to 3,000 yuan/ton. The economic benefits of biodiesel are also considerable. The direct cost of producing 1 ton of biodiesel is about 3,500 yuan, and the market price at that time was about 5,000 yuan per ton.

　　According to China News Weekly, Liu Liguo first spent 100,000 yuan to buy the patented technology of "Pilot Test of Lipid Vegetable Oil Fuel" from the University of Science and Technology of China. After purchasing equipment and technology, the effect was not satisfactory. Liu Liguo sought advice from Ning Shoujian, an expert member of the National Biodiesel Industry Cooperation Group, and finally formed his own technology through joint cooperation and repeated experiments with a research institute in Zhengzhou.

　　Liu Liguo mainly bought waste oil from Beijing as raw material, and the processing technology was only two steps. At that time, there was no standard for biodiesel in China, as long as customers agreed. "It was at this time that I had a deeper understanding of waste oil." Liu Liguo said.

　　At that time, diesel was in short supply, and many gas stations added biodiesel to diesel. Liu Liguo’s business grew day by day, with a monthly net profit of 200,000 to 300,000 yuan at the highest. By 2007, he had almost paid off his debts. During this period, my brother Liu Lihai was on sick leave from the aluminum factory. In the first half of 2006, he also came to the factory to help.

　　The good times didn’t last long. With the decline of diesel price, the market demand for biodiesel decreased. "There was no market later, and PetroChina and Sinopec didn’t want it. Who else could they sell it to?" In his confession, he said that biodiesel was produced for eight or nine months, and the products were mainly sold to the petrochemical company in Tai ‘an. Later, due to quality problems, the company did not want the goods.

　　Liu Liguo’s experience reflects the embarrassment of biodiesel industry. China consumes 90 million tons of diesel oil every year, so biodiesel has great room for development in theory. However, the reality is that many biodiesel enterprises have no suitable development path. The supply of raw materials is one of the constraints, while Sinopec and PetroChina monopolize the diesel supply market, making it difficult for private enterprises to enter the state-owned sales channels, which is also one of the difficulties.

　　After biodiesel was frustrated, in 2007, Liu Liguo transformed again and went further and further on the road of waste oil.

　　Waste oil "base"

　　In 2003, although Liu Liguo was involved in the processing of animal waste oil, he didn’t know much about the waste oil business at this time. Pingyin country has a tradition of running oil mills, but Liu’s family has never set foot in it before. In the eyes of his family, Liu Liguo’s involvement in oils and fats was mainly influenced by Zhu Chuanfeng’s brothers in Guoliugou village.

　　At that time, in Guoliugou Village, a few kilometers southeast of Confucius Village, Zhujia’s oil refining business had been going on for three years. According to insiders, the gutter oil business in Pingyin County was the earliest in Zhujia, and other places followed suit. In the second half of 2011, shortly after Liu Liguo was arrested, the refinery of Zhujia brothers was taken down by Jinan police. In public media reports, the Zhujia brothers’ gutter oil case is called the largest gutter oil case in Shandong Province.

　　Zhu Chuanfeng was born in poverty, his father was a factory salesman, his mother was a farmer, and his four brothers were born to kill pigs. Later, they turned to a flour mill and a grain and oil wholesale store. In 1999, Zhu Chuanfeng brought equipment from the south and began to build an oil plant.

　　Police in Jinan said that at that time, Zhujiajian had built the first production line to produce waste oil from hogwash fat. Jinan police later claimed that Zhujia bought kitchen waste oil from Liaocheng and Tai ‘an in Shandong, Beijing, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other places, produced defatted oil and sold it to Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning and other places.

　　On March 3, 2009, after several years of operation, Zhu’s brother and brother in Guoliugou Village registered and established Jinan Fada Oil Industry Co., Ltd., whose registered business scope is biodiesel processing and sales.

　　The Zhujiajian brothers’ industry is getting bigger and bigger. A villager described its prosperity: the big trailer transporting waste oil raw materials from other places is 20 to 30 meters long, full of diesel barrels, and can have at most five or six cars a day. It comes down from the nearby Xiaozhi Expressway intersection, travels 10 kilometers northbound along National Highway 105, 3 kilometers eastbound from the north of Dongtiangong Village, passes through Wang Xiaotun and Fanpizhuang, and then travels 1 kilometer southbound, and goes straight to Zhujia Factory at the east end of Guoliugou Village.

　　Tankers who come from other places to pull oil usually come at night or Saturday and Sunday. If the day arrives, stop at the nearby Kongcun gas station and wait until it gets dark. In the oil truck, the villagers saw cars in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Jining, Shandong and other places, while an edible oil factory in Tai ‘an came in a few days.

　　The rise of the Zhujiajian family makes people jealous. Rural madness: Zhujia can earn 200,000 to 300,000 yuan a day.

　　Waste cooking oil is made into biodiesel, feed oil and other legal ways, and its profit margin is far less than that of illegal "edible oil". The fundamental reason why gutter oil is on the table is the existence of this profiteering space, and this profiteering method has not been punished for a long time.

　　The raw material oil of gutter oil, known as "crude oil" in the industry, is generally refined from the meal waste pulled out from the restaurant trench, and some of it is refined from the discarded oil of fried food and animal fat. The site of refining "crude oil" (especially the refining of meal waste) is generally extremely dirty, which is scattered by some individual practitioners in the suburbs of various cities. The Zhujia brothers, Liu Liguo and other Pingyin waste oil plants are engaged in the acquisition of "crude oil" and the processing of "red oil".

　　The whole chain of cooking oil on the table is full of illegal interests. Taking the processing of "red oil" as an example, according to Liu Liguo’s later statement, in 2011, the "crude oil" acquired was more than 5,000-6,000 yuan per ton. The main product of his gutter oil factory is refined oil, which is called "red oil" by the industry, and the price is around 8300 yuan. Liu Liguo conservatively said that the production loss per ton of "red oil" is about 800 yuan, and the production cost is about 600 yuan. If you process 1 ton of "crude oil", you will probably earn five or six hundred yuan.

　　Zhujiajian oil plant is not without objection. The villagers said that when the southeast wind blows, most of the villages stink. Because of the strong taste in the village, young people can’t get married, so rich people move to the city to live. The Zhujiajian brothers are overbearing, and the people in the village have great opinions and have no place to mention them.

　　Why don’t environmental protection departments and other government departments check? The villagers’ answer is: every year, people from the government come to check, but the Zhujiajian family can last for half a year with some money. "After a long time, law enforcement officers and Zhujia will mature."

　　In this environment, the Zhujiajian made the industry bigger and bigger, which also attracted the envy of some villagers with thin funds and followed suit. Liu Liguo was of course the most successful imitator, and later became the most powerful competitor of the Zhujiajian brothers in the local area.

　　In addition to Liu Liguo, in 2009, in Dong ‘e Town, west of Confucius Village, a waste oil processing plant has been in operation for a long time in the old workshop of the old paper mill. Here, it is very quiet by the 220 national highway in the west, the short hillside in the east and far from the village. In Jianggou Village, the town, a ginger boss who engaged in sweet potato processing quietly switched to waste oil processing, but it was left unattended for several years. A villager in nearby North Zhang Cun later told Caixin that he thought his superiors allowed him to do so.

　　By January, 2011, Wang Zigang, Yu Shubin, Song Qinghua and others from Kongcun had established Jinan Taixin Oil Industry Co., Ltd. in partnership on the south hillside of Jingou Village, west of Kongcun Town. At 3 kilometers south of Confucius Village and south of Dongtiangong Village, Zhao Jingyu, Qu Hou and others from Confucius Village also set up Jinan Zhengcheng Feed Co., Ltd. in partnership.

　　According to Liu Liguo’s confession, there are at least five waste oil enterprises in Pingyin County alone.

　　Linyi is another gathering place of waste oil enterprises in Shandong Province, and Liu Liguo later reported four enterprises here. They also lack corresponding supervision and exist openly for many years.

　　"Advanced" gutter oil

　　For several years, Chen Junshi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of China CDC, repeatedly told the media that the problem of cooking oil in China is not serious, because the technology of cooking oil with cooking oil is complicated, which is difficult for ordinary people to master, and the refining cost is expensive, which is not worth the loss.

　　However, in a public occasion a few months ago, Chen Junshi admitted to many media reporters including Caixin that he had underestimated the present situation of cooking oil on the table. What’s more, what Chen Junshi has learned shows that many enterprises involved in gutter oil crimes not only have mastered the refining technology, but also have a high level. Many food safety experts believe that there must be professional oil experts involved in the production of waste oil.

　　If the prosecution is admitted by the court, Liu Liguo is engaged in the processing of waste oil, which is the most important part of this "advanced" waste oil business.

　　Around 2007, Liu Liguo started his own transformation of waste oil business in the small yard next to Pingyin Aluminum Factory. For his business after 2007, Ningbo police and prosecutors directly stated that he was producing waste oil for consumption, but he denied it in court and retorted that he was only producing feed oil beyond the business scope.

　　Processing waste cooking oil into feed oil for feed production is another legal way to utilize waste cooking oil. However, the production of feed-grade mixed oil must obtain the permission of the provincial agricultural department, and Liu Liguo’s company has never obtained the permission.

　　In the domestic feed oil market, manufacturers without production licenses account for a large proportion, and many enterprises’ feed oil eventually flows, and there are also regulatory blind spots. It is unknown whether there are enterprises that import waste oil products into the edible oil market in the name of feed oil.

　　On March 9, 2009, Liu Liguo rented a 1,300-square-meter workshop in Jixi Industrial Park in Pingyin County with a registered capital of 500,000 yuan, and established Jinan Bohui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Bohui Company). The company claims that it can produce 10,000 tons of biological wax and 20,000 tons of refined feed oil annually.

　　In May 2010, Liu Liguo registered and established Jinan wesen Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Green Company). According to the industrial and commercial archives, the company has a registered capital of 1 million yuan, and its general business projects are the production and sales of biodiesel, oleic acid, stearic acid and fatty acids. His family told Caixin reporter that the actual total investment of Green Company was nearly 10 million yuan, and Liu Liguo borrowed nearly 2 million yuan from relatives and friends, and borrowed nearly 2 million yuan.

　　According to the oil processing experts told Caixin reporter, in fact, the use of "crude oil" to produce feed oil and biodiesel is mainly in different directions, and some technical processes in the early stage are not very different. Lawyer Wang Silu also believes that Green’s biodiesel equipment can be used to produce feed oil after simple transformation except for individual process equipment. After the feed oil reaches a certain acid value, it is easy to be transported into the edible oil market.

　　Huang Changshui, a buyer of "crude oil" in Ningbo, is one of the raw material suppliers of Liu Liguo’s enterprises. After his arrest, Huang Changshui said that he met Li Shujun (who was in charge of purchasing raw materials in Liu Liguo’s enterprise) in the first half of 2009. At that time, Li Shujun measured his oil with an instrument and thought that the acid price was high, so he didn’t buy it. Huang Changshui judged that Li Shujun had a high demand for oil. Unlike industrial oil, it was probably used for cooking oil.

　　Acid value is a sign of free fatty acid content in fat. Generally, the smaller the acid value, the better the quality of oil. Generally, the finished fourth-grade soybean oil has an acid value of ≤ 3.0; First-class soybean oil, acid value ≤0.2. The acid value of feed-grade mixed oil is ≤20.

　　After the incident, many core managers of Green Company confessed the production process of the company: basically, more than 30 tons of "crude oil" was delivered to the company every day. After unloading, someone will test the moisture and acidity in the "crude oil". For "crude oil", Green’s requirements are that the water content should not exceed 7% and the acid value should not exceed 15. "Crude oil" is heated and melted and sent to the hydrolysis workshop. There are nine iron cans in the hydrolysis workshop. Workers put clay and activated carbon in the iron cans for adsorption and filtration. After this processing, the color of "crude oil" becomes clear and the smell becomes smaller.

　　After that, "crude oil" will enter the distillation workshop for high-temperature distillation to remove impurities, sour taste and spicy taste again; Finally, the "crude oil" enters the fractionation workshop, and the distilled "crude oil" is physically diverted to form products, of which 30% to 40% are fatty acids and 60% to 70% are red oil.

　　Among Green’s products, fatty acids are by-products. The ex-factory price of "red oil" is more than 8,000 yuan per ton, which is the company’s main profit item. Its acidity requirement is about 2, which has basically reached the standard of four-grade soybean oil.

　　According to the information of the prosecution, after processing, "red oil" has no odor, looks clean, and its color is darker than that of edible oil. Its main indicators are close to that of edible oil, but it has no fragrance, but it is a little spicy.

　　Li Shujun confessed that when customers have requirements for oil products to be spicy, he will arrange workers to taste the spicy degree of oil. Li Shujun also tasted it once and retched for several days. If the oil has a spicy taste, it should be distilled at high temperature to deodorize it. Generally, the temperature of distillation is controlled at about 270 degrees. If the oil is a little spicy, the temperature will be raised to 290 degrees. But this method can not completely remove the spicy taste, but can only reduce it.

　　Ordinary workers are unaware of the company’s production situation. Yang Honglei, an employee, confessed that during the processing, workers were not allowed to bring outsiders into the factory, nor were they allowed to cross posts, and they were not allowed to ask questions at ordinary times. In the refined oil workshop, the east gate is usually locked, and the west gate is closed, so workers have to close the door behind them when they enter and leave.

　　In fact, Green Company pollutes the surrounding environment greatly. In the impression of Feng Sister-in-law, a villager on the nearby Diaoshanpo, on the afternoon of April 22, 2010, there was a smoky smell. "It was a smell of dead cats and rotten dogs, which smoked people except retching, and then they had a headache." Since then, the roses planted near the company will die for no reason, the fruits on the fruit trees will turn black and fall off, and rabbits and chickens will die of respiratory infection. The victims petitioned several times, but to no avail.

　　Before Liu Liguo’s company was raided by the police, all procedures were legal. In October 2010, Shandong Academy of Sciences issued an environmental impact report, saying that the project construction is feasible from the perspective of environmental impact. In August 2010, the feasibility study report of the project made by Jinan Engineering Consulting Institute stated that the project recycled waste oil to produce biodiesel, which protected the urban and rural environment and effectively prevented waste oil from flowing into the dining table.

　　"The absence of government supervision is an important reason for the proliferation of manufacturing and selling’ gutter oil’." Liu Liguo’s defense lawyer, Wang Silu, once said in court that the long-term existence of gutter oil production and sales is the long-term default of the government based on the consideration of promoting regional economy; This phenomenon is tantamount to sending a signal to the local people in Pingyin County, making them generally believe that it is not illegal to manufacture and sell gutter oil.

　　Ding Shihui, deputy head of the Public Security Corps of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Bureau, who was in charge of investigating the case of Green Company, also believed that the biggest difficulty in dealing with food safety problems lies in local protection. In an interview with Xinmin Weekly, he said: "For the sake of taxation and political achievements, (relevant departments) turned a deaf ear to the problems existing in the jurisdiction and even reported by the people many times, and even formed a community of interests with illegal manufacturers."

　　Inter-provincial chain

　　Another thing that worries food safety experts has been verified in the largest gutter oil case in China: in the process of manufacturing and selling gutter oil, one enterprise is often only responsible for one section, and its raw materials and finished products are often transferred and sold across regions or even provinces, which is very difficult to investigate.

　　A complete process chain of illegal waste cooking oil generally consists of digging and collecting waste cooking oil, crude refining "crude oil", refining "red oil" and adding edible oil. "Red oil" has many names in the market, and illegally entering the edible market is called "rice bran oil". Generally speaking, in the black chain of gutter oil, "rice bran oil" can be sold as "refined oil" after blending with edible oil.

　　The sale of Green Company’s "Red Oil" is a "trade secret" and Liu Liguo is personally responsible for it. According to the prosecution’s materials, if there is "goods" to be delivered, Liu Liguo will contact the driver at noon or afternoon the day before and give them the telephone number of the consignee. Not only does the source of "crude oil" come from all over the country, but Liu Liguo’s finished product "red oil" is also sold in other provinces.

　　In 2009, Liu Liguo’s customer network has basically taken shape. This year, he reconnected with Cheng Jiangping, who is an oil business intermediary. In February of that year, through his introduction, I met Yuan Yi, who runs a grand grain and oil firm in Qingfeng grain and oil market in Henan.

　　Yuan Yi started cooking oil in 2008. According to Liu Liguo’s confession, in June and July of 2009, after Bohui Company was put into production, Yuan Yilu continued to import oil from Liu Liguo. Her requirement for "red oil" was that the acid value should not exceed 2 and the taste should not be spicy. Yuan Yi has to pay the introducer Cheng Jiangping and 1000 yuan a commission for each car fuel.

　　Yuan took a handful of oil from Liu Liguo and called it "rice bran oil". In her Qingfeng market, many people are selling "rice bran oil". She later confessed that in business, others are also doing "rice bran oil" business, and this piece is also profitable, and it is also a variety in her entire product structure, and customers have needs; Without such low-end products, it will have an impact on the sales of other high-end products.

　　Ningbo police later accused Yuan Yiming of knowing that Liu Liguo’s kitchen waste oil was processed into refined oil, but he still bought it in large quantities, sold it to Liu Hanju in Xinxiang, Henan Province and Qiao Xinbao’s grain and oil company in Sanmenxia at a higher price, or sold it to the canteen and night stalls on the construction site through canned retail, causing the kitchen waste oil to flow back to the dining table, with sales reaching 3 million yuan.

　　In June 2009, Liu Liguo learned from the delivery driver that a batch of oil that Yuan Yi wanted from Bohui Company was sent to Henan Wellcome Grease Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Wellcome Company). This is a company engaged in oil, edible oil and other businesses. Its chairman Bu Qingfeng also runs Henan Qinglong Trading Co., Ltd.. In August and September of that year, Su Feng, Ma Guofu and Cui Rufeng from Henan province and Liu Zhanliang from Hebei province first pulled oil from Bohui Company and resold it to Wellcome Company.

　　In October 2009, Liu Liguo found the information of Wellcome Company and Chen Baogang, the general manager of Qinglong Company, and went to Zhengzhou to find Chen Baogang with a bottle of "red oil" samples. In the absence of Chen Baogang, Liu Liguo left sample oil and business cards in the office.

　　Since then, Chen Baogang introduced Liu Liguo to Wellcome Company. Since the second half of 2009, Wellcome has successively imported more than 7,000 tons of oil from Liu Liguo, becoming its biggest customer in one fell swoop. In Chen Baogang’s impression, Liu Liguo wears glasses, is quite tall and has a flexible brain. He said that he is doing many bioenergy projects, such as developing biodiesel.

　　Ningbo police later accused Wellcome of blending the inferior refined oil purchased from Liu Liguo into normal soybean oil and selling it to food enterprises such as Henan Longxiang Food Co., Ltd., with a total sales volume of more than 160 tons and a sales volume of more than 1.5 million yuan; It was sold to more than 50 enterprises such as Henan Muhe Feed Co., Ltd. for feed production and drug processing, with a total sales of more than 30,000 tons and sales of 300 million yuan; It accused Qinglong Company of doing the same thing and selling it to Jiaozuo Health Yuan Company for the production of drugs, with sales of nearly 50 million yuan.

　　In 2009, Liu Liguo also expanded the local business in Pingyin. In the "feed oil" rivers and lakes, Pingyin people Yu Haibo and Xing Hongsheng did not set foot in it at first.

　　In 2006, Yu Haibo registered Jinan Qianmen Business Center, bought four-grade soybean oil from all places at low prices and sold it to Shandong Qifa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to earn the difference. In 2008, he got a bottle of sample gutter oil from Chuanbo Zhu, Guoliugou Village, and went to Qifa Company for inspection. The inspectors of the pharmaceutical factory said that the sample was qualified. Yu Haibo decided to get oil from Zhujiajian. By October 2009, the merchant found Liu Liguo and began to import oil from Bohui Company, and transported about 3,500 tons before and after.

　　In the second half of 2010, through Cheng Jiangping’s introduction, Liu Liguo also met Li Guangsheng, a native of Xi ‘an. Li Guangsheng usually rents a tanker from Linyi to transport oil.

　　In the later court, Liu Liguo and others were accused of six criminal facts:

　　Knowing that the other party is engaged in edible oil business, or knowing that the other party will blend the non-edible oil purchased from it with normal soybean oil, and then sell it in the name of normal soybean oil, the non-edible oil processed from kitchen waste oil is sold to: Liaocheng Changquan Grain and Oil Industrial Company of Shandong Province operated by Yang Jiquan, with a sales volume of 5.69 million yuan; Sales to Yuan Yi or Yibao Grain and Oil Business Department of Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province and Sanmenxia Xintai Grain and Oil Co., Ltd. operated by Liu Hanju and Qiao Xinbao respectively with Yuan Yi and Cheng Jiangping as intermediaries, with sales reaching 3.08 million yuan; Sales to Wellcome Company and Qinglong Company, with sales reaching 66.18 million yuan; Sales to Jinan Qianmen Business Center, with sales of 16.83 million yuan; Sales to Liu Zhanliang’s Shunfa Grain and Oil Distribution Office in Xingtai Development Zone, Hebei Province, with sales reaching 7.04 million yuan; It was sold to Shaanxi Gufeng Grain and Oil Industry and Trade Company in Li Guangsheng, with a sales volume of 1.32 million yuan.

　　Hit hard

　　At 4: 00 am on July 4, 2011, drivers Liu Fanjin and Shi Baoyu drove to deliver the goods as usual. They unloaded oil in a factory without a factory name in the suburb of Sanmenxia. This is a deal under the surveillance of the police, and it is also the last business done by Green Company.

　　On the afternoon of July 4, Mrs. Feng, a resident, mowed grass in the field and saw many people coming near her home. Some people in police uniforms, some with cameras, rushed to Green Company from the cornfield above the orchard …

　　Liu Liguo was taken away at the gate of Bohui Company. According to Xinmin Weekly, he hurried downstairs with a phone in one hand and a car key in the other, and was held down just before he walked to the Mitsubishi SUV. Afterwards, he learned that he knew that some policemen had rushed into Green’s company and was looking for someone to inquire about the origin of these policemen.

　　On June 6, 2011, before January, Green Company completed the equipment transformation, and the production capacity increased from 30 tons of refined oil per day before 2011 to 60 tons per day.

　　His customer base was still expanding. Hebei people Sun Weidong and Sun Huping are engaged in edible oil wholesale in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. Since 2010, they have bought 100 tons of oil five times. Guo Zhiqin, Fushun, Liaoning Province, began to send cars to transport oil in May 2011, and transported about 200 tons. Guo case was included in the top ten gutter oil cases announced by the Ministry of Public Security in 2011.

　　At this time, in Guoliugou village, the Zhujiajian brothers built a new factory, and the two factories can produce 100 tons of oil every day. In the south of Jingou Village, Taixin Company in Wang Zigang can produce about 30 tons of oil every day; Zhengcheng Feed Co., Ltd. opened by Zhao Jingyu produces about 30 tons of oil every day.

　　When the business of ditch oil plants in Pingyin is booming, the end point is approaching. On March 30, 2011, when Green Company had not started construction, Huang Changshui, who bought "crude oil" in Ningbo, was questioned by Ninghai police on suspicion of producing and selling food that did not meet the hygiene standards. The eyes of the police were drawn to Pingyin. A week ago, the salesman sent by Li Shujun also bought 185 barrels of "crude oil" from Huang Changshui …

　　Only two weeks after Liu Liguo was arrested, on July 20, 2011, Jinan Public Security Bureau filed a case investigation against the developed company in Guoliugou Village. The police later claimed that 16 people, including Zhu Chuanfeng, were arrested, and the first major case of producing and selling waste oil in Shandong Province was detected. At the same time, three enterprises, including Taixin Company and Zhengcheng Company, were destroyed, 38 suspects were arrested and five waste oil production lines were sealed up. The waste oil factory in the old paper mill in Dong ‘e Town was reported as early as November 2010, and was ordered by Dong ‘e Town Government to stop production, so the boss surnamed Jiang escaped.

　　In August, 2012, under the jurisdiction designated by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Supreme People’s Court, it was examined and prosecuted by the Ningbo Procuratorate and tried by the Ningbo Intermediate People’s Court. The relevant defendants were tried in three groups according to the production and sales links.

　　In the trial on August 22nd, seven people, including Liu Liguo, collectively retracted their confessions, and both the prosecution and the defense debated whether the defendant "knowingly and intentionally" and whether the evidence could prove that the products were "toxic and harmful food" and "fake and inferior products".

　　In court, Liu Liguo spoke clearly and logically, which left a deep impression on people. He said that he didn’t know what he bought his oil for, and there was no report that someone had health problems after eating it.

　　Nie Jianhua, deputy director of the Public Prosecution Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, said in an interview with People’s Daily that it was very difficult to punish crimes endangering food safety. First, it is difficult to prove, including the intentional proof of the suspect’s subjective crime, the proof of the amount of crime, and the characteristics of cross-regional joint crime have also increased the difficulty of obtaining evidence; Second, it is difficult to obtain the necessary expert conclusions for prosecuting charges and finalizing the case.

　　By December 12, 2012, the case was heard again in the anxious waiting of Liu’s family. The prosecution changed the criminal facts of Liu Liguo involving Li Guangsheng. The lawyer will plead not guilty again.

　　Four men were arrested in Liujia, Pingyin, which caused the family to collapse half the sky. The postcards written by Liu Liguo from the detention center made my sisters cry. He was worried about his old mother, but he didn’t forget to explain: it started with him, and he was responsible for the monthly living expenses of his men, so as to feed them …

　　At this time, the families of other trench oil cases in Pingyin County are also suffering. In Pingyin County People’s Hospital, a waste oil factory owner is still lying in a hospital bed. The villagers said that in the Jinan police action in 2011, he could not accept the reality and committed suicide, injuring his cervical vertebra, which was in danger of paralysis. He told Caixin reporter, "No way, I caught up."

　　In Guoliugou village, Zhu Chuanfeng’s 70-year-old mother sometimes rides a tricycle through the factory. Three of her four sons were taken away, and she often wiped her tears. In the case of Zhujia, the judicial progress has not been made public.

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Summer is the season to lose weight, and all kinds of "body PK" are constantly staged in the streets and alleys. Summer is also a good time for exercise. The metabolism of the human body is vigorous, and the calorie intake is relatively easy to be consumed, which reduces the conversion rate of fat. At this time, weight loss can get twice the result with half the effort.

Weight loss mainly depends on diet management and physical exercise, plus behavioral intervention. It is said that "three points exercise, seven points diet", which shows that diet is more important than exercise. However, whether it is a high-protein diet or a low-fat and low-carbon diet, there are very few people who can persist in losing weight.

Today, I will introduce you to a "fast food" method that most people can stick to.

Emphasize rhythmic attention to when to eat.

"Guidelines for Medical Nutrition Treatment of Overweight/Obesity in China (2021)" points out that "light fasting", also called intermittent energy restriction diet, is a dietary pattern of fasting or giving limited energy intake within a specified period according to certain rules. "Fast food" originated from religious Ramadan, such as Muslim Ramadan, China Taoism and so on.

Modern "fast food" is different from long-term dieting, which emphasizes rhythm, not only what to eat, but also when to eat. "Fast food" can be regarded as a way of eating, a time arrangement that cycles between fasting (or reducing calorie intake) and non-fasting.

What are the eating patterns of "light fasting"? According to the different intermittent time, there are several popular and clinically verified ones:

Is to eat food one day and only drink water the other. Of course, it is not a simple "eat and drink a day, and eat nothing for a day". What to eat on fasting day and opening day is also particular. Generally speaking, you can relax the restrictions and eat delicious and comfortable on the opening day, but you should not eat high-calorie foods at will. It is best to eat foods with high nutritional density, including coarse grains, protein, high-quality fat and fresh fruits and vegetables. Fasting days can be carried out in two ways: one is strictly fasting, without any calories, only drinking water and tea or black coffee without additives; A food that is allowed to consume about 25% energy, that is, about 500 kilocalories, and is mainly composed of high-quality protein and fruits and vegetables.

Out of seven days in a week, two consecutive days are randomly selected, and only 25% of the normal energy is consumed, about 600 kilocalories for men and 500 kilocalories for women, and the rest five days are relatively normal. This diet-controlled diet is a reliable diet that is internationally recognized at present. China’s latest authoritative weight loss guide "Blue Book of Obesity Prevention and Control in China" also recommends this method. It is pointed out in the book that "5+2 fasting" can improve weight and metabolism without serious adverse reactions. Scientific "fast food" is not only to control the total calorie intake, but also to ensure nutrition as much as possible, to ensure that staple food, meat, vegetables, eggs, milk and other foods are ingested, so as to effectively avoid nutritional imbalance. Of course, we must choose "three low and one high" foods, that is, foods with low fat, low calorie, low GI (glycemic index) and high protein, and at the same time ensure enough drinking water. Eat normally on non-fasting days, because eating too little will reduce the basal metabolic rate, but it will affect the weight loss.

In a day, you only eat at will at certain times, such as the very popular "16+8 fast food", which means you only eat within 8 hours and don’t eat at other times. For example, have brunch in the morning (around 10 o’clock), eat normally at noon, and finish dinner in advance (before 6 o’clock). Food selection should also pay attention to choosing more healthy foods, avoiding fried and high-sugar foods, reducing the intake of salt and monosodium glutamate, drinking less soup and not eating snacks, otherwise it will be difficult to get results.

There is no obvious difference between these methods, but exercise is essential to achieve weight loss. Fasting days can reduce exercise, and non-fasting days should be combined with exercise, especially resistance exercise, to reduce muscle loss and achieve the goal of "losing weight faster and healthier".

Dialectical treatment is carried out under the guidance of doctors.

It is important to lose weight, and so is "fast food". Due to the existence of individual differences, it is necessary to treat it dialectically whether it is good or not. Please pay attention to the possible negative effects before starting "fast food", and it is recommended to do it under the guidance of a doctor.

① Long-term fasting and low dietary calories of gastrointestinal diseases will lead to atrophy or even disappearance of villi of gastrointestinal mucosa, which will cause a series of gastrointestinal discomfort.

(2) People who are weak in malnutrition or who have a partial eclipse rashly stop eating, which may lead to malnutrition, make the body weaker, and even have symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, palpitation and sallow complexion.

③ Pay attention to the adverse reactions in spirit. Hunger will affect people’s mood, leading to inattention, bad temper, irritability, insomnia, etc., affecting normal life. (Healthy Beijing)

　　At present, Nanjing’s largest decoration waste resource disposal plant — — Jiufengshan Building Resource Center project has entered the equipment debugging stage before trial operation. The project has a production line for recycling decoration waste and a brick-making product line. After it is officially put into production, it can handle 300,000 tons of decoration waste every year, which is equivalent to solving the decoration waste generated by the fine decoration of 100,000 100-square-meter commercial houses and making 30 million standard bricks, which greatly enhances the capacity of construction waste disposal and renewable utilization in our city.

　　Go to the rough and get the essence, decorate the garbage and then "go to work"

　　Walking into Jiangbei Environmental Protection Industrial Park in Xingdian Street, Pukou District, Nanjing, an oversized "White Tofu" modern factory building attracts people’s attention. This is the Jiufengshan Building Resource Center project that will be put into trial production soon. In the past, the decoration garbage was directly transported to the landfill, and now they can be employed here again.

　　In the crushing production area, a mechanical assembly line runs in an orderly way. It is understood that these crushing equipment, sorting equipment, screening equipment, etc. classify, remove and crush the decoration garbage according to the different characteristics of materials such as size and quality, and become recycled aggregate. "Recycled aggregate can be resold or used as raw material to make bricks again." The person in charge of the project of Nanjing Environment Group, the builder, said.

　　"The composition of decoration waste is complicated, including lime soil, concrete blocks, wood, plastics, etc., so it is necessary to ‘ Sieve before breaking ’ 。” According to the person in charge of the project, the project adopts the technological process of "one-stage crushing+two-stage screening+multi-stage compound sorting of sundries" to build a complete set of resource disposal production line, which can handle 300,000 tons of decoration waste every year.

　　Optimize the process to add "coat" to dust noise

　　The decoration garbage is crushed and screened layer by layer, and almost no dust escapes in the process, because the project introduces advanced equipment such as pulse bag filter dust removal, which is distributed in the east, northwest and southwest corners of the treatment workshop.

　　"A traditional production line will only be equipped with one exhaust gas treatment equipment, and we have three in one production line." The person in charge of the project said, "With these equipment, we estimate that the dust particles on the site are 10 micrograms per cubic meter, which is half lower than the local standard in Nanjing."

　　At the same time, the decoration garbage disposal workshop also selects low-noise environmental protection equipment, and adopts shock absorption, sound insulation, sound absorption and noise elimination measures for sound sources such as crushers, vibrating screen separators and exhaust fans, and installs silencers or sound insulation covers, and materials such as sound insulation cotton lining the equipment shell to "coat" the noise.

　　Turning waste into treasure, recycled aggregate is "reborn"

　　At the end of the resource processing center is the brick-making workshop. Recycled aggregate can be put into use after mixing, stirring, high temperature pressing, kiln maintenance and other processes. The brick-making workshop of Jiufengshan Project adopts the internationally leading BESSER automatic concrete production line, which not only has low energy consumption and high durability, but also can realize automatic man-machine interaction management in key links and effectively improve the overall quality of recycled products.

　　"The finished bricks produced by this production line have the advantages of good appearance and texture, high compressive strength, oxidation resistance and fastness," said the project leader of Nanjing Environment Group, the builder. "After full production, the project can provide more than 30 million high-quality finished bricks for Nanjing and surrounding cities every year."

　　Thanks to the adjustable pressing die technology, the brick-making production line can be flexibly adjusted according to the market demand, producing different kinds of finished bricks such as colored floor bricks, retaining wall bricks and load-bearing blocks, which can meet different purposes such as building construction, greening gardens, high-speed slope protection, river bank slope and so on.

　　Decoration waste is a common type of construction waste. Strengthening the resource utilization of construction waste is of great significance to promote the green transformation of urban and rural construction and development. According to the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the recycling of construction waste in Nanjing, Nanjing will continue to promote the construction of facilities for recycling construction waste, enhance the capacity of large-scale disposal and recycling of construction waste, promote the development of industrial agglomeration of recycling construction waste, and help build a "waste-free city".

　　(Jiangsu News Broadcasting/Jiang Qihui Correspondent/Ning Jianxuan Editor/Xu Qiqi)

In March this year, some people in the global new energy auto market were happy and some people were worried. China, Britain and France saw triple-digit growth, and Italian electric vehicle sales even increased 10 times year-on-year. However, countries striving for environmental protection, such as the Netherlands and Sweden, showed a downward trend. In terms of market share of electric vehicles, Norway is at the forefront of electrification, followed by Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands. In the first quarter of 2021, the sales of electric vehicles in China and Germany increased by three digits, and the market share is expected to expand rapidly.

China: New energy vehicles increased by 2.4 times year-on-year. Pure electricity and plug-in continued to set a new record.

According to the production and sales data released by China Automobile Industry Association (hereinafter referred to as "China Automobile Association"), in March 2021, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China showed a high-speed growth momentum, reaching 216,000 vehicles and 226,000 vehicles respectively, up by 74.9% and 1.1 times, up by 2.5 times and 2.4 times. In all segments of new energy vehicles, the production and sales were 182,000 and 190,000 respectively, up 2.6 times and 2.5 times year-on-year; The production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 34,000 and 36,000, respectively, up 2 times and 1.9 times year-on-year; fuel battery

From January to March, the production and sales of new energy vehicles both exceeded 500,000, reaching 533,000 and 515,000 respectively, up 3.2 times and 2.8 times year-on-year. Compared with January and February, the growth rate slowed down. Among the main varieties of new energy vehicles, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles were 455,000 and 433,000 respectively, up 3.6 times and 3.1 times respectively. The production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 78,000 and 82,000 respectively, both increasing by 1.8 times year-on-year; The production and sales of fuel cell vehicles were 104 and 150 respectively, down by 43.2% and 27.5% respectively.

Xu Haidong, deputy chief engineer of China Automobile Association, pointed out that the good performance of production and sales of new energy vehicles in the first quarter of this year is inseparable from two key factors. First, with the joint efforts of domestic and foreign car companies, new energy vehicle products can increasingly meet the needs of consumers, and the other is that the acceptance of new energy vehicle products by private consumers is gradually increasing. Based on this, the association is still optimistic about the annual sales performance of new energy vehicles.

Germany: the market share of electric vehicles reached 23%, and sales in the first quarter rose by 177%.

(Source: Tesla)

In March, Germany sold more than 65,000 electric vehicles, with a market share of 23%. Both electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles performed well. Sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 191% year-on-year to 30,101 vehicles, with a market share of 10.3%; Sales of plug-in hybrid vehicles increased by 278% year-on-year to 35,580 vehicles, with a market share of 12.2%. In the case that the overall automobile market rebounded by 36% year-on-year, the sales volume of gasoline vehicles only increased by 7% to 115,174 vehicles, with a market share of 39.4%; The sales volume of diesel vehicles decreased by 5% to 64,518 vehicles, with a market share of 22.1%.

As far as models are concerned, Tesla Model 3 won the sales crown of electric vehicles in that month and sold 3,699 vehicles. The runner-up is e-Up! EV, sold 3,599 vehicles (e-Up! It has been on the market for ten years, and the electric version was launched in 2013), and there is only a gap of 100 vehicles from the champion; Ranked third with competitive cost performance, with 3,237 registered vehicles.

In the first quarter, the sales volume of electric vehicles in Germany was 142,741, up 177.7% from 51,409 in the same period last year, with a market share of 22% (9.9% for pure electric vehicles). As far as the model is concerned, Volkswagen e-Up! EV won the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown in Germany, surpassing the second Tesla Model 3 with a gap of 1,229 vehicles, and pushed the champion .3 in December last year to the third place.

UK: Sales of electric vehicles doubled to a new high, with a market share of nearly 14%.

According to the data of the British Automobile Manufacturers and Dealers Association (SMMT), following the decline in sales in February, the number of new car registrations in the UK rebounded by 11.5% year-on-year to 283,964 in March. Considering that the exhibition hall was closed that month and the sales volume was poor in the same period last year, this is already a good result.

It is worth noting that Britain is continuing to transform into new technologies, and the number of electric vehicle registrations has increased by 112% year-on-year to 39,333, a record high. In that month, the market share of electric vehicles reached 13.9%, up from 7.3% in the same period last year. Specifically, the sales of pure electric vehicles increased by 88% year-on-year to 22,003 vehicles, with a market share of 7.7%; The sales volume of plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 152% year-on-year to 17,330 vehicles, with a market share of 6.1%.

In the first three months, 58,392 electric vehicles were registered in the UK, up 83% year-on-year, with a market share of 13.7%. 31,779 pure electric vehicles were registered, up 74% year-on-year, with a market share of 7.5%; Plug-in hybrid vehicles registered 26,613 vehicles, up 94% year-on-year, with a market share of 6.3%.

Mike Hawes, CEO of SMMT, said: "I am optimistic that consumer confidence and the market will recover." British showrooms and other non-essential retail businesses reopened on April 12th.

France: sales of electric vehicles have tripled. Model 3 defeated Peugeot e-208 and

Peugeot e-208 (Source:)

In March this year, the number of car registrations in France increased by 192% year-on-year to 182,774. The electric vehicle market is even more popular, with the number of registered vehicles soaring by 306% year-on-year to 29,737 (the sales volume was low due to the epidemic blockade in the same period last year), with a market share of 16%. Specifically, the number of registered pure electric passenger cars increased by 183% year-on-year to 15,592, with a market share of 8.5%; The registered number of plug-in hybrid passenger cars soared by 682% year-on-year to 14,145, with a market share of 7.7%. In that month, the sales share of diesel vehicles dropped to 23%, the lowest level since the mid-1990s.

In March, the most shocking thing was that Tesla Model 3 registered 4,524 vehicles in France, which not only beat other electric vehicles, but also won the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown, which was a huge victory for Tesla; The runner-up of electric vehicle sales in that month was Peugeot e-208, with only 1,667 registered vehicles; The third place was the former overlord of the list, with 1,519 registered vehicles.

In the first three months of this year, the French electric vehicle market rose by 74.9% year-on-year to 61,950 vehicles, with a market share of 14%, up by 3 percentage points over the same period last year. Among them, the number of registered pure electric passenger cars increased by 18% year-on-year to 30,489, with a market share of 6.9%; Plug-in hybrid passenger cars surged 231% year-on-year to 31,461 vehicles, with a market share of 7.1%.

Italy: The electric vehicle market became a dark horse, with a year-on-year increase of 1041.8%.

In March, Italy achieved a strong recovery, with more than 171,000 vehicles registered, which was the best result since June 2019, far exceeding the less than 29,000 vehicles in March 2020. In March, Italy registered 15,094 electric vehicles, up 1041.8% from 1,322 vehicles in the same period last year, accounting for 8.8% of the market, up from 4.6% in the same period last year.

Specifically, in March, 7,362 pure electric vehicles were registered in Italy, breaking the record of 7,225 vehicles in December last year, up 695% from the same period last year, with a market share of 4.3%; Plug-in hybrid vehicles performed better, with 7,732 registered vehicles, which also reached a record high, about 20 times that of 389 vehicles in the same period last year. In that month, the market share of plug-in hybrid vehicles was 4.5%, surpassing pure electric vehicles for the third consecutive month, which is a new trend for Italy, which is more inclined to pure electric vehicles.

As far as models are concerned, in March, Tesla Model 3 returned to the top of the electric vehicle list with a registration of 1,363; Fiat 500e also performed well, ranking second with 1,056 registered vehicles, but still giving up the pure electric vehicle sales crown that has been in succession for three months, which is about 300 vehicles away from the champion; ForTwo registered 759 vehicles, ranking third.

Norway: the market share of electric vehicles accounts for four fifths, and the demand for Model 3 is strong.

Number of registered electric passenger cars in Norway (Source: Insideevs)

In March, Norway’s electric vehicle market continued to expand, with the number of registered vehicles increasing by 39% year-on-year to 13,003, accounting for 84.9% of the total automobile market. This performance is enough to beat the performance of 5,315 Model 3s when they arrived in Norway in March 2019, but it is slightly inferior to that in December 2020.

It is worth noting that the market for pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles is expanding. In the same month, the registration of pure electric vehicles in Norway increased by 23.8% year-on-year to 8,624 vehicles, with a market share of 56.3%; The registered number of plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 83.1% year-on-year to 4,379 vehicles, with a market share of 28.6%.

In the first quarter of this year, Norway registered 29,764 electric passenger cars, up 27% from the same period last year, with a market share of about 82%. Among them, there were 19,159 pure electric vehicles, up 17% year-on-year, with a market share of 52.8%; There are 10,605 plug-in hybrid vehicles, up 70% year-on-year, with a market share of 29.2%.

In March this year, the biggest star in the Norwegian electric vehicle market was Tesla Model 3, with 2,169 vehicles registered, and 2,566 vehicles registered in the first three months, which was enough to win the first quarter electric vehicle sales crown. These data are enough to alleviate the speculation of insufficient demand for Tesla, and the upcoming listing will further increase Tesla’s share. By the end of March, Tesla had sold more than 60,000 vehicles in Norway. Another strong competitor is the newly released Volkswagen ID.4, with 856 registered vehicles. This time, ID.3 is not on the Top 20 list.

Netherlands: Electric vehicle sales continued to decline, but the market share rose to 20%.

Registration of electric passenger cars in the Netherlands (Source: Insideevs)

In March, the sales of passenger cars in the Netherlands continued to decline, down 18% year-on-year, and electric vehicles were also affected. Following the 20% year-on-year decline in electric vehicle registration in February, the number of electric vehicle registrations in the Netherlands decreased by 4% year-on-year to 4,834 vehicles in March. The only positive highlight is that the market share of electric vehicles has reached 20% (9% for pure electric vehicles), an increase of 3 percentage points over the same period last year. As can be seen from the figure, the sales volume of electric vehicles at the beginning of the year is usually average (mainly due to changes in financial incentive policies), so the monthly sales volume may start to increase in the future.

As far as models are concerned, Tesla Model 3 successfully returned to the championship in the electric vehicle rankings in March, registering 341 vehicles, which is the first time that it has won the championship since September 2020. However, this is also the usual style of Tesla, and the company usually achieves high delivery in the third month of each quarter. The second place is Volvo XC40 PHEV with 257 registered vehicles; The third place is Volkswagen ID.4, with a registered volume of 247 vehicles. Interestingly, although the sales of ID.3 were hot at the end of last year, it was not on the list this time. Perhaps there are many false self-registrations that need to find buyers.

In the first quarter of this year, the number of registered electric vehicles in the Netherlands was 12,221, with a market share of 15% (5.6% for pure electric vehicles), which was 3 percentage points higher than the 12% in the same period last year. Tesla Model 3 and Volkswagen ID.4 jumped to the third and fourth place respectively in the list of best-selling electric vehicles in the Netherlands in the first three months.

Sweden: The electric vehicle market shrank by 13%, but the plug-in hybrid car rose by 212%.

Passenger car registration in Sweden in March (Source: CleanTechnica)

In March, the Swedish electric vehicle market shrank by 13% year-on-year to 17,543 vehicles, but the market share of electric vehicles reached 37%, up from 27.2% in the same period in 2020. Unusually, the number of registered plug-in hybrid vehicles rose by 212% year-on-year, accounting for 31.5% of the market, and the share of pure electric vehicles was only 5.5%. This ratio of 6: 1 is in stark contrast to last year’s ratio of about 2.5: 1.

The reason is that since April 1st, Swedish policy has changed, and it began to be more inclined to support pure electric buses and further punish carbon emissions. Among them, pure electric vehicles increased by about 1,000 euros to 6,800 euros, which is about 25% of the price of electric vehicles; The subsidy for plug-in hybrid vehicles has been reduced from the previous 2,000 to 3,900 euros to 1,250 to 2,800 euros, with an average reduction of 1,000 euros per vehicle. Therefore, March is the "last chance" for consumers to buy plug-in hybrid cars with the best subsidies, and pure electric vehicle consumers will choose to wait until April to buy a car.

In addition, the government has also raised the annual tax on automobile carbon emissions (new cars must be paid in the first three years), making cars with carbon emissions below 90 g/km more attractive than before. In particular, vehicles with high carbon emissions, such as fuel, large and heavy internal combustion engines, will be punished, and an additional three-year tax will be paid. Non-hybrid vehicles with carbon emissions of 230 g/km, such as Volvo XC90, will have to pay about 5,000 euros.

Spain: Pure electric vehicles rose by 174%, plug-in hybrid vehicles surged by 465%

According to the data of the Spanish Automobile Manufacturers Association (ANFAC), the sales of new cars in Spain rose by 128% year-on-year to 85,819 in March. In March 2020, some dealers stopped operating in the epidemic blockade, but the sales volume in March was still far lower than that in 2019.

In that month, the electric vehicle market also performed well with a market share of 6.5%. Sales of pure electric vehicles rose by 174% year-on-year, with a market share of 2.4%, up from 2% in March last year. Plug-in hybrid vehicles surged 465% year-on-year, with a market share of 4.1%, compared with 1.7% in the same period last year. Sales of fully hybrid vehicles increased by 226% year-on-year, accounting for 22% of the market, compared with 15% in the same period last year.

The sales volume of gasoline vehicles increased by 101% year-on-year, and the market share was 48.7%, which was 6.5 percentage points lower than that in March 2020. Diesel vehicles accounted for 21.7%, down 3.1 percentage points from March 2020; LPG vehicles increased by 404%, with a market share of 1%.

On April 9, the Spanish energy department said that the government had approved a plan of 800 million euros (about 950 million US dollars). By 2023, private buyers in Spain have the right to apply for a subsidy of up to 7,000 euros per car. If the town government and enterprises buy the fleet for taxis, they will get more subsidies. Buyers of electric trucks can get subsidies as high as 9,000 euros. It is planned to take effect on April 10th.

United States: In the first quarter, the sales of pure electric vehicles nearly doubled to 100,000 hybrid vehicles.

Model Y (source: Tesla)

In the first quarter of 2021, the sales of new cars in the US market increased by 11% year-on-year to 3.9 million. According to the latest report of Cox Automotive and Kelly Blue Book, the total sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States exceeded 300,000, which exceeded the overall market.

In the first quarter, the sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States was 303,753, up 80.8% from 167,966 in the same period last year, with a market share of 7.8%. Specifically, the sales volume of pure electric vehicles was 98,832, a record high, up 44.8% from 68,247 in the same period last year, with a market share of only 2.5%; The sales volume of hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles was 204,921, up 105.5% from 99,719 in the same period last year, with a market share of 5.2%.

In the first three months of this year, Tesla was the head player in the pure electric vehicle market in the United States, selling about 69,300 vehicles, accounting for 71% of the market, down from 83% in the same period last year. The best-selling electric vehicle in the United States is Model Y, followed by Model 3 (down 50% year-on-year), Bolt EV and Mustang Mach-E.

In the case that some brands don’t announce the sales of plug-in hybrid cars, the top three players in the hybrid/plug-in hybrid car market in the United States are: 124,449 vehicles (up 151% year-on-year), accounting for nearly 25% of Toyota’s total sales, including 32,263 Toyota Rongfang Hybrid; : More than 22,000 vehicles, accounting for 7.1% of Honda’s total sales; Ford: More than 18,000 vehicles.

　　From the banks of the Yangtze River to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, from the foot of the Tianshan Mountains to the coast of the East China Sea, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary of the Supreme Leader has traveled all over the country, and the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has spread all over China.

　　The green hills are endless, and the green waters are long. We walk between the mountains and rivers and explore the way of ecological management.

　　"Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity, while ecological decline leads to civilized decline. The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and changes in the ecological environment directly affect the rise and fall of civilization. " This is the profound conclusion drawn by the Supreme Leader General Secretary from the evolution of ancient ecological culture and civilization.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　"Protecting the environment means protecting the productive forces, and improving the environment means developing the productive forces" … … Words are sonorous and inspiring.

　　"When the weather is favorable, the quantity and location are favorable, and the effort is less and the success is more."

　　In 2018, at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted "When the weather is favorable, the quantity and location are less, but the success is more" in Qi Min Yao Shu, emphasizing activities in accordance with the laws of nature.

　　Traditional agriculture emphasizes that production activities should be carried out in accordance with the weather and local conditions.

　　In May, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader got off the bus temporarily during an inspection tour in Nanyang, Henan, and walked into a wheat field to see the growth of wheat.

　　In November 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, and got off the bus temporarily. He saw that the winter wheat just planted last month had sprouted and praised "good moisture".

　　In March, 2024, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader went to Changde, Hunan Province, and walked into the comprehensive demonstration area of local grain production of 10,000 mu to see the progress of seedling cultivation and spring ploughing.

　　In spring ploughing, Xia Yun, autumn harvest and winter storage, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary is well versed in farming. "Frogs beat drums, beans are buried in the ground", "May Day seedlings are not planted in the south" and "inch wheat is not afraid of inch water, but inch wheat is afraid of inch water" … … Behind the familiarity with agricultural proverbs is the general secretary of the supreme leader’s understanding and attention to grasping the farming season.

　　Those who do it often succeed, and those who do it often arrive.

　　Before and after Qingming Festival, it is a good time to plant trees. Shovel and shovel, cultivate cofferdam, lift water and water … … Over the years, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has arranged an activity, that is, to participate in voluntary tree planting activities with the people in the capital.

　　In March 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing to participate in voluntary tree planting activities in the capital and plant trees with everyone. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Jingwen photo

　　"The predecessors planted trees and enjoyed the cool. Each of us is a cool person, but we must be tree growers." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that an important significance of voluntary tree planting by the whole people is to let everyone establish the awareness of ecological civilization and form a consensus and joint efforts to promote the construction of ecological civilization.

　　"Everyone strives to be a green emissary and an ecological pioneer, so as to make the beautiful China greener and more colorful", the General Secretary said, and insisted on doing so for many years. "Perseverance and long-term contribution will make our motherland bluer in sky, greener in mountains, cleaner in water and better in ecological environment".

　　"Take it in moderation and use it in moderation"

　　At the opening ceremony of the World Horticultural Exposition in Beijing, China in 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted the words in Zi Zhi Tong Jian as saying: "‘ Take it in moderation and use it sparingly ’ It is the true meaning of ecological civilization. "

　　A river with clear water and green hills on both sides. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gave a good prescription of "jointly protecting and not developing", which enabled the industrial transformation and upgrading, the regulation of the coastline along the Yangtze River and the "ten-year fishing ban" to be implemented in depth, and the ecological environment protection and economic and social development of the Yangtze River have undergone historic and turning changes.

　　The Qinling Mountains are towering and covered with vegetation. In order to protect the ecological environment of Qinling Mountains, the central government sent a special rectification working group to settle in Shaanxi. With the launch of the special rectification campaign, 1,194 illegally built villas were completely rectified. The exhortation that "to be a good ecological guardian of Qinling Mountains, you must never repeat the same mistakes and never leave a bad name in history" makes the strict observance of the ecological red line and "not to cross the line one step further" become a conscious follow, and the mountains and rivers of Qinling Mountains will be fully green.

　　In April, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve in Zhashui County, Shangluo City to inspect the ecological protection of Qinling Mountains. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

　　Back in time, the idea of ecological governance is consistent.

　　As early as during his work in Xiamen, Fujian Province, the supreme leader comrades were deeply concerned about the comprehensive management of Yaodang Lake. Dredging the shore, invigorating the water body and beautifying the environment, from the cross-flow of sewage and the extinction of fish and shrimp to the green shore with clean water, birds flying and fish jumping, and turning cocoons into butterflies, has become a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　In the summer of 2005, the supreme leader comrade, then secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, came to Yucun, Anji, and the scientific conclusion of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" was put forward for the first time. From "selling stones" to "selling scenery", a road of sustainable development with ecological beauty, industrial prosperity and rich people has been spread out.

　　"Protect the ecological environment like eyes and treat it like life", focusing on the sustainable development of China and the future of the Chinese nation, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thinks long-term.

　　"Wealth becomes the way of heaven and earth, and it is suitable for heaven and earth."

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Protecting the ecological environment means protecting natural value and increasing natural capital, and protecting the potential and stamina of economic and social development." The general secretary once quoted the Book of Changes as saying that "wealth becomes the way of heaven and earth, assisting heaven and earth" and other contents, and expounded that heaven and earth should be unified and natural ecology should be linked with human civilization.

　　Over the past 10 years, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has visited the Yangtze River for many times, caring about the ecological protection of the Yangtze River and the development of coastal areas.

　　From "eating the river by the river" to "protecting the river by the river", behind the new path of promoting ecological priority and green development is the strategic determination and foresight of the Supreme Leader General Secretary "calculating big accounts and long-term accounts", which shows the vivid practice of Chinese modernization.

　　In April 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Chenglingji Hydrological Station in Yueyang, Hunan. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng photo

　　"Support ecologically advantageous areas to do a good job in ecological utilization and turn ecological wealth into economic wealth."

　　From once "a chainsaw rings, gold is two thousand" to now "you can still get rich without cutting down a tree". Forestry workers in Daxinganling forest region of Inner Mongolia have changed from "chopping trees" to "watching tree people", and the change of their identity has become the epitome of the transformation of industrial structure in the forest region.

　　Green is to increase advantages, and forest protection is to protect wealth. Daxing ‘anling forest region promotes ecological industrialization and industrial ecologicalization, develops under-forest planting and breeding industry, and truly turns green mountains and green hills into Jinshan Yinshan.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization, which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, put forward: "We must improve the system of ecological civilization system, promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth in coordination, actively respond to climate change, and speed up the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets concept."

　　"Do it well and stick to it. Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, we will unswervingly take the road of ecological priority and green development and stride forward towards the modernization goal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Planning: Tian Junrong, Yang Xuebo, Jiang Yun

　　Overall planning: Xiang Li and Zhao Peng.

　　Text: Liu Shuwen, Jiang Runnan

　　Editor: Wang Rong

　　Proofreading: Kuang Xixi and Wu Yue

　　Recently, Qiu Jiduan, an alumnus of Beijing Normal University, donated his 6,000 pieces of ancient ceramics to his alma mater, Beijing Normal University, and the school announced the establishment of Qiu Jiduan’s China Ancient ceramics museum. However, this seemingly ordinary donation has aroused doubts from the cultural and historical circles, and some people in the industry have questioned that these 6,000 collections are "fakes". Some experts and scholars pointed out that it is very serious for universities to build museums, and it is suggested that the above donations should be strictly checked before collection and exhibition. "Before the donation, there should be a third-party and credible appraisal unit to participate. If the university establishes a museum, it should go to the cultural protection unit for filing."

　　A related person from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter that no application for filing has been received from Beijing Normal University. As for whether the collection widely questioned by the outside world has been professionally appraised by a third party, as of press time, the Education Foundation of Beijing Normal University has not given a response.

　　event

　　Alumni donated 6,000 pieces of ancient ceramics and were accused of being "counterfeit"

　　On July 13th, Qiu Jiduan, a Hong Kong industrialist and alumnus of Beijing Normal University, donated 6,000 pieces of ancient China ceramics to his alma mater, Beijing Normal University. According to media reports, these collections include representative ceramics from the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and many of them are rare and unique in China. Beijing Normal University announced the establishment of China Ancient ceramics museum and China Ancient Ceramics and China Ancient Civilization Research Institute, and appointed Qiu Jiduan as the first curator and dean of the research institute. This is not the first time that Qiu Jiduan donated to Beijing Normal University. In 2006, he donated 20 million yuan to build the Qiu Jiduan Gymnasium.

　　At the meeting, Qiu Jiduan made a speech and said "I am confident that the collection will reach more than 10,000 pieces". School leaders revealed that the construction of museums and research institutes has been put on the agenda, and will be built in Xueyuan Road Campus, covering an area of more than 10,000 square meters. "It will not only become a learning and research center for teachers and students in the school, but also serve as a talent training center". Subsequently, the official website of Beijing Normal University, WeChat WeChat official account, Weibo and major media reported the donation ceremony.

　　However, after the news came out, the domestic art collection community was in an uproar. Many online museum lovers and people in the field of folk collections are not optimistic about this donation, and question the authenticity of the collection and the procedures for building the museum. WeChat official account, named "Beijing Muming Century Cultural Relics Appraisal Co., Ltd.", wrote "Beijing Normal University, your underwear has dropped", saying that ceramics are presumed to be fakes according to the photos of Qiu Jiduan’s warehouse and the photos of Xiamen’s public exhibition in Fujian.

　　Another article titled "The estimated market price of the donated treasures of Beijing Normal University is 1.2 trillion yuan! — — If it’s all true, the article is also circulated in the circle of WeChat friends. This article compares and evaluates the ceramic pictures of Qiu Jiduan’s collection on some occasions with the ancient ceramics appearing in museums such as auction houses and the Forbidden City, and questions the authenticity of the collection donated by Mr. Qiu from the opposite side.

　　dispute

　　Qiu Jiduan responded twice a week: he had been identified by experts before donation.

　　What was originally a happy alumni donation triggered an unexpected public opinion storm. Qiu Jiduan, a donor, responded twice in a week in response to the voice of doubts raised by the Internet.

　　On July 18th, Qiu Jiduan said through the media that the current collection is only the tip of the iceberg of China’s porcelain stock, which can’t fully represent the overall level of China’s porcelain, and the cognitive level of some experts in the field of ancient ceramics identification is also limited by this. Qiu said that individuals only rely on photos as evidence to question the authenticity of their collections without seeing the real objects of their donations, which seriously disturbs the audio-visual perception. He said that it was normal to produce hundreds of thousands of pieces of porcelain every year in ancient times, but there were only a handful in museums, but porcelain could not be oxidized and disappeared; The official kiln itself was a valuable currency in that year, and the folk circulation was very large.

　　On July 20th, the Education Foundation of Beijing Normal University published the article "Qiu Jiduan signed an agreement with Dacheng Law Firm" through official WeChat, which stated that Qiu Jiduan authorized Qian Weiqing, a lawyer of Beijing Dacheng Law Firm, to defend the rights related to the donation of 6,000 pieces of ancient ceramics to Beijing Normal University.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the statement issued by Dacheng Law Firm that Qiu Jiduan’s donation of porcelain to Beijing Normal University will be visually appraised by a qualified institution recognized by the recipient, or by a team of more than four qualified experts in porcelain appraisal: after being appraised by trace and spectrum, it will be included in the donation after judicial appraisal and the recipient has no objection. The statement also stressed that "anyone who slanders without evidence will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law."

　　The industry questioned that porcelain was "ridiculously fake"

　　Require the disclosure of the list of "appraisal experts"

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted Chu Mu, the author of the questioning article "Beijing Normal University, your underwear fell" mentioned at the beginning, and the general manager of Beijing Muming Century Cultural Relics Appraisal Co., Ltd., and asked how he initially doubted the authenticity of the porcelain donated by Shang Qiu Jiduan. Chu Mu replied: "In the collection and auction circle, a person’s collection taste can be judged by his warehouse and public exhibits. As soon as the news of Beijing Normal University came out, many experts in our circle questioned it, and the collection of Mr. Qiu’s warehouse circulated on the Internet was definitely a fake, because it was so fake that it was called &lsquo in the jargon; Opening leave ’ 。” He held up an example of porcelain bottle photos in Qiu Jiduan’s warehouse collection circulated on the Internet, and the bottle was printed with "Emperor Zhu Di of Ming Yongle gave King XX a gift". "According to the ancient practice, the emperor’s name should be taboo. At this point, I know it is fake. "

　　Regarding Qiu Jiduan’s statement that "folk ancient porcelain has a large circulation, and the collection is only the tip of the iceberg of China’s porcelain stock, and ceramic experts are limited", Chu Mu replied that Qiu Jiduan’s statement is somewhat confusing, which can’t prove that his folk acquisition is genuine. "One more thing, he said that experts have not seen these, so they dare not recognize it and say it is false. However, in ancient times, more attention was paid to laws and statutes than now. In a society with underdeveloped information, there was a great commonality in what it did, and there were certain rules of the device. You can’t do anything by yourself and say it’s the real thing you haven’t seen. " Chu Mu said.

　　In the face of Qiu Jiduan’s legal statement, Ji Tao, a researcher at the Auction Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, responded in an interview with the reporter of Beiqing Daily: "I have read that statement. As far as the current situation is concerned, we have not seen 6,000 collections in kind. Therefore, he is required to publicly announce the list of more than 4 porcelain appraisers mentioned in the statement and come up with an appraisal report. If the report is recognized by the industry, it will be convincing."

　　During the interview, both of them thought that building a museum was a very serious matter and should be treated with caution. Ji Tao, a researcher at the Auction Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, wrote that the quality of ancient ceramics museum is related to the brand image of Beijing Normal University. It is suggested that experts from all sides should consult and strictly control the collection and exhibition of the donated ceramics. "To run art galleries and museums in universities well, we need the support, participation and joint supervision of the whole society under the protection of the legal system to avoid the emergence of ‘ Confuse the truth with the false ’ 、‘ Distort history ’ 、‘ Misleading teaching ’ With ‘ Mistaken children ’ 。” There should be an impartial third-party appraisal agency and appraisal agency to appraise the collection.

　　trace

　　Beijing Normal University did not disclose whether there was an expert appraisal team this time.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that this is not the first time that Beijing Normal University has built a museum. In fact, as early as 2000, Beijing Normal University established the Museum of Cultural Relics. Different from this time, the museum was established on the basis of the cultural relics room of the history department of the school, which has a history of more than 50 years. According to public information, when the museum was built, the school specially set up a committee with the famous historian Bai Shouyi as the chairman and 14 famous scholars such as Qi Gong and Zhong Jingwen as members, and invited experts from professional institutions such as the Forbidden City, the Chinese History Museum and the Capital Museum to give guidance on exhibition design and content planning of the cultural relics museum.

　　Yesterday, the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked the Beijing Normal University Education Foundation for the details of "donating ancient porcelain". The staff admitted that the WeChat article on the 20th was forwarded by the Foundation, and said that the list of donated collections and all the objects have not yet been delivered. When asked whether the ancient porcelain was professionally appraised by a third party before receiving it, the other party responded "I don’t know much about the situation". When the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked if he could contact the relevant principal, the person said that the school was on holiday now and would contact the reporter later, but as of press time, the Education Foundation of Beijing Normal University did not give a response.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily tried to contact the relevant professional teachers of the School of History of the school to inquire about this matter, but the other party did not respond. Many history alumni said that it was inconvenient to talk about this matter.

　　expert

　　China has not yet established a mature university donation system.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily interviewed Mr. Xiong Bingqi, Vice President of 21st Century Education Research Institute, about the question that Beijing Normal University was questioned by donations. Xiong Bingqi said that at present, China has not established a mature university donation system, and some universities are easy to "rush" to get donations: "Some schools are eager for quick success and instant benefit." Xiong Bingqi pointed out that some alumni (society) donations are still led by the administration. "The leaders have made a decision outside, and even if they find problems when they are implemented, they have to go ahead." He also suggested that more standardized requirements should be given in the way and process of donation, and it should not be done at will. For example, the board of directors (or Council) will listen to the opinions of teachers and students in advance on the source of donation funds, the place and time of donation title, and the use of donation funds, and then accept them after obtaining the consent.

　　Xiong Bingqi said that in foreign first-class universities, social and alumni donations are very important sources of funding for running schools. Many famous schools such as Yale and Harvard have always attached great importance to alumni donations, and the alumni donation rate is even an indicator for evaluating first-class universities in the United States, because behind alumni donations, the quality of running a school, the relationship with alumni and the level of sustainable development are displayed. "To do a good job in the basic work of the school and improve the level of running a school, the most important thing is to let university donations embark on the road of specialization."

I believe that the post-70s and post-80s who like cartoons have a deep impression on the following magnificent opening remarks in Chinese:

"In the distant future, the Black Star and his evil army waged war to control the whole earth, and their only opponents were the scientist Dr James Chagall and his elite warriors. Together, they are invincible. Together, they are McLennan No.1. "

This prologue comes from the American robot cartoon Star Wars, which was introduced to China in 1987. However, as we all know, the same series of cartoons of the famous movie Star Wars were not introduced into China in 1980s. So, what the hell is going on?

Star wars OP picture

be a green hand

Everything in the story still has to start with the pioneering work "General Hao of Warring States" by Japanese Reed Production Company (??ゴーショーグン). Since the 1970s, with the development of industrial robots, Japanese people have taken a keen interest in robots. They gave the robot a new meaning, introduced the robot into the cartoon and became the protagonist of the cartoon. The earliest robot cartoon is the well-known "Magic God Z", and Magic God Z is also the name of the huge robot driven by the protagonist in the play.

Poster of the Warring States fiend

After "Magic God Z", Japan ushered in the upsurge of robot animation, including the famous "Mobile Suit Gundam". On July 3, 1981, the fledgling reed production company teamed up with Tokyo TV Station to launch a 26-episode animated series "General Mo Hao in the Warring States". Robots in Japanese cartoons are basically "humanoid machines" driven by people, and so is this drama.

OP screen of the warring States fiend

In 2001, Dr. Makita discovered the energy source Beamler (meaning "projection") in the meteorite left by the Tunguska Big Bang. This kind of energy can make the base or vehicle move up to 10000 kilometers in an instant. At this time, the power of the terrorist organization Dokuga Crime Syndicate has penetrated the whole world. When they learned about Bimler, they wanted it and used it to rule the world. The just Dr. Makita refused the request of the terrorist organization and was unfortunately killed.

Tian Jian, the son of Dr. Makita, is the protagonist and key figure of the story. He is a boy with a sense of justice and computer talent. Bimler’s ability is "projected" on him, enabling him to talk with all kinds of consciousness on the earth and in the universe, and to learn all kinds of knowledge from the "Father of computers". The "Father of Computer" is similar to the super giant intelligent electronic computer "Mother of the Times" of the Space and Time Administration in the special film "The Dinosaur Teksey", and it is a supercomputer.

In order to protect Tian Jian Taitai, who holds the key to energy technology, Captain ballas, a good friend of the doctor, and three young people from the Good Thunder Team have shouldered the heavy responsibility of protecting Tian Jian Taitai and the peace of the earth.

Xunlei team base

Sa ballas’s name and style originated from American bald actor Telly Savalas. Takeo Kitajima is the leader of a three-person team, driving the King Arrow. Teru Shimada Limei, the only woman among the three, drives the Queen Rose. She is a Japanese-French mixed-race, and her surname comes from the famous Japanese actor Y?ko Shimada. Her mother met a Japanese businessman who came to France and named her after the brandy "Remy Martin" left at that time. Killy Gagley drives a knight (Jack Knight), and his name comes from Kirigakure Saizo among the Ten Warriors in Makita.

Handsome trio

Three small flying machines correspond to playing cards K, Q and J, namely king, queen and knight, and they can be combined into a robot named Tri Three. In case of emergency, the three men can summon the giant robot "General Hao of Warring States" to fight with the enemy’s robots. General Howe is also controlled by three people in a typical Japanese robot animation setting. Humans manipulate small robots, and small robots manipulate big robots. The king’s sharp arrow is stored in General Hao’s chest, the queen’s rose is in his left leg, and the knight is in his right leg.

The POSE+METAL SERIES released this month restored the animation settings of the Warring States fiend General Hao.

The setting of the fangs of terrorist organizations is quite spoof and playful. Emperor Neoneros, the leader of the villain, literally means "the neon god of love". He is always covered by shadows, and his real identity is a conscious evil body from space, and there are also three direct subordinates. Leonardo Medici Bundle, director of intelligence, is responsible for studying intelligence and intrigue. Bendu, who looks like a playboy, has long blond hair, usually holding a rose or a glass of red wine, and likes to play classical music to fight. The names are based on Leonardo da Vinci and Lorenzo de’ Medici. Yatta-la Kernagul, owner of Kelnagur Fried Chicken and KerDonald’S Hamburger, refers to KFC and McDonald’s … General Suegni Cuttnal is a doctor, who is in charge of the group’s medicine, tourism and entertainment industries. What is even more ridiculous is that the fangs headquarters is actually the headquarters of the World Bank. There is also a "Mother of computers" in the headquarters, which corresponds to the square computer host name.

Ke na gu er de fast food

Two-degree fusion

Although "The Warring States Fiend General Hao" did not achieve good ratings in Japan, it was taken a fancy to by American animators. At this time, Japan’s robot animation craze has also arisen in the United States, and their way of introducing cartoons is not direct introduction; Instead, it is played by re-editing after introduction. Among these adapted animations, the most famous one is robotech, which was adapted from three unrelated Japanese animations, Fortress in Time and Space, Rider in Time and Space and Genesis of Mecha. The reason why American animators want to mix unrelated animated series together is because the local market requires a minimum of 65 episodes.

In 1985, Saban Entertainment of the United States combined General of the Warring States with the 52-episode animated film "Battle in Asia" of Japan International Film and Television Agency in 1983, and named it "The Great Works in the Air".

"McLennan I" poster

In 2545 AD, astronaut David Chance was accidentally sent to a parallel universe while conducting a telex experiment, and two originally unrelated worlds were opened. This makes the horrible GRIP in the parallel world have the opportunity to control two parallel universes. GRIP can transmit their power to the earth, and the cyborg Orn acts as a deputy in another universe. Against GRIP’s talons are two teams organized by McLennan I: the first team led by Dr. James Shegall, that is, the fragment from "The Warring States General", against the black star on the earth; The second team led by David Chance, that is, the fragment from Battle of Asia, is trying to overthrow Aon in another universe.

OP screen of McLennan I

Like robotech, the names of the original characters have been changed beyond recognition. The characters in "The Warring States General" are very Europeanized. After the name is modified, the audience who watched "Macron 1" for the first time will not think that it is not an American film.

The main characters in McLennan I (Star Wars)

Fighting organizations and fighting robots have also been reset. The Thunder Team became the McLean No.1 Defense Team and lived in the McCrae base. TriThree, a small robot, was renamed MacStar, and the great robot general was MacStar-1.

As a result, the anti-terrorism organization Thunder squad and the terrorist organization fangs consortium fought against the earth ghost film, which was changed by Americans into an interstellar science fiction film in which the earth people fought against aliens. The setting of this story seems to be much higher than the original realm, but it is not. After the names and people’s designs of the two sides were adapted, their original metaphorical meanings disappeared and their interest was greatly reduced. Because of the different plots, the editing of story pictures has become inevitable, and many interesting scenes have been removed. For example, the scene in which Bendu (Ahan) grabbed the rose and was stabbed was gone, and the plot of Knagur (Galodan) related to fast food restaurants was also cut out.

"McLennan I" also replaced the original background music. It borrowed from the prime-time TV series "Miami Vice" broadcast a year ago and incorporated the popular music at that time into the animation background. Cartoons almost cover most of the popular music in the United States in the 1980s. The famous music includes Beat It, Shout and Safety Dance. The music of Mike Star One is Michael Jackson’s best-selling hit Beat It. After extensive editing and revision, this film looks completely like an American cartoon.

Rename again

In 1987, Beijing TV and Soong Ching Ling Children’s Fund jointly held the largest "International Cartoon Exhibition" in China’s history. From the end of August to the beginning of December, Beijing TV broadcasted more than 40 animated works, and also broadcasted 6 episodes of the international version of McLennan I sent by Saban Entertainment. When Saban launched the international version of McLennan I, the part of "Asia-Pacific War" was completely removed. In other words, what Beijing TV got was actually the American version of The Warring States General.

The title of the play on the Chinese translation platform obtained by Beijing TV is the transliteration of McLennan No.1. Director Zhang Junying thinks that the original name is not conducive to the promotion and dissemination of the work, and it is difficult to gain popularity. She borrowed Star Wars, the most popular movie in America at that time, and changed the Chinese title to Star Wars. If we look at the American version of "McLennan I", it does have the flavor of Star Wars if people on earth fight against aliens in two-dimensional universe. The opening remarks of Star Wars animation and Star Wars movies are also quite similar. The former is "in the distant future" and the latter is "a long time ago, in the distant Milky Way". If the "Asian War" part can be introduced, "Star Wars" will be more worthy of the name.

Translated personnel list

The response after the broadcast fully proved Zhang Junying’s foresight, and the majestic title of "Star Wars" was very attractive. After the six episodes of Star Wars, it received a good response. 26 episodes of the international version of McLennan I were introduced, translated and dubbed by the whole drama. The dubbing lineup of Star Wars is luxurious from today’s perspective. Zhang Junying personally matched the heroine Keshi; Dr. Chagall is now a well-known actor Zhang Hanyu; Zhang Junying’s lover Qu Xianhe was in charge of Dr. Bridge, Black Star, Hugo, the father of computers, and the familiar Chinese prologue. Somehow, "McLennan I" was pronounced as "Macquarie I" during dubbing. Therefore, the three-person manual team became the "Macquarie" team, and the robot became Macquarie I.

Dubbing cast

The whole Star Wars drama was broadcast in the early summer of 1988, and another more influential robot animation, Transformers, was broadcast on July 30th of that year. Therefore, "Star Wars" is the first large-scale robot TV cartoon in China, and Macquarie I is the first integrated robot appearing on the TV screen in China. Three manned small flying vehicles can be combined into a small robot, and the flying vehicles are accommodated by the big robot, and then the big robot is controlled. Now it seems to be a cliche setting, but at that time, it made our audience see it with blood boiling. This sense of curiosity and excitement is also unprecedented. It can be said that it was Macquarie I that brought China children into the era of robot animation in the true sense. This robot animation, which has not achieved great success in Japan and the United States, has received great popularity in China. Keshi, wearing tights and long hair, surprised the audience, and the big sister in the animation can be so sexy. Many publishing houses have released their own Star Wars comic books when animation is popular.

Animated Star Wars comic book

When Star Wars cartoons were popular, Star Wars movies were not introduced into China. When the films of "Star Wars" series or their surroundings were introduced into China, it caused conceptual confusion. In order not to confuse Macron 1 with Star Wars series, because the pronunciation of the robot in the film is Macquarie I, Star Wars animation is generally called Macquarie I in China.

The movie Star Wars comic book

　　In our country, most urban communities are composed of closed communities composed of high-density assembled houses, and each community is inhabited by thousands or even tens of thousands of people. With the intensification of population mobility, the community composed of strangers is completely different from the traditional rural community, and it is also different from the unit compound based on colleague relationship. Here, the binding force of acquaintance social rules is greatly weakened, and the large-scale and high-density living style makes various contradictions and disputes increasingly high, and new governance mechanisms and models need to be established urgently.

　　It seems that all kinds of contradictions and disputes in the community are mostly small problems, but in fact, the small problems that have accumulated over time and repeatedly have had a great impact on the living quality and living standards of the people. At the moment when the city is pursuing connotative development and vigorously improving people’s sense of happiness and gain, the community where we live every day should not become a forgotten corner and let "wrangling" be staged from time to time.

　　To this end, the editorial department of the semi-monthly talk organized reporters to go to Sichuan, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan and other places to conduct research from three dimensions: residents and property, residents and community services, and sort out three major dilemmas: unbalanced rights, out-of-control disputes and service disability, which will serve as a pulse for the management of residential quarters.

　　Thematic planning and editing: Yuan Bixia Xu Xicai

　　The dilemma of "three lost" in urban community — — Unbalanced rights: how can the owners win when fighting with the property?

　　Half-monthly talk with reporter Zhao Yeping, Lu You, Yi Xuru

　　Compared with organizations, individuals are always in a weak position. This is reflected in the contradictions in the community. Residents in the scattered community can’t have an equal dialogue with the property company at all, and some behaviors of the property company are obviously unreasonable, so they can only bear it. If this imbalance persists, some contradictions and disputes will accumulate, which may even lead to mass incidents.

　　"Buy a suite with your life savings, and then spend money on the property to toss yourself!" Some owners have issued such a sigh.

　　Property VS Residents: Highlighting Five Contradictory Focuses

　　In almost every community, there are contradictions between residents (including owners and tenants) and property in one way or another. According to the statistics of 12345 citizen service hotline in Haikou City, Hainan Province, in 2017 and 2018, the hotline complaint type data ranked first, and most disputes originated from inadequate community management and chaotic charges. Government departments spend a lot of administrative resources to deal with these disputes, but they often end up without results.

　　Half-monthly interviews with reporters found that the current contradiction between residential residents and property mainly focuses on the following aspects.

　　Focus 1: Property charges rise at will, and owners default from time to time.

　　Recently, a residential property company outside the South Fifth Ring Road in Beijing informed the owners that the property fee rose from 2.18 yuan to 2.68 yuan, which triggered some owners’ resistance. "The property company claimed that after telephone and household consultation, it reached a unified opinion with most owners, but in fact some owners did not know." The owner, Mr. Chen, said that the property also held a "revenue and expenditure briefing meeting", but the accounts were not audited by a third party and were unconvincing.

　　A property manager told a reporter who talked for half a month that property is a small profit industry. Many times, once the owner delays paying the property fee, it is easy to cause the enterprise to lose money. So sometimes, in order to ensure their own interests, some property companies will force owners to pay by stopping handling water and electricity bills.

　　Focus 2: Public infrastructure needs to be repaired and replaced, but the cost is unclear.

　　Since 2016, located in a residential area between the First Ring Road and the Second Ring Road in Chengdu, elevators often break down. In April this year, the property company in the residential area posted a notice saying that the property company had funded the maintenance of elevators for several years, and the maintenance cost reached 425,000 yuan. This news caused some owners to question. Liu Jiabin, deputy secretary of the Party branch of the community, told reporters in half a month that at that time, some owners felt that the maintenance fund of 971,000 yuan had been used in the past three years. Why did it generate more than 400,000 yuan in advance expenses?

　　Focus 3: Community public assets are abused for profit, and the income and expenditure are unknown.

　　There are some assets owned by the owners in the community, and property companies often use them to obtain income without the owners’ knowledge or consent, and the whereabouts of expenditures are unknown. Take advertising revenue as an example. Most of the light box advertising and elevator advertising resources in the community are sold by property companies to advertisers, but the revenue is rarely announced to the owners, and most owners don’t know where the revenue is used.

　　An owner of Lehuo Gongyuan City Community in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province told reporters that there are 10 buildings in the community, each with two stairs and three billboards in each staircase. The owner directly removed the advertisement of the building where he lived, and the property was monitored to find the owner. The owner believes that the elevator is a public space and cannot be used for elevator advertising, and requires the property to announce the use of billboards. Finally, the property did not install billboards in this elevator, and never gave relevant financial information.

　　Focus 4: Parking charges are chaotic and management norms can’t keep up.

　　With the popularization of urban cars, parking spaces are becoming scarce resources. In many cities across the country, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, it is not uncommon for some property companies to raise the price of parking spaces at will. Disputes caused by parking chaos and parking difficulties are staged almost every day in some communities. "There are always other people’s cars parked in the parking spaces that my family pays for." Mr. He, who lives in Binjiang Community, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, said, "The property always says that it should be standardized, but there has been no movement."

　　Focus 5: The collection of water and electricity charges failed to facilitate the people, but instead "pitted the people".

　　In some communities, residents’ utilities are collected by the property, which is a good thing for the convenience of the people. However, due to management loopholes or abuse of charging power in some property companies, many disputes have arisen.

　　Xin Chen, director of the industry committee of Fuxiang Jiayuan Community, Haikou City, Hainan Province, still remembers that once the property management company of the community used the water and electricity fees paid by the owners to pay their employees, and the water supply company and power supply bureau that were owed water and electricity fees often "stopped supplying water" and "cut off electricity" to the community, so the owners had to stay in hotels in married with children. Some owners who know what happened blocked the door of the community and refused to let the property manager leave, "forcing" him to solve the problem.

　　The establishment of the operation industry Committee faces

　　"eighty-one difficult"

　　Why are contradictions and disputes frequent? Insiders and grassroots cadres believe that the fundamental reason lies in the imbalance of rights between property and owners. Without an effective owners’ meeting and industry Committee, the owners are like a mess. Hiring a property company, dealing with the relationship with neighborhood committees and protecting the rights and interests of owners are all difficult to express their opinions, and there is also a lack of channels and platforms to solve problems.

　　According to a survey conducted by reporters in the past two months, although property management measures have been introduced in various places in recent years to encourage the establishment of industry committees in residential quarters, many industry committees in residential quarters have suffered from "dystocia" or even "abortion" due to the unfamiliar policies of owners, contradictions between owners and property companies, low social trust of strangers, and too complicated establishment procedures. Under the game of interests of all parties, the establishment of operation committee is facing the "eighty-one difficult".

　　According to Article 12 of the Regulations on Property Management in the State Council, the formulation and revision of the rules of procedure of the owners’ congress, the election of the owners’ committee or the replacement of the members of the owners’ committee, the selection and dismissal of property service enterprises, etc. shall be subject to the consent of the owners who account for more than half of the total building area and more than half of the total number.

　　"Hundreds of households and thousands of households should reach ‘ Double half ’ (More than half of the area and more than half of the owners) is very difficult. " Xiao Jiangtao, president of Haikou Owners’ Committee Association, said that some communities in Haikou have struggled for nearly 10 years and failed to set up industry committees.

　　According to reports, the proportion of the establishment of the industry Committee in Haikou Community is only 13.4%, and the proportion of the establishment of the national community industry Committee is not high, and the proportion in Beijing is only 25%.

　　Xiao Jiangtao believes that the deep-seated reason for the difficulty in the establishment and operation of the industry Committee is that the competent government departments are unwilling to intervene, do not know how to intervene, and have no ability to intervene.

　　According to an industry insider, according to the current law, street offices and township governments have the responsibility of guiding and supervising the establishment of industry committees in communities, but in fact, guidance and supervision have become examination and approval. Because this work is not linked to the political achievements of streets and towns, it can be done or not, and it is thankless, so it often becomes resistance rather than help.

　　In addition to being unwilling to guide and supervise, the competent government departments still have the problem of being unable to guide and supervise. Take Haikou as an example, there are 4 people in the Property Department of the Housing and Construction Bureau of Haikou City, and one deputy director of the residential insurance center in each district is in charge of the property. There are dozens of communities in each district, and there are no full-time property management personnel in the street office.

　　"The community only maintains stability, and it doesn’t matter if it doesn’t go wrong." A person in charge of the community industry Committee said that the neighborhood Committee will come forward to repair the road water in the village, but the road water in the community can only be responsible by the community itself. In 2018, the community built a cultural and sports activity center, and the industry Committee didn’t have enough funds, so it sent representatives to the neighborhood Committee and the street office to apply. The answer was: "How are you qualified to come to us for money?"

　　Owners "fight alone" when preparing for the establishment of the industry committee. After the establishment, the industry committee is still "fighting alone". How to negotiate with the property company and how to formulate the rules of procedure are all left to the members of the industry committee to explore. Those with strong ability will be handled well, while those with poor ability will often be "criticized" by the owners. As volunteers, the members of the industry committee serve the community free of charge and are under great physical and mental pressure.

　　Xiao Jiangtao said that the main reason why it is difficult to establish and carry out the work of the industry committee is that the industry committee is a new thing, and China’s commercial housing has only developed for more than 20 years now. "As an individual, the owners now have to work with corporate enterprises such as property and developers ‘ Fight for benefits ’ , even if it is the interests that originally belonged to the owner, it was strongly attacked because it broke the previous interest circle ‘ Fight back ’ 。” (Participating in writing: Yao Ziyun)

Editor’s Note: The new iPhone will be officially released tomorrow. The Verge has lifted the detailed evaluation of iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max. Let’s take a look at how the two most expensive iPhones in history perform.

The annual Science and Technology Spring Festival Evening passed, and the new iPhone arrived as scheduled in 2018. As a model with the name "S" updated, we didn’t expect the iPhone XS to change much in appearance, but the largest iPhone XS Max was the most concerned one in this new machine camp. So, as one of the most anticipated models in the world market this year, what is the specific performance of iPhone XS/XS Max?

In terms of appearance, in fact, we can completely ignore the iPhone XS. After all, it is almost exactly the same as the iPhone X, so let’s focus on the iPhone XS Max.

Apple’s first taste of the big screen dates back to the iPhone 6 Plus era a few years ago, and that generation of mobile phones also set a sales miracle in the history of the iPhone. After several generations of updates, it seems that Apple wants to do the same thing to the successor of iPhone X. Of course, it is reasonable for consumers to buy the big screen. After all, with the blessing of comprehensive screen design, the body size of iPhone XS Max with 6.5-inch screen is only 157.5*77.4*7.7mm, which is almost exactly the same as the Plus series with 5.5-inch screen (158.4*78.1*7.5mm).

Under such a screen size, watching videos or playing games with iPhone XS Max naturally has nothing to say. In addition, the OLED screen with wide color gamut display (P3), 625cd/m2 brightness and 458ppi makes the visual impact of iPhone XS Max higher than that of iPhone X by several gears. Of course, if you want to operate with one hand, it may be a little difficult. Even for users with large hands, it is almost impossible to hold the menu at the top of the operation with one hand.

As for the quality of this OLED screen, I think that after the self-certification of iPhone X in the past year, everyone has already had sufficient trust in it. At least in terms of screen burning, it has performed better than other OLED screen phones in the same period. However, there were many problems about the wear of iPhone X last year, and this year, Apple improved the material of the front and rear glass to make it more wear-resistant. According to foreign media inspectors, after streaking for more than a week, there were no obvious scratches before and after the mobile phone. As for the durability for a long time, it needs longer verification to get a conclusion.

In fact, from the current usage situation, Apple has hardly made too many software optimizations for this smartphone with a larger screen. No matter the application or UI, all we can see is just "bigger than bigger". In landscape mode, some native applications such as Safari have evolved, for example, the tab bar has become more accessible, which is largely due to the optimization of iOS12.

At the top of this screen, we still see the familiar "little bangs". As far as the unlocking efficiency of Face ID is concerned, iPhone XS Max has not changed much compared with iPhone X, and the improvement in unlocking speed in milliseconds is not obvious, and it still doesn’t recognize me who just woke up. Of course, the horizontal or upside-down unlocking previously guessed has not been realized in iPhone XS Max. Also affecting the unlocking are sunglasses that block infrared rays. It is said that Apple is cooperating with some sunglasses manufacturers to launch sunglasses that support Face ID in the future. It’s really "apple" not to adjust technology to solve the adaptation problem, but to ask others to cooperate with them to make changes.

The biggest change brought by Face ID is to expand the facial information to two people, that is, an iPhone XS Max can be unlocked by two pairs of faces entered in advance. Considering that Face ID adapts to the changes of users’ facial eyes, beards and other elements very quickly, there is no need to set a second set of facial information for backup. It seems that Apple just wants to provide users with an emergency unlocking solution, but it also gives your girlfriend more reasons and ways to unlock your mobile phone.

The lens quality of iPhone has always been obvious to all, and no matter which generation of iPhone, its shooting effect is among the top products in the same period. Although we often say that the iPhone is not as good as other products in targeted optimization, at least in terms of film quality, the iPhone is still worthy of pride. So how does it perform in iPhone XS Max?

At the press conference, Apple said that the shooting effect of iPhone XS/XS Max is still leading in the current smart phone market. iPhone XS Max still adopts the configuration of rear dual camera, but it has been upgraded for the previous 12-megapixel wide-angle lens with f/1.8 aperture, and the unit pixel area has been increased from 1.22um to 1.4um, which makes iPhone XS series phones more sensitive to light. Combined with A12′ s image information processing system and neural engine, a film with more ideal tolerance and color can be obtained by taking multiple photos and synthesizing them.

With the blessing of SmartHDR, the filming effect of iPhone XS series phones is really satisfactory. At least compared with the previous generation iPhone X, iPhone XS is obviously superior in exposure control, dynamic range and dark light performance. However, SmartHDR also makes the sharpness of photos lose, which leads to the improper handling of details.

This pot should be buckled in the so-called intelligent HDR. This function has done a lot of excesses in the details during actual shooting, which is why after enlarging the photo, you can clearly see the skin texture of the portrait chin and the texture of the eyebrows, which are all smeared out by the iPhone XS.

As can be seen in the photo below, the portraits taken by iPhone XS are as original as ever, while the photos taken by Pixel have better saturation. This is a contradiction between "truth" and "pleasing", especially for users who can’t take selfies and send friends without beauty. iPhone XS is undoubtedly "fatal" for them.

In portrait mode, iPhone XS has added a virtual aperture system. Through simulation algorithm, the blur effect of the background can be adjusted from f/1.4 to f/16 at will. All users need to do is turn on portrait mode, aim at the target theme and take the next photo. Because iPhone XS can distinguish and record the theme, foreground and background, the virtual depth of field effect can be adjusted in the later stage.

As for the blur effect, it can only be said that it is difficult for most smartphones to perfectly simulate the texture brought by the camera lens, and the iPhone XS is not much better in the end, but it is better than nothing.

In short, the camera performance of iPhone XS has made remarkable progress compared with last year’s iPhone X, but it can’t be said that it is easy to use. Its imaging effect can only be equal to several top Android flagships in the first half of this year. It’s not outstanding, but there are no obvious shortcomings. This is the consistent lens training style of iPhone.

In terms of processing chips, Apple has always been ahead of all its competitors. In this year’s A12, they also used the 7nm process first. Apple official said that this generation of chips has improved performance by 15% compared with last year’s A11, while GPU has improved by as much as 50%.

As for the performance improvement of 15%, it is actually difficult to experience it in daily use. After all, apart from the occasional system ventilation, the iPhone has not been associated with the word "Caton" for a long time. In short, whether it is a large game or a daily use, the iPhone XS is very smooth to use.

However, the more intuitive experience improvement brought by the 7nm process lies in the better power consumption performance. In the case of simple daily use such as sending emails, watching videos, taking photos, browsing social networking sites, etc., the iPhone XS Max can even be firm for 12 hours. As for the iPhone XS Max, the official claim is that the battery life is 30 minutes longer than that of the iPhone X, and this is because the battery capacity of the iPhone XS(2658mAh) is higher than that of the iPhone X(2716mAh).

We can see that the performance improvement of 15% is actually not obvious, which means that Apple has put more energy into controlling power consumption and heat generation. We should know that last year’s A11 has strong performance, but its performance in iPhone X is not ideal. To a large extent, it is a pot that triggers frequency reduction after high heat, and the A12 processing chip carried by iPhone XS can provide a stronger and lasting experience.

In short, A12 will be a chip full of more possibilities, and its excellent and stable performance will enable it to cope with various high-intensity applications in the coming year. For ordinary users, the battery life it brings can also improve the iPhone experience.

Whenever a new mobile phone is launched, people who eat melons will question whether it is worth buying. In fact, as a "make-up version" with the name "S", this is indeed a problem that needs to be considered. After all, the iPhone released this time is the most expensive iPhone in history, and the domestic version has even sold for more than 10,000 yuan, so it is reasonable to make some considerations.

Then if you already have an iPhone X, it is not necessary to upgrade to the iPhone XS at least. It is really easy to use, but the iPhone X is not a model that has been abandoned by the times. Even if it is put in the second half of this year, it is still the top flagship smartphone.

So how about buying an iPhone XS Max? If you want to experience a bigger screen, there is nothing to hesitate. After all, the experience brought by 6.5-inch and 5.5-inch is just like a world of difference. It can be said that iPhone XS Max is a mobile phone that will make people feel that there are no shortcomings. Everyone still needs to understand that even if it is the most expensive iPhone in history, it can afford such a price. After all, it is not its fault that it is expensive.

If you are holding an older model than iPhone X, then our suggestion is to change it if you can. It’s been 8102 years, and you haven’t got a full screen yet, so you are embarrassed to go out.

Author: She Yunfeng

Source: Mobile Payment Network

Not long ago, Zhou Xiaochuan, vice chairman of Boao Forum for Asia, expressed several views on the development of digital RMB at the 2023 China Digital Finance Forum, two of which were very constructive and forward-looking.

Digital RMB is mainly based on account type.

Zhou Xiaochuan believes that the development of digital RMB is mainly based on account-based digital currency. In other words, token-based digital currency is a path that may have room for development, but the mainstream is account-based digital currency.

How to understand it? In fact, this is in great agreement with the current supervision on the path of promoting digital RMB.

The mobile payment network once published an article discussing the choice of digital RMB in the wallet path "Upgrade from value mode to account mode, and dual offline of digital RMB is not mainstream". We think that with the pilot implementation of digital RMB, account mode and quasi-account mode will become the mainstream in the future, and the value mode is only a supplement.

As we all know, digital RMB is compatible with three ways: account-based, quasi-account-based and value-based, and adopts variable denomination design to realize value transfer in the form of encrypted currency strings. Judging from the manifestations of digital RMB hard wallet, the quasi-account model is the mainstream at present, and the account model has also taken shape. Although the value model has technical conditions, there are still some problems in its real implementation.

Zhou Xiaochuan said that the choice of account type and token type is also closely related to the choice of centralized route. In the management mode, digital RMB needs to adhere to the two-tier operation system and centralized management concept.

Why should we adhere to the centralized management concept? Yi Gang, the former governor of the central bank, once said that because the digital currency of the central bank is the debt of the central bank to the public, it is necessary to ensure and strengthen the macro-prudential and monetary policy regulation functions of the central bank and maintain the original transmission mode of monetary policy.

In the two-tier operation structure, the first layer is centralized management, which is similar to that the central bank must know how much circulating cash it has issued and how much digital currency it has issued. The transfer and transaction activities between customers are on the second floor, and a large amount of customer information is stored on the second floor, that is, industry, agriculture, China, construction, communication or WeChat Alipay. They are obliged to be responsible for privacy protection, anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing, and only report the necessary information to the People’s Bank of China.

From this perspective, account-based centralized management is a necessary condition, and the central bank must have the right to manage the digital RMB as a whole. However, if a large number of token-based digital RMB with value model are adopted, the central bank will have a blank window for its management, which has certain security risks. Therefore, before the official launch, such security issues must be controlled to a minimum, and the value model digital RMB that is not under the management of the central bank after the official launch needs to be controlled within a certain range.

Therefore, quasi-account and account-mode wallets are all manifestations of account-based digital RMB, which will be the main development direction of digital RMB in the future. As a token-based development path, value mode still needs to be explored as a supplementary form.

The price system needs to be set under the two-tier operation

Zhou Xiaochuan believes that under the two-tier operation system, policy-making should make the digital payment system survive independently, and a price system should be set up so that the digital payment system can charge for services. In fact, the rate can be very low and the impact on customers is quite small. If there is no charging mechanism, it will lead to cross-subsidies and cross-sales, and payment system service providers will focus on other aspects that should not be paid attention to.

Digital RMB adopts a two-tier operation system, one of the important reasons is to mobilize the enthusiasm of market institutions such as commercial banks to the greatest extent. The central bank issues digital RMB, but not directly to residents and corporate customers. Instead, it issues digital RMB to operating institutions, which serve customers directly as operators.

Yi Gang once wrote that the two-tier operation is conducive to making full use of the existing resources, talents, technology and other advantages of commercial organizations, and promoting innovation and competition through market-driven. In terms of business resources, commercial banks and technology companies have mature IT facilities and huge user base. In terms of human resources, commercial banks and technology companies also have sufficient talent reserves. The central bank mainly carries out top-level design, as well as legal norms and regulatory standards. After the top-level structure, legal norms and regulatory requirements are designed, services are handed over to the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources by the market. Two-tier operation helps to spread risks. The central bank does not presuppose the technical path and remains open. Different institutions can explore different technical paths and realize system optimization through competition.

However, in the pilot stage, the design of such optimal allocation of resources seems to have a big gap with the market development, and the most important reason is the "incentive mechanism" problem.

At present, the core of the two-tier operation system is the operation organization, which has the largest investment in personnel and property and the highest cost, but has no direct income. The operation of digital RMB has become a way for operating institutions to obtain customers, which is not conducive to the promotion and development in the later period.

The characteristic of digital RMB payment is settlement, which is indeed conducive to the efficient realization of the payment process, but it also reduces the participation of the payment process and even cuts off the interest rate acquisition space.

As a large number of participants in the 2.5-tier, it has a high degree of overlap with the 2-tier institutions in the non-operational work of digital RMB. At present, the 10 operating institutions are commercial banks themselves, and they have a certain competitive relationship with the 2.5-tier commercial banks in terms of business and customer base. The 2-tier institutions have squeezed the 2.5-tier business space by virtue of their roles as wallet brands and operating institutions, which seems to affect the enthusiasm of small and medium-sized banks in the pilot process.

At present, there are more and more institutions participating in the pilot project of digital RMB. The 2.5-tier institutions lack clear and standardized roles, division of responsibilities and information protection, and there is no profit point. The participation enthusiasm of the 2.5-tier institutions in most pilot areas is very limited.

Therefore, in the view of mobile payment network, under the two-tier operation system, the sustainable development of digital RMB in the future can not be separated from the perfect "business model", on the one hand, it lies in the cooperation between various institutions at different levels, on the other hand, it lies in the respective functions of different institutions and the income points under their participation.

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As for whether "charging" will affect the "zero handling fee" feature of digital RMB, in fact, users can rest assured that the exchange and redemption of digital RMB will be "zero handling fee" for both users and merchants now and in the future. However, after the future business model is perfected, it is unclear whether the rate income of institutions will be passed on to users and merchants under the price system!