The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

In fact, "family of origin Determinism" caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those who are angry with their parents, dissatisfied with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin Determinism".

———— ·　————

The rampant family of origin determinism reinforced the stereotype of the class.

Zongcheng

one

How did the concept of "family of origin" catch on?

▲ In Sina Weibo, netizens ridiculed Su Daqiang, the role of the TV series "Everything is Fine".

The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. As a result, "family of origin determinism" is rampant, and it has become a craze to punish parents. It seems that all the problems in the world can be attributed to the family.

At the same time, people pay more and more attention to each other’s origin in interpersonal communication, and even adopt the method of backward thinking. According to a person’s established personality, taste and even values, people blame their families for these things. For example, in a common deduction, many commentators will blame a person’s inferiority, violence and vulgarity on his bottom family and sum up the fate of others with very simple logic.

Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

When "family of origin determinism" overflows, the complicated life evolution is replaced by simple linear thinking, and our conclusion is not the truth, but the stereotype of the class is reinforced.

As early as the 19th century, "family of origin determinism" appeared in novels. At that time, there were no computers and televisions in the world, and novels were citizens’ favorite pastimes. In order to cater to the market, novelists liked to write novels related to class collision.For example, Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, Hardy’s Tess of the D ‘Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, etc., children from rural areas are often simple, pure and full of determination to struggle, while those from noble families are lazy, weak and even morally corrupt. Novelists didn’t put forward the concept of "family of origin" directly, but they advocated "birth determines character" and "character is fate". In order to take care of readers’ reading experience and create a strong conflict, these novels all have obvious binary opposition, such as the opposition between the bottom and nobles, the opposition between poor boys and rich girls, the opposition between good and evil, and the opposition between rural areas and cities, which are the sources of modern urban drama.

In modern times, the concept of "family of origin" was put forward by American psychiatrist Murray Bowen in the 1960s.It originally refers to a person’s family before adulthood, and it was not until the beginning of this century that the word became popular in China. With the establishment of Douban’s "Parents Are Evil" group and the popularity of the book "Giant Baby Country", "family of origin" has become a hot word on the Internet.

Wu Zhihong used a lot of methods to analyze the family in The Kingdom of Giant Babies, and took the family as the decisive factor. As a veteran of psychological marketing, he knew well the propagation law of popular media, so he used the words of "Giant Babies", "Chinese Family", "Mutual Harmful Society" and "Chinese Good Man" in the book. This book is not new, but it knows the market very well.

The popularity of "family of origin" is not only promoted by books and TV series, but also due to deeper historical background.China is a country with a deep parental culture. From patriarchal clan system to firstborn inheritance system, the political logic in ancient China is closely related to the family, and local governance is also inseparable from the wealthy families led by local gentry. Chinese relies on large and small families and relatives to build a huge human society, and the family structure with patriarchy as the core affects the growth of children. In modern times, especially under the background of the market economy dominated by neoliberalism, the contradiction between classical families and contemporary youth has become more and more serious. The eastward spread of affirmative thoughts has impacted the patriarchal center, while the liberal thoughts have made young people hate the bondage of family more and more.

With the loosening of family-oriented concept, family of origin’s problems have been put on the table, and they are getting more and more prosperous under the agitation of class anxiety. Behind this wave of family of origin’s discussion is not only the value division of two generations, but also the children’s worries about their identity and status.

The discussion of "family of origin" on the Internet focuses on denouncing parents. Take the discussion between Ode to Joy and Everything is Fine as an example: In Ode to Joy, Fan Shengmei’s mother is like a burden. In Everything’s Fine, Su Daqiang, the father of Su family, is also tiring. Borrowing money, borrowing money or borrowing money, cheat people, cheat people or cheat people, the audience resonated in the experience of Fan Shengmei and Su Mingyu, but they were full of helplessness and boredom with Fan Mu and Su Daqiang.

In July, 2018, Beijing Times Chinese Bookstore also published a book called family of origin, with the subtitle "How to Repair Your Personality Defects". The original name of this book was "Toxic Parents" (both parents are toxic), and the author Susan Forward described many incompetent parents, such as manipulative parents, alcoholic parents, physically abusive parents, verbally abusive parents and sexually abusive parents.

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"family of origin determinism" in film and television dramas, parents who are typed.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

"Everything is OK" and "Ode to Joy" have changed the parents’ perspective of educational dramas in the past, and faced up to their parents’ shortcomings. Together with the "Parents are evil" group, they both provided the view that "parents can be criticized or even denied", which is their unique feature in China’s film and television dramas which are full of family-orientation. However, in order to cater to the market, they filled too many stereotypes in character design, and followed the typical melodrama mode in dramatic conflicts, which stimulated the audience’s cool points, but made people logistics in types.

Everything is fine is a good play, but in some places, it pursues dramatic conflict too much, which dilutes the sense of reality.For example, Su Daqiang, played by Dahong Ni, is an old man who has been suppressed by his wife for many years. He loves calculating and secretly caring for others. He has some common habits of his parents. However, with the development of the plot, the contradiction induced by Dahong Ni gradually became a contradiction for the sake of contradiction. In the part involving him, the screenwriter pushed what he did to the extreme surface. In the end, he was like a laundry list, and the shortcomings of his parents were filled in. It seemed to make people itch. If you think about it carefully, it was still too dramatic.

Su Daqiang’s role, played by Dahong Ni, is no problem, mainly the character design of the script. The screenwriter wants to highlight family of origin’s problems so much that he wants to use Su Daqiang as the trigger point of drama contradiction, so that he pushes too hard.

There are similarities at the beginning. Xiao Mingyu complained that her mother was partial. Her mother said bluntly, we will not invest in you because you are a girl. Here, the screenwriter wants to highlight the son preference of the Su family and arouse the audience’s resonance, but such a straightforward approach is rough and different from the experience of most Chinese people. Chinese likes to hide his words, saying good things to his face and bad things to his face. The so-called secret tricks, but most of them don’t say it very bluntly like Su Mu in the play. Not to mention that because of the preference for boys in her bones, when her daughter runs away from home, her mother completely ignores her.

Film and television dramas need to be dramatized, but if conflicts are imposed to cater to the audience’s cool points and pain points, not only will the proper limit of drama be lost, but also the characters will be exposed to the risk of facial makeup.Nowadays, "hot thinking" is popular in film and television dramas. It is said that writers should actively discuss what ideas have hot potential when they hold a scriptwriting meeting. In order to respond to the market, they will rub hot spots in the script and even exaggerate everything in order to arouse the audience’s emotions. Over time, writing a script is like writing a WeChat official account push, racking their brains to cater to hot spots and output opinions. However, film and television dramas are not public articles after all, and if conflicts are imposed for too long, the audience will be tired.

three

"family of origin determinism" can’t stand scrutiny.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

No matter "family of origin’s determinism" or "family decides personality", there is no strict logic in the argument. Psychologists such as Wu Zhihong only listed a series of cases in which families affected their children, supplemented by big words in new bottles and old wine, to illustrate their views. However, his argumentation process only explained the influence relationship between the two (family-children), and could not be pushed to one side to decide the other.

In fact, "family of origin determinism" has long been refuted in the research of psychologists Neiderhiser, Vukasovi?, Bratko and Briley. They found with rigorous experiments and data.: "About 40% of our personality comes from congenital genetic factors, 60% comes from the influence of non-shared environment, and is hardly influenced by shared environment."

"Behavioral Genetics" edited by Robert Plomin also pointed outThe main characteristics we have (such as intelligence, emotion, personality and health) are either most influenced by nature or most influenced by non-shared environment, but often little influenced by shared environment.(Quoted from "family of origin is not the root of all kinds of psychological problems") family of origin, which the audience is keen to talk about, is part of the shared environment.

Coincidentally, Judith Harris, the author of The Myth of Education, also stressed thatThe proportion of direct influence of family education on children’s adult personality is less than 10%.

The argument of "family of origin determinism" is not sufficient. Why can it be popular in public opinion? Because it caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those anger towards parents, dissatisfaction with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin determinism".

These stereotypes are not only aimed at the bottom, but also pervade all classes. The poor families will have parents’ discord and domestic violence, and the rich family of origin will also have divorced, husband and wife’s discord and indifferent children. However, in the discourse of "family of origin determinism", different families are smeared with heavy stereotypes, as if the poor must be uneducated and vulgar, and the rich must be intoxicated and arrogant and superior, which is derived from it.These superficial binary opposition views, originally just narrative strategies of popular novels, are now widely used in point of view preaching. Instead of solving practical problems, they intensify people’s hatred of the other and deepen stereotypes, but after the noise, nothing really valuable is left.

　　

　　Will the price of gold finally break through the "sky-high price" of $1,000 per ounce? (data picture)

　　Xinhua Online Haihai, January 19 (Reporter Lu Wenjun, Huang Tingjun) On the first trading day in 2008, the international gold price hit a record high, and since then, it has been out of control and has repeatedly set a new record, and the domestic gold price has also had a high fever and reached a new high. After the international gold price successfully stood at the $900 mark per ounce on the 14th, the eyes of global investors turned to the next suspense: will the gold price eventually break through the "sky-high price" of $1,000 per ounce, as predicted by many researchers?

　　The international gold price broke the ceiling of $900 per ounce.

　　Since 2007, the international gold price has changed from "slow cow" to "fast cow", and it is even more bullish in 2008. In 2007, it rose by 31%, and in just a dozen trading days in 2008, the increase has exceeded 9%.

　　The trend of gold in the past week is like a rainbow, breaking through the $900 mark in one fell swoop-

　　On the 8th, the price of crude oil rose by nearly $2, and gold surged sharply under the influence of investors and nervous geopolitics. the New York Mercantile Exchange February gold futures closed at $880.30 per ounce, which exceeded the historical record of $875 per ounce set on January 21st, 1980.

　　On the 10th, influenced by the speeches of European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, the US dollar fell sharply, and the US dollar suffered heavy losses. Gold gained momentum to refresh its high point. Comex February gold futures closed at $893.60 an ounce.

　　On the 11th, gold briefly broke through $900/oz, and the expectation of interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve made investors focus on gold with hedging function out of inflation worries. Comex February gold settled at $897.70 an ounce.

　　On the 14th, the international gold price once again reached an all-time high, with the spot gold hitting an intraday high of $914.2 per ounce. The data of that day showed that the US trade deficit expanded to the highest level in 14 months, which kept the US dollar under pressure and once fell to a seven-week low. Comex February gold closed at $903.40 an ounce.

　　Analysts pointed out that at present, the unilateral upward trend of international gold price is obvious, and the rising rhythm and amplitude are obviously increased. After the important psychological barrier of 900 US dollars/ounce is effectively broken, with this "ceiling" being broken, the future rising space of gold will suddenly become clear.

　　The depreciation of the US dollar is too fast, and it is not out of reach for the gold price to "break thousands".

　　With the sound of gold "rising", breaking through the historical high in 1980 and the threshold of 900 US dollars/ounce is like a bamboo. Many analysts at home and abroad have predicted that the next stop of the "golden age" will be directed at $1,000 per ounce.

　　"One or two years ago, $1,000 an ounce might have been considered sky-high, but now many people believe that this target will be achieved and will be achieved soon." Li Qi, a gold industry insider, said this. He believes that the current rise in gold is a general trend. As long as there is no major negative interest, there is a high probability of rushing to $1,000 per ounce.

　　Shi Weiping, a researcher at orient securities Research Institute, believes that the real leading trend of gold price increase is not only the continuous depreciation of the US dollar, but also the expectation of global inflation and the expectation of rising crude oil prices. These reasons lead to the prominent function of gold as a "hard currency". Under the collective pursuit of investors, $1,000 per ounce is not nonsense.

　　"The rise of gold has become an obvious trend in the international financial field, and even the correction of oil prices has no obvious impact on it, and there are few factors supporting the fall of gold at present." Yang Hongjie, an analyst at Haitong Securities Research Institute, said.

　　Yang Hongjie pointed out that what really makes gold "popular" in the world is actually the transformation of global economic structure, frequent geopolitical and military crises, the possibility of economic recession in the United States, the challenge to the status of US dollar reserve currency, and the reduction of US dollar reserves and the increase of demand for gold reserves by central banks. The more in the transition period of the global economic structure, the more it shows the value-preserving function of gold as a monetary attribute, and the "hard currency" force has led to the high fever of gold prices.

　　"But even if gold rises to $1,000 an ounce, it doesn’t fully explain the problem. If gold is priced in pounds and euros, there may be no big increase, but the dollar has depreciated too fast." Yang Hongjie said so.

　　Investment is risky, and it is too high to be cold.

　　Even though the upward trend of gold will continue, for ordinary investors, gold products that are already at a high level, although there is still a lot of investment space, also have huge investment risks.

　　"It goes up quickly and falls sharply." Li Qi, an insider, analyzed the characteristics of this special variety of gold. He believes that many reasons, such as small plates, hot market, the entry of international hot money and the demand for safe haven of capital, have led to a sharp rise in the current international gold price.

　　For example, Li Qi said that gold trading is a small market in the world. If a small part of global foreign exchange transactions enter the gold market, the price of gold can be pushed up by tens of dollars in an instant. Great fluctuation also means great risk, and the investment value of the gold market, which is currently at a high level, has been reduced.

　　The risk of the gold futures market is self-evident. When the gold price sword refers to $1,000 per ounce, more and more investors may flood in, and profit-taking or even short-selling may trap a large number of new investors. Yang Hongjie reminded that the derivatives market fluctuates greatly, and ordinary investors are inexperienced. Moreover, as gold is an investment product, investors must study complex international financial issues, instead of just studying supply and demand issues like investing in copper.

　　Li Qi added that from the operational point of view, China’s gold futures and Comex futures are closely linked, and investors must pay attention to the risk of staying in the warehouse overnight by adopting the market mechanism of various industries.

　　For spot gold investment, there is also cost risk. "Even though the price of gold may rise to $1,000 per ounce, the current price is still high. For investing in spot gold, the cost problem is inevitable, and we must consider who will eventually fall on the’ pass the parcel’." Yang Hongjie reminded.

　　Shi Weiping, a researcher in orient securities, believes that even if investing in gold is used as a hedging tool, it is based on the expectation of the future decline of the US dollar and the increase of inflationary pressure, then there may be a problem that investment is out of cost, and the risk will naturally increase.

　　As an insider, Li Qi suggested that ordinary investors should not regard gold as an important investment product, but as a good allocation product. Controlling the investment ratio and acting according to one’s ability is conducive to effectively allocating assets and resisting price risks. "If the price of gold is $400, you can even allocate 50%, but at present, if you want to offset $1,000, you can only allocate 10%." Li Qi gave such investment advice.

Editor: Zhou Zhongxiao

Advertisements on web pages

Feng Chun ‘an (a pseudonym), who works in a cultural company, brushed a message on the Internet last year. A company claimed that it could evaluate junior, middle and senior engineers nationwide, but the evaluation could be fully refunded, so he paid a registration fee of 6,500 yuan, hoping to take a shortcut to get his favorite intermediate engineer title. But today, he didn’t get the title and didn’t refund the registration fee.

The title evaluation failed to refuse the refund through the agency company.

In April last year, Feng Chun ‘an saw an advertisement issued by Chongqing Jiuer Education Company to evaluate the title of mechanical intermediate engineer in Tik Tok. "Because of my work, I need an intermediate title certificate." He said that the company claimed that the pass rate was high and it was declared nationwide, but it was fully refunded, so it called for consultation.

The salesman of the company promised Feng Chun ‘an that as long as he paid the registration fee of 6,800 yuan, he would be able to evaluate in December of that year and receive the certificate in April 2024, and he also claimed to sign the Service Agreement for Title Declaration.

"I read the agreement, and there is no title review but full refund clause. I have some doubts, but the salesman said that after paying the money, you can sign a supplementary agreement, and the content can’t be fully refunded."

In order to dispel Feng Chun ‘an’s suspicion, the salesman also provided the company’s business license, which reassured Feng Chun, so he paid a registration fee of 6,800 yuan and signed the Service Agreement for Title Application and the Supplementary Agreement.

On November 29th last year, the salesman of the company informed Feng Chun ‘an that the title was not declared successfully through WeChat, and promised to make up the declaration. If the application is unsuccessful on May 1, 2024, you can get a full refund.

On May 1st this year, Feng Chun ‘an failed to declare his middle-level position again, and he can get a refund according to the Supplementary Agreement. On May 7th, Feng Chun ‘an offered a full refund. However, the company refused a full refund on the grounds that it used most of the expenses, which was rejected by Feng Chunan. The company was only willing to refund 30%, but was rejected by Feng Chunan.

The reporter was informed that at present, the two sides are still negotiating.

The company has been deserted.

Offline registration was rejected.

On May 30th, the reporter searched for Chongqing Jiuer Education Company in Tik Tok, and still could see the company’s agency title advertisement. The advertisement content was that the professional title of engineer was universal all over the country, and it was 100% covered, which saved the trouble and effort, but it was fully refunded.

In order to convince everyone that it can be packaged, there are also information such as the company address, photos of the company’s office space, business license, legal person ID card, and professional title certificate that has been processed.

On the afternoon of the same day, the reporter went to the 9th floor of Block E of Power International in Yubei District, and found that the company had been deserted, and the original office space had been replaced by a technology company.

The front desk staff of this technology company told reporters that the previous company had checked out in April, and their company was newly renovated in May this year.

The reporter also contacted a person in charge of the company, surnamed Zhang, who said that his company no longer accepts the business of intermediate title of engineer. "Now that the market supervision department is in strict control, we can only digest the stock in our hands first." He said that they sent advertisements for platforms such as Tik Tok, but he denied that they had "packaged" the advertisements. When the reporter mentioned the "but refundable" clause, he faltered.

When the reporter said that he needed a junior title, the person in charge became interested again, and said that he would act as an agent for the junior title, with a registration fee of 3,800 yuan and a time of 3 to 5 months.

When the reporter said that he was going to register in person and pay the money, he was very vigilant and asked the reporter many times what he did. Seeing that the reporter still insisted on paying the bill to the company, he hung up the phone directly.

"They all do this and accept online registration fees." Mr. Liang, who has paid the money for one year and still hasn’t got the title certificate, said that he once visited the company and found that the office space didn’t have the name of Chongqing Jiuer Education Company. When asked why the company name was not hung, the employees said that the previous one was too old and a new company name was being made.

Feng Chun ‘an said that in mid-May, the company refused to refund. He called the Jiangbei District Market Supervision Bureau to complain. Law enforcement officers came to the door and found that there was no company name, and the employees did not admit that they were employees of Chongqing Jiuyi Education Company.

"Finally, the employee took out the business license and found that the registered address was in Shapingba, so the law enforcement officers had to hand over the case to the market supervision department of Shapingba District." Feng Chunan said.

Paid agency suspected of fraud

Can report to the public security organ.

Pei, from Heilongjiang, paid a registration fee of 6,800 yuan on February 17 last year. In April this year, he was informed that he failed to declare successfully, but he did not get a refund. At present, Pei has entrusted a lawyer to apply for arbitration. The reporter’s investigation found that there are still many people who have been cheated in the country.

In addition to Chongqing Jiuer Education Company, many companies in Chongqing are also doing title agency. On social media such as Tik Tok, the reporter entered the keyword "agency title" and searched for a number of such companies, whose advertising content was similar to that of Chongqing Jiuer Education Company.

The reporter contacted a staff member of Shapingba District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. He said that they have received many complaints that the job title was cheated.

"These paid agency titles are actually used as bait to implement fraud." The staff member said that at present, the city is carrying out special rectification actions for intermediaries in the field of professional titles, focusing on rectifying false advertising, contract traps and false title fraud.

The Shapingba District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau reminded that if consumers encounter illegal acts suspected of fraud with the title of paid agency as bait, they can report to the public security organs, and the public security organs will investigate and deal with relevant clues according to law. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

At present, the market supervision department of Shapingba District and Shapingba Human Resources and Social Security Bureau are conducting investigation and handling.

A little more news.

The Municipal People’s Social Security Bureau reminded that the title package is fake.

At the beginning of this year, for online intermediaries, "the title evaluation is only a full refund", which attracted the attention of netizens. The Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau reminded that it is false to review the title package, not to charge if it is unsuccessful, not to pass the promise before payment, and to declare a full refund.

The Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security reminded that after paying fees through social media, titles can be entrusted to companies and individuals, and after claiming to pay fees through social media such as Tik Tok, websites and small advertisements, titles can be entrusted to them, but the refund of fees and other methods are all suspected of fraud.

At present, Chongqing has not designated any intermediary or agency to handle professional titles. For the catalogue of professional title evaluation committees and organizations at all levels approved for filing, please refer to official website of the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and charge professional title evaluation fees in accordance with relevant regulations. (New Chongqing-chongqing morning post reporter Zheng Sanbo)

Author | Tong Yang

Editor | Zhang Ai, Zhang Qi

Vision | Zhang Ai

Editor | Han Weiye

In the urban renewal market, the stock area of industrial remains is about 3 billion square meters, scattered in the north, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Tianjin and the old industrial base cities in the past.Beijing alone has retired 233 old industrial plants, covering a total area of more than 25 million square meters.

In the past few years, the industrial heritage stock market has hatched two A-share listed companies: Derby Group and Jinhe Commercial. They take the content of cultural creation as the breakthrough point, and through the transformation and operation of "repairing the old as new", let the old factory glow with new life and explore new business opportunities in the real estate field.

Recently, Derby Group (stock code: SZ300947) released its first performance announcement after listing.The company achieved a total operating income of 955 million yuan and a net profit of 104 million yuan.The performance of the whole year was stable.

Figure 1: The stock price trend of Derby Group since its listing.

Source: Oriental Fortune (300059) Network.

01

Under the "second landlord" mode, the profitability is strong.

As an operation service provider of cultural, creative and technological innovation industrial parks, Derby Group’s main business is the positioning, design, transformation, investment promotion, operation management and in-depth value-added services to enterprises of Wenchuang Industrial Park. Its business model includes three categories:Lease operation, entrusted operation and equity participation operation.

The annual report revealed that Deby’s operating income in 2021 was 955 million yuan, mainly from leasing services, membership services and other services.

Figure 2: The proportion of all sectors of Derby Group in total operating income in 2021.

Source: Oriental Fortune Network

It’s not hard to see,Leasing service is the main source of revenue of Derby Group.In 2021, Deby Group’s rental service income accounts for more than 80% of the company’s total revenue, and members and other income correspond to entrusted operation and shareholding operation projects, with relatively small income and gross profit margin of only 1.92%.

The rental service income corresponds to the rental part of the "lease operation" project, which is essentially the "second landlord" model we often say, indicating that Derby Group mainly develops through "lease-operation". Although the outside world is sensitive to the "second landlord" model due to the "Ponzi scheme" of long-term rental apartments, from the data point of view, the gross profit margin of Debi Group’s leased operation remained above 37% from 2019 to 2021, and reached 48.34% in 2021.It is 4 percentage points higher than Jinhe Commercial, which is the leader of the same industry.Profitability is very strong.

Figure 3: Gross profit margin of leasing services of Derby Group from 2019 to 2021.

Source: Oriental Fortune Network

Ruihe think tank believes that Derby Group has considerable profitability. On the one hand, in the field of urban renewal, when urbanization develops to a certain stage, the value of a large number of old properties will inevitably be seriously mismatched with the value of the region.Therefore, the second landlord model is one of the important ways to revitalize existing assets and quickly realize resource integration.On the other hand, this is also inseparable from the cultivation of the whole chain operation system and brand power of the products by Derby Group itself.

02

Under the industrial chain, build a whole life cycle operation system.

In fact, the choice of business model is only a question of adaptability, how to establish industrial positioning, planning and construction, investment operation and customer service, etc.The whole life cycle operation system is the key to the success of light assets.

As most of the early cultural and creative parks were formed spontaneously,Only the rent level is used as the criterion for attracting investment, which has caused problems such as thin and broken industrial chain.For example, the industrial chain of Beijing 798 Art District is very fragile, its anti-risk ability is not strong, and its core competitiveness is insufficient, which leads to it being only a punching place in online celebrity.

Derby Group has been committed to a whole-process business chain such as project transformation, planning and operation, highlighting the ability to attract investment, and by purposefully selecting enterprises to settle in,Implement the integration of resource allocation in the industry to make the creative industrial chain in the park more complete.From the different stages of production, manufacturing, promotion and sales, the upstream and downstream of the industry can contact and communicate, resulting in the effect of 1+1>2.

During the reporting period, the average annual occupancy rate of Debi Mature Park has reached 93.5%, an increase of 4.5% compared with 2020.Among them, the occupancy rate of 9 parks reached 100%.And in 2021, the overall vacancy rate of Shanghai industrial parks will drop to 10.8%, while the overall vacancy rate of parks operated by Deby is only about 6.5%, far below the regional industry average.

03

Under branding, the scale has expanded rapidly.

In recent years, with the rapid development and maturity of Shanghai Science and Technology Park, the market tends to be saturated, so Derby Group has gradually stepped out of Shanghai.However, the premise of scale expansion must ensure that the industrial park of the enterprise itself is a systematic, branded and life-cycle high-quality park.Otherwise, it will be difficult to maintain stability.

With creative design ability as the core, Derby Group has continuously accumulated experience in park design, planning and renovation, and gradually launched a series of park brands such as "Derby Easy Park", "Derby WE" and "Derby Sports LOFT". After gaining a firm foothold in the Shanghai base camp, Deby will expand on a large scale in core first-and second-tier cities such as Beijing, Hangzhou, Xi ‘an, Shenzhen and even abroad. In 2021, the leasable area of Derby is 1,001,600 square meters, a substantial increase of 25.2% compared with 2020. This scale expansion will bring new income and profit growth for the company’s future development and help sustainable development.

Figure 4: Operation and management area of Derby Group from 2020 to 2021 (10,000 square meters)

Source: Enterprise Annual Report

According to the financial report data, Derby Group will be at the base camp in 2021.The gross profit margin in Shanghai is 42.27%.Strong profitability;The gross profit margin in Beijing is 27.92%.Although it is lower than Shanghai, Ruihe think tank believes that on the one hand, some projects are short-lived, and the project operation is in the climbing period; On the other hand, the existing high-quality projects tend to be saturated, the pressure of new projects is great, more funds are invested, and the turnover needs a certain period.

Table 1: Operating Income of Derby Group in 2021 by Region

Source: annual report of the enterprise (gross profit rate data of projects in other regions are not given by Derby Group in the annual report of the enterprise).

02

The Future Development Path of Production-Management-asset-light strategy Model

Although in the "second landlord" mode, there will be problems such as low project growth, limited profitability and land property disputes. However, both Deby Group and Jinhe Commercial can achieve healthy development under this model, which also proves its feasibility and brings some inspiration to asset-light strategy, a manufacturing industry.

1. Profit model: Multi-business seeks potential profit growth points.

According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2019, there were more than 3,000 industrial parks in various provinces, cities and countries across the country, and it was estimated that there were more than 10,000 Wenchuang industrial parks without listing certification. In addition, many owners have begun to lay out creative parks or renovate old factories, such as Shanghai Textile Group and Shanghai Yidian Huaxin. The entry of these state-owned players will lead to the scarcity of high-quality assets in the market. Therefore,Private cultural and creative enterprises must broaden many business boundaries and constantly tap new profit growth points in order to continue to compete.

Just like Derby Group, as mentioned above, the rental income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of Derby Group. Under the dual landlord model, the profit structure is relatively simple.But at present, Deby is also actively developing property rights investment and service income.For example, Rude will take advantage of platform advantages and information advantages by "exchanging rent for equity", select enterprises with good growth, and invest in intangible assets such as cash, physical objects, brands and use rights to share the operating income of enterprises. However, the business is still in the cultivation stage and will become a new profit growth point in the future.

Besides,Derby is also deeply laying out the development of ecological business related to the operation of industrial parks.For example, taking Debi’s "West Hongqiao Debi Easy Garden" as an example, the company actively explores and cultivates new energy H2 business; At the same time, we are also exploring the distributed data center based on the park and related services such as communication, Internet of Things and traffic distribution.

Image source: the idea of the worm

2. Make full use of regional characteristic resources.

At present, the main body of the transformation of Wenchuang Industrial Park in China is old factories, and the characteristics of old factories in different cities and regions are different. The transformation of Wenchuang Garden emphasizes giving new life to traditional old buildings and reappearing their cultural characteristics. Therefore,In the transformation and design of the project, we should adhere to the orientation of the industry and culture of the park.Strengthen the excavation and support of cultural resources to avoid the problem that the cultural foundation is weak and cannot support its development and fall into the low-end business model.

For example, Shanghai Changning Debi Park, formerly known as Shanghai Aerospace 809 Computer Research Institute, has made great contributions to China’s space industry. During the transformation, Deby insisted on the cultural orientation of "simplicity and change" in the Book of Changes, and continued the simple, elegant and secluded style of the Aerospace Research Institute, providing enterprises with a garden-like office experience in Frank Shu. After the completion of the Shanghai Changning Debi Park project, hundreds of well-known multimedia enterprises at home and abroad and nearly ten multimedia professional organizations have gathered, including Public Comment Network and lagardere, a fortune 500 enterprise. At present, it has been rated as the demonstration park of Shanghai Cultural and Creative Industry Park in 2021-2022.

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We say that Wenchuang Industrial Park wants to achieve long-term and stable development. On the one hand, no matter which operation mode is adopted,We must intensively cultivate our own operational service capabilities.Create an operating brand with its own characteristics; On the other hand, grasp the outlet of industrial investment and cultivate industrial investment business in a timely manner.Realize diversified channel profitability.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the cultural industry is still in the "development window", and the competition between cultural and creative parks will be more intense. It remains to be seen whether Derby Group and Jinhe Commercial can hold the top spot in the cultural and creative industrial park.

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How does Jinhe Business, which relies heavily on the "second landlord" model, go in the future? | Production Office Asset Management

On the multi-format integration of production-run parks | production-run asset management

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Real Estate Asset Management Network. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Without network security, there is no national security. The Network Security Law of the People’s Republic of China is an important law in the field of national security and the first basic law in the field of network security. Over the past five years, this law has played an important role in implementing the overall national security concept, comprehensively implementing the strategy of strengthening the country through the internet, and safeguarding the sovereignty, security and development interests of the national cyberspace.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We must adhere to the rule of law, run the Internet according to law, and surf the Internet according to law, so that the Internet can operate healthily on the track of the rule of law." The promulgation of the cyber security law conforms to the development trend of cyberspace security and rule of law, and opens a new stage of managing the network according to law. The network security law not only sets the basic systems of network operation security and network information security, but also provides the basic legal basis for establishing and improving the specific management system of related aspects.

　　In recent years, China has accelerated the top-level design in the field of network security, and a system of network security laws, regulations and policy standards with the network security law as the core has basically taken shape. From the promulgation of laws and regulations such as the Data Security Law, the Personal Information Protection Law, and the Regulations on the Security Protection of Key Information Infrastructure, to the promulgation of departmental regulations and policy documents such as the Measures for the Review of Network Security, the Measures for the Security Assessment of Cloud Computing Services, and Several Provisions on the Safety Management of Automobile Data (for Trial Implementation), to the formulation and publication of more than 300 national standards, and the promotion of the publication of a number of international standards & HELIP; … The continuous improvement of relevant systems in the field of network security has provided a solid legal guarantee for safeguarding national network security and the vital interests of the people.

　　The vitality of law lies in its implementation. In recent years, all localities and departments have incorporated network security into the overall situation of economic and social development to plan and deploy, increased network security protection, and promoted the implementation of the network security law. The National Internet Information Office investigated and dealt with all kinds of illegal cases according to law, which formed a powerful shock. According to statistics, in 2021, the national network information system interviewed 5,654 website platforms in accordance with the law, and cancelled the website license or filing with the telecommunications authorities and closed 17,456 illegal websites; The Ministry of Public Security has deployed special actions to resolutely crack down on illegal crimes that infringe on users’ information security and effectively curb the spread of such illegal and criminal activities. Relevant measures have greatly improved the level of Internet governance in China and pushed the network security work to a higher level and deeper level.

　　Network security is the line of defense and the bottom line. To maintain network security and nip in the bud, we should coordinate the legalization and standardization of network security. It is necessary to speed up supporting legislation and strengthen cross-departmental, cross-regional and cross-industry law enforcement cooperation in network security. At the same time, strengthen the top-level design of national standards for cybersecurity, constantly improve the national standards system for cybersecurity, and make great efforts to improve the quality of standards. In accordance with the requirements of the Network Security Law, we should pay equal attention to the development of information technology and network security. For network security, we should not only attach importance to information security and ideological security, but also create a clean and energetic cyberspace, effectively prevent network attacks and effectively safeguard the security of network information systems.

　　Maintaining network security is the common responsibility of the whole society. Further improve legislation, strictly enforce the law, promote law-abiding, give full play to the joint role of management departments, network operators, service users, industry associations and users, and constantly promote the legalization of cyberspace, so as to continuously build a network security defense line and let the people enjoy a beautiful digital life.

　　People’s Daily (June 10, 2022, 05 edition)

　　[Expert Viewpoint]

　　Author: Li Yongquan (Director, Eurasian Institute for Social Development, the State Council Development Research Center)

　　This year marks the tenth anniversary of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative. The third "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum was held in Beijing. Relevant national leaders, heads of international organizations, ministerial officials and people from all walks of life, such as business circles, academic institutions and non-governmental organizations, gathered together to talk about the achievements of ten years of joint construction and plan future cooperation. At present, the "Belt and Road" has gradually developed from a multilateral pragmatic cooperation initiative into a major practice of building a community of human destiny and has become a popular international public product and international cooperation platform.

　　Draw a beautiful blueprint together

　　In the past ten years, the construction of the "Belt and Road" has been steadily advanced. In the process of implementing the "Belt and Road Initiative", China and the co-construction countries have carried forward the spirit of Silk Road, determined the cooperation principle of joint construction and sharing, outlined the cooperation framework, realized the docking of a series of development strategies and cooperation mechanisms, and made remarkable achievements in the fields of policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, capital financing and popular support. After proposing the "Belt and Road Initiative", China has successively proposed a series of documents detailing this initiative and sketched out the blueprint for the construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative". Its main content is summarized as six corridors and six roads, multi-country and multi-port. Six corridors refer to the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia, China-Indochina Peninsula, China-Pakistan and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar international economic cooperation corridors; Sixth Road refers to the comprehensive information network of railways, highways, shipping, aviation, pipelines and spaces; Multinational refers to a group of early cooperation countries; Multi-port refers to the construction of several maritime fulcrum ports.

　　In the past ten years, under the guidance of the blueprint, the government of China, the industrial and commercial circles, and the governments and enterprises of the co-construction countries have worked hard to explore cooperation areas, expand cooperation channels, plan and implement cooperation projects, and strive to create new opportunities for economic development and co-construction of countries, especially in the world economic downturn, many projects spawned by the "Belt and Road" have become bright spots.

　　It is worth pointing out that many cooperative projects are jointly established by the co-construction countries with an innovative attitude. These projects fully take into account the needs of building a national development strategy, market needs and regional cooperation. Therefore, the blueprint for the cooperation of the "Belt and Road" is jointly drawn by the country.

　　Share the fruits of solid cooperation

　　When China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative, it put forward some important principles for building the Belt and Road Initiative, such as the famous "five links" and the principle of docking development strategies, and successively put forward cooperation concepts such as "health, green, digital and innovation" in the process of building the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　In the early days of the "Belt and Road" construction, China proposed to jointly build a national deepening docking development strategy, explore new cooperation dynamics from their respective development strategies, plan new cooperation visions, lock in new cooperation achievements, and provide more kinetic energy for each other’s economic growth. Over the past decade, the cooperation between China and the co-construction countries under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative has yielded fruitful results. The docking cooperation between China and the Eurasian Economic Union, the Lancang-Mekong River cooperation mechanism, and the docking cooperation between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Greater Eurasian Partnership have all spawned new areas of cooperation and promoted regional economic cooperation.

　　The "Belt and Road" construction has promoted the level of interconnection between China and neighboring countries, promoted the growth of trade among countries, promoted financial and investment cooperation, and promoted friendship and mutual understanding among people of all countries. During the epidemic in COVID-19, the "One Belt, One Road" project made important contributions to countries’ fight against epidemic and solving urgent social and economic problems. At present, CEIBS has connected 112 cities in China, passed through more than 100 cities in 11 Asian countries and regions, and reached more than 200 cities in 25 European countries and regions, which has become a link to build a country together. Infrastructure connectivity between China and Central Asian countries, such as China West-Europe West Highway, China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Highway and other interconnection projects, has made Central Asian landlocked countries a bridge and corridor between the East and the West, greatly improved the development environment for building a country together, and turned the bottleneck in the past development into a positive factor.

　　Under the framework of "One Belt, One Road", there are frequent highlights of cooperation among countries. China-Kazakhstan industrial cooperation, China-Laos Railway, Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and other projects have become models of mutually beneficial cooperation. In the areas of smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support, the construction of the "Belt and Road" has also achieved gratifying results. The construction of the Maritime Silk Road is also remarkable. Since the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road Shipping network has continued to expand. By the end of June this year, the Silk Road Shipping route has reached 117 ports in 43 countries around the world, and more than 300 well-known shipping companies, port enterprises and think tanks at home and abroad have joined the Silk Road Shipping Alliance. It can be said that the routes and ports are dotted with sea transportation extending in all directions.

　　The achievements of the "Belt and Road" construction make it more attractive and sustainable.

　　Work together to build a community of destiny

　　In the past ten years, the construction of the "Belt and Road" has made remarkable achievements and encountered a series of challenges. On the whole, the theme of the times of peace and development has not changed, the general direction of economic globalization has not changed, the strategic situation of international development is beneficial to us, and building the "Belt and Road" still faces important opportunities.

　　The original intention of the "Belt and Road Initiative" is to combine China’s development with the development of building a country, to combine the Chinese dream with the dreams of the people of all countries, and to give the ancient Silk Road a brand-new era connotation. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative put forward by China has been widely welcomed by co-construction countries, which are mainly developing countries and emerging economies. The cooperative ideas and ideas contained in this initiative have been deeply rooted in the hearts of these countries and regions.

　　Some countries think that the cooperation concept contained in the "Belt and Road Initiative" has impacted the western "egoism" and "law of the jungle", so they ganged up to boycott the "Belt and Road" construction. However, the historical trend is unstoppable. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative to build a country has realized the charm, potential and effect of this initiative through cooperation, and appreciates the concept contained in this initiative, because it represents the development direction of new international relations and the general trend of human social development.

　　The "Belt and Road" originated in China and belongs to the world; Rooted in history and facing the future. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party stressed the need to promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. It can be expected that the "Belt and Road" construction carries global development initiatives, global security initiatives and global civilization initiatives, which will encourage co-construction countries to participate more actively in regional economic cooperation, achieve more solid development strategy docking, and more effectively safeguard their own interests. No matter how the international situation changes, as long as we maintain our strategic strength, seize strategic opportunities and actively respond to challenges, we will continue to advance towards the goal of building a community of destiny.

　　Guangming Daily (October 17, 2023, 08 edition)

　

Barefoot doctor: the political embodiment of village doctors

　

Our reporter/Li Mingzi

　

Published in China Newsweek, No.1019, November 8, 2021.

　

After practicing medicine in the countryside for 54 years, Ma Wenfang is still used to being called "barefoot doctor" by villagers, although this title has been officially cancelled since 1985.

　

The term "barefoot doctor" first appeared in the people’s commune period of the last century. In the summer of 1968, Red Flag, sponsored by The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC), published a survey report on the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of barefoot doctors in Shanghai. At the beginning of the article, I wrote, "Barefoot doctor" is an affectionate name for poor middle peasants in the suburbs of Shanghai who are semi-medical and semi-agricultural health workers. "

　

This article was published in People’s Daily on September 14th of the same year on the instruction of Mao Zedong, and "barefoot doctor" soon became a hot topic of public opinion at that time. Barefoot doctors everywhere have naturally become "typical" reported by the media-"Cowboy in the old society" studies medicine hard and treats incurable diseases for poor and middle peasants by virtue of "a red heart for great leaders". The image of barefoot doctors was painted in posters, comic books and even printed on stamps, food stamps and calendars, which became a vivid symbol of that era.

　

For Ma Wenfang, a village doctor in Suliuzhuang Village, Dagangli Township, Tongxu County, Henan Province, despite the aura of this group in a special era, barefoot doctors’ greatest contribution is to provide farmers with the most basic health protection. At that time, barefoot doctors walked in the fields with straw hats on their heads and medicine boxes on their backs to prevent and treat diseases for farmers who lacked medical care. When malaria was prevalent, it was also these barefoot doctors who went door-to-door to ask for advice, "delivering medicine to the hands, seeing the mouth, not swallowing and not walking", and finally eliminated malaria.

　

In its annual report from 1980 to 1981, the United Nations Children’s Fund concluded that China’s "barefoot doctor" model provided primary care for backward rural areas and provided a model for underdeveloped countries to improve their medical and health standards.

　

After the 1980s, the people’s commune system collapsed, and the barefoot doctor system established on this basis also disappeared. The book From Barefoot Doctors to Rural Doctors records that although the forms of medical services in rural areas have changed since then, the main staff of rural doctors are still barefoot doctors. Many of them have been working until today in the 21st century.

　

The birth of rural political stars

　

"In the 1950s and 1960s, there were no doctors in our village." Ma Wenfang recalled to China News Weekly that at that time, large-scale communes had hospitals, while small-scale communes didn’t even have clinics, and some small communes might have old Chinese medicine practitioners. At that time, ordinary people generally had no money to buy medicine. If farmers had a fever or a cold, they would eat a handful of millet, drink a bowl of hot water, go home to bed and sweat. If you are seriously ill, you can’t afford to go to the hospital in the city, so you can only go home and die.

　

Lack of doctors and medicines was a common situation at that time, and in rural areas with poor economic conditions, doctors and medicines were even more scarce. According to statistics, in 1964, 69% of senior health technicians were in cities and 31% in rural areas, of which only 10% were below the county level. At that time, the population distribution was just the opposite. The urban population only accounted for 1/10, and over 90% of the population lived in rural areas.

　

Ma Wenfang’s mother died of typhoid fever in the 1960s at the age of 32. Five days after his mother died, his 8-year-old brother contracted cold again. The child is skinny, because there is no doctor and no medicine, and he will be unconscious after a few days of illness. Nearby villagers donated 169 life-saving money for 1 cent and 2 cents, and then took Ma Wenfang’s brother to Kaifeng People’s Hospital for treatment. Five days later, he died.

　

"In less than two months, my family lost two lives. At that time, I knelt at the grave and swore that I would be a doctor, treat my fellow villagers and repay my kindness. " Ma Wenfang recalled.

　

At that time, the new rural health care system was being explored. In August 1950, the first national health conference was held. In view of rural health care, the idea of "setting up health centers in counties, health centers in districts, health committees in administrative villages and health workers in natural villages" was put forward. While strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots health institutions, medical personnel are also organized to go to the countryside to support rural grass-roots units.

　

In January, 1965, Mao Zedong approved the Report of the Party Group of the Ministry of Health to the Central Committee on Organizing Mobile Medical Teams to Go to Rural Areas. Taking this directive as a major political task, all localities quickly organized medical teams to go to rural areas, forest areas and pastoral areas to conduct roving medical treatment. Huang Jiasi, an expert in thoracic surgery, Zhou Huakang, an expert in pediatrics, and Lin Qiaozhi, an expert in gynecology, have all participated in itinerant medical treatment.

　

In this regard, Yang Nianqun, a professor at the Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China, pointed out in his article "Epidemic Prevention Behavior and Spatial Politics" that for a long time after liberation, medical personnel only visited the countryside irregularly in the form of ambulance teams, and it was impossible to form a relatively institutionalized network of diagnosis, treatment and epidemic prevention in the vast rural areas.

　

On June 26, 1965, Mao Zedong said after listening to the work report of the Ministry of Health: "The work of the Ministry of Health only serves 15% of the national population, and the 15% is mainly the old man. The vast number of farmers have no medical treatment, no medical treatment and no medicine. The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people, but the Ministry of Health of the city or the Ministry of Health of the city, or the Ministry of Health of the city! " Mao Zedong instructed: "The focus of medical and health work should be placed in the countryside!" "Cultivate a large number of doctors who can afford it in rural areas, and they will serve farmers."

　

This passage was later called "June 26 instruction". On September 1 of the same year, People’s Daily published an editorial entitled "Putting the focus of medical and health work in rural areas" on the front page. The word "barefoot doctor" was not mentioned at that time.

　

Shanghai took the lead in piloting. In the summer of 1965, Jiangzhen Commune, Chuansha County, Shanghai began to run a training course. Huang Yuxiang, who graduated from Suzhou Medical College, served as a teacher, teaching medical common sense and simple treatment methods. After studying in a crash course for 4 months, the students returned to the commune as health workers. Wang Guizhen, who was later called "the first barefoot doctor in China", was one of the first students in this training class.

　

Wang and Huang used the method of "combining local culture with foreign culture" to save money for local villagers to see a doctor, and they also had to farm in the fields every day. The name "barefoot doctor" became popular among villagers unconsciously. In 1968, Shanghai Wen Wei Po published a report on Wang and Huang-Looking at the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of "barefoot doctors". This article was subsequently reprinted in full by Red Flag magazine and People’s Daily.

　

Due to the urgent demand for medical resources in rural areas and the political background of the personal instructions of the top leaders in special periods, the "barefoot doctor" system has been rapidly popularized throughout the country. According to the Report of the Ministry of Health on the National Working Conference of Barefoot Doctors at that time, by the end of 1975, the number of "barefoot doctors" in rural areas of China had reached more than 1.5 million, and there were more than 3.9 million health workers and midwives in production teams.

　

"Class composition" and "ideological consciousness" are the primary criteria for selecting barefoot doctors. An article by Xinhua News Agency published in the fifth edition of People’s Daily on June 23, 1969: "Students are recommended by poor lower-middle peasants and approved by the commune revolutionary committee, and the children of poor lower-middle peasants with good composition, high ideological awareness, active labor and certain culture are sent to training classes for study; The living expenses of the students are borne by the brigade. After graduation, they will return to the team to treat the poor and middle peasants. "

　

In 1967, Ma Wenfang, who had finished junior high school, was elected as a "barefoot doctor" by the brigade to study in the commune training class for one year. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, at that time, it was necessary to learn anatomy, physiology and diagnostics of western medicine, but also to recite Chinese herbal medicines and learn acupuncture. Students did not have textbooks, only one-page materials printed by mimeograph.

　

Being a barefoot doctor is easier to earn more work points than ordinary villagers. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, there was no salary during the people’s commune period, and they all earned work points. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, according to the content and quantity of labor, each person can earn at most 10 points per day and at least five or six points, while being a barefoot doctor can be regarded as "full attendance", with 280 points per month, and receiving food from the production team at the end of the month.

　

At that time, cooperative medical care was adopted in rural areas, and the primary medical expenses were co-ordinated by the production brigade. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, each person pays 10 cents a month, and the rest is the responsibility of the brigade. Thanks to the support of the collective economy, farmers can enjoy the most basic medical care requirements at very little cost. The article "Analysis of the reasons for the success of rural medical cooperation in the period of people’s commune" points out that "the existence of people’s commune system ensures the low-cost operation of rural cooperative medical system. Under the rural cooperative medical system, the rural health website consisting of village health stations, commune health centers and county hospitals covers almost all villages in the country. "

　

Yang Nianqun pointed out that it was not until the establishment of the barefoot doctor system that the instructions of the upper medical administration, such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of anti-epidemic drugs, were really implemented, and the orders were banned, which was rapid and abnormal.

　

Writer Zhu Yong noticed a very interesting phenomenon. In all contemporary art works, barefoot doctors almost invariably appear as girls. In his book The Fate of Diseases in Revolution: The Saints’ Description of Barefoot Doctors, he wrote that in reality, an old image of Chinese medicine will give patients a sense of trust, but the art is different. The painter subconsciously endowed barefoot doctors with "the function of a goddess in European classical painting", and the barefoot doctors’ interpretation of life in the image of girls came not only from their careers, but also from their bodies themselves.

　

Barefoot doctors became the political stars of that era, not only had the opportunity to participate in the National Day parade, but also became the protagonists in political propaganda films. Wang Guizhen, a barefoot doctor, is the prototype of the leading role in the film "Spring Seedling". In addition to the real medical experience, Tian Chunmiao, the leading role of the film, is also given a "political task". Tian Chunmiao is different from the "doctor in the system" who only cares about cutting-edge topics, regardless of the life and death of poor and middle peasants. She not only cares about the proletariat, but also has a first-class medical service, which cured the waist and leg disease of poor peasant Shui Changbo, thus allowing Shui Changbo to successfully join the struggle with the director of the hospital.

　

Limited medical security

　

"Due to the limited professional medical level of barefoot doctors, the medical problems they can actually solve are limited. It can only be said that under the conditions at that time, barefoot doctors provided a kind of help to the grassroots." Zhang Daqing, director of the Department of Medical History and Philosophy in peking university health science center, analyzed China Newsweek.

　

Ma Wenfang also said that barefoot doctors mainly deal with common diseases such as headache, brain fever and tracheitis. If they encounter diseases that require surgery such as acute appendicitis, they need to be transferred to a higher level hospital as soon as possible. The daily work is to carry a medicine chest to work in the fields, which contains acupuncture needles, common medicines and the "old three", namely stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and thermometer. In summer, when someone gets sunstroke while working in the field, Ma Wenfang immediately goes over to relieve the heat. If someone bumps and scratches, he will go over to disinfect and bandage; When pesticides are used in cotton fields, people are often poisoned by inhaling pesticides. Later, people often commit suicide by drinking pesticides, so barefoot doctors should go to first aid.

　

The book Creation and Reconstruction —— Research on Rural Cooperative Medical System and Barefoot Doctors in Collectivization Period concludes that by the mid-1960s, due to continuous study, practice and training, health care workers (later barefoot doctors) had mastered the treatment of dozens of common diseases, the use of dozens of drugs, acupuncture and simple Chinese herbal medicine knowledge.

　

At that time, drugs were still in short supply and the price was high. Farmers only spend two cents to buy two aspirin when they have a bad cold. If they can’t cure it, they will add a penicillin. Ma Wenfang remembers very clearly that the purchase price of a penicillin is 15.8 cents and the selling price is 18 cents, which is the same price in the whole country.

　

"At that time, everyone earned work points, and everyone did not have the concept of making money." Ma Wenfang explained that the medicine was bought by the Murakami Brigade with money, and the income went to the public. At that time, it was a planned economy, and there was no need to buy more precious antibiotics like penicillin. Each brigade in each village received up to 10 antibiotics per month.

　

Zhang Daqing believes that barefoot doctors have played a positive role in the modernization and popularization of drugs in rural areas. As for the "barefoot doctors aggravated the abuse of antibiotics" mentioned in some studies, Zhang Daqing thought it was a kind of "hindsight". Antibiotics could relieve patients’ pain relatively quickly at that time, but the drug use standard was not popular at that time, so it was not appropriate to delve into it.

　

Under the conditions at that time, few farmers could afford western medicine, and most villagers still relied on "three soil and four self-reliance" to see a doctor, that is, native medicine, earthwork, native medicine, self-collected, self-planted, self-made and self-used Chinese herbal medicines. Ma Wenfang also specially bought a medicine mill to grind herbs into powder, or add water to make pills.

　

According to the report of People’s Daily on February 14th, 1969 on Li Rongyu, a barefoot doctor in Gaowang Brigade of Qibao Commune in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, Li Rongyu’s Qibao Commune is located in the Pearl River Delta, and there are no mountains nearby, and the commune does not grow Chinese herbal medicines, so he went to the mountainous area dozens of miles away to collect herbs.

　

Zhang Kaining, director of the Health Research Institute of Kunming Medical College, believes that the widespread use of Chinese herbal medicines by barefoot doctors in those years consolidated the rural cooperative medical system. Chinese herbal medicine is easy to obtain, economical and cheap, and has a tradition and habit of using it in rural areas. The use of Chinese herbal medicine not only reduces the economic burden of farmers, but also greatly reduces the expenditure of cooperative medical fund.

　

"At that time, I was courageous, but now I can’t do it. First, the patient refused to eat (the earthwork), and another, it was illegal for doctors to do so." Ma Wenfang recalled that the appearance of barefoot doctors in those years changed the dilemma of lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas. Otherwise, people were ill and had to go home to die, so there were almost no cases of patients bothering doctors or suing doctors at that time, which was also the patient’s trust that barefoot doctors "came in the wind and went in the rain".

　

At that time, the dirt roads in the countryside were rugged and there were no bicycles. Going to the villagers’ homes to see doctors depended on walking. Once Ma Wenfang went out to see someone else, just in time for his wife to give birth at home. When he came back a moment later, his wife and children were gone. Since I think about it, Ma Wenfang still feels very guilty about his family.

　

"Barefoot doctors have a very distinctive class identity. In the screening process, they can only come from the class that is divided into’ poor and middle peasants’ by class composition. Because of his poor background, barefoot doctors are full of moral salvation, with strong love and hate and emotional tendency. Such a feeling also determines the choice of medical objects, which can only be people consistent with their class attributes. Their class attribute also determines that they will have a’ selfless’ character in the treatment process. " Yang Nianqun summed up in "Rebuilding the Patient —— Space Politics under the Conflict between Chinese and Western Medicine".

　

It is precisely because of the class identity of "poor and middle peasants" that barefoot doctors perfectly meet the requirements of "doctors that farmers can afford, use and stay". However, barefoot doctors are different from the image of village doctors or "witch doctors" in the past, and they are positioned and arranged in an institutionalized political atmosphere. Yang Nianqun believes that "under the dual discipline of institutional arrangement and human network, barefoot doctors will naturally strengthen their moral constraints."

　

In 1960s, malaria was prevalent in rural areas, but the villagers generally lacked common sense of epidemic prevention. Ma Wenfang can only send medicines from house to house for consultation and publicize malaria prevention knowledge. When people are not at home, they go to the fields to look for them. More than 360 households in the village run once a day for 7 days in a row. At that time, some villagers felt that they were in good health and were unwilling to take medicine. Barefoot doctors had to "send medicine to their hands, see the mouth, and not swallow it." After completing a course of medication, at intervals, they began to deliver medicines from house to house for two years until malaria was eliminated.

　

During the national patriotic health campaign, barefoot doctors, as the most basic executors of the health security system, also undertook the task of "two management and five reforms". Barefoot doctors should take care of water and feces, change wells, toilets, barns, stoves and the environment, and check from house to house whether they have been disinfected. As long as it is related to medical treatment, hygiene and health care, barefoot doctors have to do it, and there are endless things to do every day.

　

The article Barefoot Doctors and the Medical Pyramid published in the British Medical Journal in 1974 pointed out that as the bottom of the medical pyramid system, barefoot doctors’ semi-peasant and semi-doctor status determines that they can only provide basic and simple medical services and convey health concepts such as "washing hands before meals" to the public. They have played a great role in disease prevention, such as early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in Northeast China and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong.

　

"As a product of a specific historical period, barefoot doctors and cooperative medical system are a creation of farmers in China under the condition of lack of health resources and serious unfair distribution." Li Decheng, an associate professor of Jiangxi Normal University, once wrote an article summarizing that barefoot doctors have built the bottom layer of the three-level medical prevention and health care network in rural areas, so that measures such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of epidemic prevention drugs implemented by higher health administrative departments can be truly implemented.

　

After the disappearance of "barefoot doctor"

　

After 1976, with the end of the political movement, the number of primary health workers, including barefoot doctors, decreased at an average annual rate of 400,000.

　

At that time, the health department began to standardize employees, control the number and quality of barefoot doctors, and eliminated a number of unqualified health personnel through examination and certification. The examination began in 1979. In 1981, the State Council approved the Report of the Ministry of Health on Reasonably Solving the Subsidy of Barefoot Doctors. It was mentioned in the document that "barefoot doctors who pass the examination and are equivalent to the technical secondary school level will be issued with a’ barefoot doctor’ certificate, and in principle they will be given treatment equivalent to the level of private teachers. For barefoot doctors who can’t reach the level of technical secondary school temporarily, it is necessary to strengthen training, and their remuneration, in addition to recording workers, should also be given appropriate subsidies according to local actual conditions. "

　

After the disintegration of the people’s commune, with the disintegration of the collective economic foundation, the rural cooperative medical system and the barefoot doctor system further lost their organizational support and economic support. By 1983, the number of barefoot doctors in China had dropped to more than 1.2 million.

　

On January 24th, 1985, Chen Minzhang, the former Minister of Health, pointed out in his speech at the National Conference of Health Directors that "the name’ barefoot doctor’ was put forward by Zhang Chunqiao and others in an article in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, and then it was widely used in various places. The meaning of this name is not exact either. Now we have decided not to use this name. In the future, anyone who has reached the level of a healer after examination is called a rural doctor; Those who fail to reach the level of healers are renamed as health workers. "

　

The next day, People’s Daily published the article "Stop using the name of" barefoot doctors "and consolidate the development of rural doctors", and the era of "barefoot doctors" ended here. Barefoot doctors retired and changed careers. Some left the public system to open clinics at home, while others contracted the original commune health centers, taking responsibility for their own profits and losses, and continued to practice medicine in the name of "barefoot doctors".

　

After the transformation, barefoot doctors have improved their professional level through retraining, further study and self-study. Coupled with the villagers’ original trust in barefoot doctors, village doctors were still very popular in the 1990s, when Ma Wenfang saw more than 150 patients a day. From "recording work points" to "self-financing", the village clinic still has a part of income. Ma Wenfang keeps enough income for his family to eat and drink, and the rest is fed back to the villagers to take medicines and give free vaccinations to children who can’t afford vaccines. In Ma Wenfang’s impression, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, rural doctors briefly experienced a "golden age".

　

　

Soon, by the mid-1990s, the eastern region developed rapidly, attracting a large number of farmers to go out to work. Village clinics have backward hardware, insufficient manpower and old doctors, which are in sharp contrast with big hospitals. With the increase of people’s income, villagers have gradually formed the consciousness of "going to big hospitals when they are sick". The survival of village doctors began to become difficult.

　

In fact, the transformation dilemma of rural primary health care system appeared after the collapse of the "barefoot doctor" system. Although the primary health workers in rural areas were still "barefoot doctors" in the past, they lost the original system guarantee and economic support and made a living in the market economy environment driven by interests. Obviously, they could no longer undertake the functions of epidemic prevention supervision of "barefoot doctors", and the rural primary health network could no longer operate effectively after entering the 1980s.

　

"The disintegration of the cooperative medical system and the transformation of the role of’ barefoot doctors’ have led to the plight of rural primary health care and the loss of basic medical security for farmers." Zhang Daqing said that in 2003, the China municipal government put forward the plan of establishing a new rural cooperative medical system and promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Rural Doctors’ Practice, so as to rebuild the rural primary health care service system. However, there are still many disharmonies between the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical services of rural doctors, and the service system that adapts to the medical consumption level and level of the new rural cooperative medical system needs to be improved.

　

"The current rural primary medical problems cannot be solved by simply restoring the original barefoot doctor system." Zhang Daqing pointed out that with the development of social economy, people’s demand for the quality of health care has also increased rapidly, and their awareness of health and financial investment in maintaining health have increased. It is understandable to pursue better medical services. The state can only guide graded diagnosis and treatment from the system design. More crucially, the system design of rural primary health service system should be clear about its functions and responsibilities.

　

After being elected as a deputy to the National People’s Congress in 2008, Ma Wenfang began to investigate the basic medical care in rural areas and the practice of village doctors. He visited more than 300 villages in 38 prefecture-level cities in 7 provinces including Henan, Shandong and Hunan, and found that the phenomenon of hollow villages is becoming more and more common, and the treatment of village doctors is low. Some villages even have no village doctors, and the level of basic health services in rural areas is worrying. "Grass-roots work needs specific people to do, and village doctors subsidize more than 1,000 pieces a month. Now in this era, who is willing to do it and who will take over in the future? What about basic medical care and public health in rural areas? " Ma Wenfang said with concern.

On February 10, 2025, BYD officially released the national smart driving strategy in Shenzhen, jointly opening a new era of smart driving, and committed to creating a new business card for new energy. The plan takes technological innovation as the vision, upholds the intelligent strategy, and officially launches the "National Intelligent Driving Strategy". Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD Group, announced that all models will be equipped with advanced intelligent driving technology, making it possible for all people to drive intelligently, which marks BYD’s breakthrough in intelligent driving and intelligent entry into a new era of new energy.

"Eye of God" intelligent driving system leads innovation

In terms of intelligent driving, BYD has launched three versions based on the latest advanced intelligent driving system "Eye of God": the basic version is called "Eye of God C", the single laser version is called "Eye of God B" and the three laser versions are called "Eye of God A". These three technologies are in the leading position in the industry, bringing remarkable innovation. For example, Eye of God C will be first applied to seagulls on February 10th, 2025. It is equipped with the latest chip, has automatic parking function, and is the most advanced in its class. The collision avoidance speed of AEB is also increased to 100 km/h.. Eye of God B will improve driving safety, and will first release the lane keeping auxiliary function. Eye of God A will be the first to realize the application of urban roads, which will be launched before the end of the year, and based on the world’s first "Eye of God A", a new driving experience will be realized. In the specific technical scheme, BYD’s scheme further enhances the vehicle’s perception ability, making intelligent driving and intelligent parking more reliable and efficient. Through this scheme, BYD not only improves the safety of vehicles, but also brings users a more convenient driving experience. Whether driving at high speed or parking in the city, it can provide all-round support to ensure that every trip is safe and worry-free.

BYD accelerates the process of intelligent driving era.

Entering the era of intelligent driving is of great significance to BYD. As a new energy promoter, BYD will accelerate the intelligent landing and usher in a new growth cycle. On November 18, 2023, BYD released an intelligent solution, officially announcing cooperation with many enterprises to open a new chapter in new energy. At the event site, Han series models led the way, and several models appeared together. In addition, Song LPro+ and Qin PLUS have been listed. Song LPro+ is equipped with the latest operating system and is a high-end intelligent SUV. Qin PLUS is a compact car, and it also launched a number of intelligent functions. The summer series is based on family needs and designed for the whole family, becoming a home MPV. BYD truly realizes a green travel society.

Globalization strategy shows the charm of China’s intellectual creation

Create a smart future and build a new energy brand for the world. BYD relies on strong technical support in the process of globalization. In the past few years, BYD has invested tens of billions of yuan to establish an international R&D team and set up a professional testing team. The company has also obtained a number of international standard certifications and thousands of patents, developed new energy vehicles, and provided millions of users with a green travel experience, successfully achieving the sales target, and at the same time, the operating quality has reached the best in history. Now, with the help of "vehicle intelligence strategy", BYD not only leads the future of new energy, but also shows China Zhizao to the world, and is committed to creating a new business card of global new energy.

Guided by the national intelligent driving strategy, BYD is accelerating the arrival of the intelligent driving era in an all-round way with the "Eye of the Gods" advanced intelligent driving system. With the two-wheel drive of technological innovation and intelligent strategy, BYD not only reshaped the driving experience, but also showed the infinite possibilities and outstanding strength in the new energy field to the whole world in the name of China Zhizao.

Special feature of 1905 film network On November 10th, the latest version was released in domestic cinemas, but this time it was released simultaneously around the world. Domestic audiences can watch this star-studded annual masterpiece at the same time as foreign audiences.

As the representative work of agatha christie, the Orient Express has been remake for the fifth time.

Because the ending is well known, even the poster in this edition is spoiled by itself.

This time, the director and the actor of "Poirot", but the prince of British drama and the successor of laurence olivier, represent the peak of Shakespeare’s performance — — Sir kenneth branagh.　

　

Blana was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II five years ago, so now he should be addressed as Sir.

Blana not only choreographed, directed and acted well on the stage, but also participated in the production of many films. He directed and recently starred in Nolan’s.

In addition to the detective Poirot, the twelve passengers on the new version of Orient Train are also undiscovered talent.The most eye-catching is "Captain Jack"Johnny DeppHe plays the villain in the film. In addition, there are Spanish beauties.Penélope Cruz Sánchez Daisy Ridley, the new heroine of "Star Wars" series, is a professional villain.Willem Dafoe, and the old British play bones.Judi DenchandDerek JacobiWait a minute. It is said that the actors included a total of 76 performance awards.

The Birth of Murder on the Orient Express

The Orient Express has been remake so many times because of its unique charm. It can be called a model of "perfect murder", and the mode of collective crime created by it can be said to be unprecedented in the history of world detective novels.Of course, this story is not made up out of thin air. It all comes from Agatha’s long trip.

　

Agatha in her youth

In 1928, Agatha, who ended her first marriage, sent her daughter to boarding school and bought a boat ticket to Jamaica alone, hoping to go to the West Indies for fun. At the dinner before departure, she got to know Commander Hao and his wife, who had just returned from Baghdad. At their suggestion, Agatha decided to switch to Baghdad and changed her ticket to the Orient Express. This is her first trip alone, and she was trapped in Turkey for six days because of the snowstorm.

The second reason is the sensational Lindbergh kidnapping case in the United States.In 1932, the one-year-old son of flight colonel Lindbergh was kidnapped and blackmailed for $50,000. However, after Lindbergh paid the ransom, the kidnapper brutally tore the ticket.

　

Lindbergh’s one-year-old son

The police suspected that there was a mole in Lindbergh’s house and investigated all the servants. British maids and German gardeners became the main suspects. Under the great pressure of public opinion, both of them chose to commit suicide to clear their suspicions. Two years later, the police arrested hauptmann, a carpenter in new york, and found a large number of gold coupons suspected of ransom in his home. Although hauptmann refused to plead guilty during the trial, he was finally sent to the electric chair.

　

Hauptmann, a kidnapper identified by the police.

Therefore, Agatha used the reaction of all kinds of passengers when she was stranded on the Orient Express, combined with the kidnapping case of Lindbergh, and created the revenge story of twelve "jury members" seeking justice.

Become agatha christie.

So, how did Agatha become the world-famous "queen of detective stories"? In fact, her life is more exciting than her novels, and she even staged a real version. It all started with her first marriage.

Agatha, 22, met handsome but not rich archibald Christie at a dance, and married Archie despite the opposition of her family.

　

Agatha and Archie

After the outbreak of World War I, Archie enlisted as a pilot, and Agatha followed him as a volunteer nurse. She worked in the pharmacy room, dealing with all kinds of drugs, and gradually became a poison expert. This laid the foundation for 83 poisoning cases in her novels later. In the boring work in the pharmacy room, Agatha began to conceive her first detective novel, which was inspired by a Belgian neighbor who fled the war. The great detective Hercule Poirot and his first mysterious affair at styles were born.

　

After the war, Agatha resumed writing detective novels to supplement her family. Her sixth novel, The Mystery of Roger, became a best-selling novel at that time, and the couple finally lived a spare life with a house and a car. But it is easy to share weal and woe with wealth, and the happy days did not last long.

In the same year, Agatha’s mother died, but Archie didn’t give her any comfort because he fell in love with a beautiful young girl, Nancy Nelly. Archie confessed to Agatha and filed for divorce.

At 10 o’clock in the middle of the night on December 3, 1926, Agatha drove out of the door alone. The next morning, people found her car by the lake, and Agatha disappeared!

　

The newspaper of the year

The news of the disappearance of female detective novelists quickly occupied the headlines of major newspapers and even spread to the United States. The police suspected Archie of killing his wife and kept him under close surveillance.

Eleven days later, Agatha, who called herself Mrs. Nelly (please note this surname), was recognized in a hotel two miles from the missing place. When Archie took her home, she looked confused as if she didn’t know her husband at all. Later, the husband and wife announced that Agatha suffered from fragmented memory loss.

　

The newspaper of the year

The accident made Agatha famous. Because of the public’s curiosity about her, her books were sold out of stock. In the following decades, Agatha kept the disappearance a secret and said nothing. Until the end of 1990s, Agatha’s friend Nan’s daughter claimed that her mother Nan and Agatha had planned the whole "script" in order to punish her unfaithful husband. Unexpectedly, it caused an uproar.

This missing drama is exactly the same as the movie Gone Girl.

Agatha divorced Archie two years later, but because of the copyright problem of the novel, she couldn’t change her maiden name, so she had to continue to use her ex-husband’s surname — — Christie.

The story didn’t end, and Agatha finally found her own happiness. Because of the trip to Baghdad mentioned above, Agatha and the archaeologist Wu and his wife became good friends, and through them they met Max Mallowan, 25. Later, she married the archaeologist who was 13 years younger than herself.

　

Max and Agatha

Since then, Max has been accompanied by Agatha on every archaeological trip. These trips inspired the birth of many of her exotic works, including Tragedy on the Nile, appointment with death, Murder in Mesopotamia and They Came to Baghdad and so on.

In her later years, someone asked Agatha if it would be okay to marry a husband so much younger than herself. She said the classic famous saying: "The older I get, the more interesting he will find me." Their love lasted for 45 years until Agatha died peacefully in Max’s arms on January 12, 1976.

Agatha’s routine

Three great masters of world mystery novels

Agatha, arthur conan doyle and Seicho Matsumoto are also called the three great masters of mystery novels in the world. Sir Conan Doyle established the basic model of detective novels and the basic deductive method, while Seicho Matsumoto initiated the social school of mystery novels.Agatha’s greatest contribution is to create the "country villa school", a school of reasoning, and push the "golden age" of detective novels to a peak.

　

The "golden age" of detective stories refers to the emergence of a large number of classical detective writers between the two world wars, except ellery queen and John Dixon Carr, who are also known as the "three masters of the golden age" with Agatha, as well as G.K. chesterton, Dorothy sayers, Margaret allingham and so on. Mysterious affair at styles, the debut of the great detective Poirot, is regarded as the beginning of the golden age.

　

　"Country House School" is a school of reasoning, also known as exclusive case solving.Seemingly calm English countryside or villa mansion, in an almost closed classical environment, a group of people gather together, including nobles, officers, lawyers, doctors, priests and so on. A high-ranking aristocrat is often at the core of various relationships, and he or she may be violent and hated by everyone. Suddenly, he (she) was killed, probably by poison, and everyone around him had criminal motive and suspicion. The incompetent police will consider this case a mystery, and our detective Poirot or Miss Ma Puer will silently observe everyone’s every move. In order to cover up his identity, murderers often kill several more people. Finally, our dear detective solved the mystery, and the murderer must be the most unlikely person. He (she) may be for money, affection, status, or to cover up the secret decades ago.

　

The above reasoning mode is further extreme, and Agatha’s classic has evolved."Blizzard Villa Mode", also known as "Island Mode"A group of people gathered in a mountain villa and were cut off from the outside world because of a snowstorm. Suddenly, one member was killed strangely, and the rest became suspects. Then, in the process of detecting the case, the suspects will die one after another. This model originated from Agatha’s no one lives, and later had a far-reaching impact on the film industry, and even developed an important type of horror film. Kill array in another dimension, cabin in the Woods and other films all use the "blizzard villa model".

In recent years, the fire variety Star Detective is also based on this model.

Because they are too stereotyped, the focus of classical detective novels is to find out who did it, so they are also nicknamed whodunit. However, there is a reason for the formation of such a pattern. The golden age writer represented by Agatha pursues"Ten commandments of mystery novels"They think that detective stories are an intellectual game between writers and readers, just like the popular killing games and werewolf killing. In their mystery novels, there is not much truth, violence and sociality in murder, and all suspects, including murderers, are polite, reflecting the elegance of classical literature. The murderer will be brought to justice, and society will finally regain its balance. So this reasoning is called "Cozy".

Therefore, in this mode, writers focus more on creation."perfect murder"And Agatha’s contribution is that while maintaining the basic pattern, she also challenges the rules. For example, in Murder on the Orient Express, no one stipulates that the murderer can only be one person. Why can’t it be a group of people? Besides, she is very good at confusing readers with narrative tricks. For example, in Roger’s Mystery and The Mouse Trap, the criminal may be the narrator or the detective himself, which breaks the first and sixth commandments of the Ten Commandments of Mystery Novels.

Agatha’s legacy

Agatha is regarded as the best-selling writer in human history. She has written 68 novels, more than 100 short stories, 17 plays, 6 emotional novels published under the pseudonym Mary West mccourt, 1 autobiography and 2 poems. Her books have been translated into more than 103 different languages, with a total sales of more than 2 billion copies, second only to the Bible and Shakespeare. French President Charles de Gaulle and Queen Elizabeth II are her fans.

Agatha has so many works, which one should I start reading? Japanese critics scored all his works and got ten most recommended works:

1. heavy curtain

2. Poirot: Five Little Pigs

3. Marple: Endless Night

4. A Pocket Full of Rye

5. Xingfu mask

6. Poirot: Evil Under The Sun

7. The Mirror Crack’d From Side to Side

8. The Passing of Mr. Quin

9. Poirot: Appointment with Death

10. password

Agatha’s works are also deeply loved by the film and television circles and have been adapted for more than 180 times.

Among them, the classic ones areBilly WilderDirector,Marlene DietrichStarring

In 1980s, three important Agatha films were introduced into China, and they met the audience in China in the form of translated films, which caused an Agatha fever at that time.

　

Peter UstinovVersion of Poirot, and "The Massacre on the Nile" andEvil Under the Sun.

The last film is the most classic version of Murder on the Orient Express, which was directed by sidney lumet in 1974. Ingrid bergman, who was 60 years old, won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her five-minute long shot in which Poirot interrogated her.

　

In addition to Bergman, there is also the veteran 007 in the film.Sean ConneryandInAnthony Perkins

Finney Poirot

Agatha, who was still alive, attended the film premiere for the first time, and praised Finney for performing her Poirot, although she was still not satisfied with Finney’s beard.

If you want to experience the most authentic Agatha, you can also watch the English drama versions of Detective Poirot and Detective Marple produced by itv. These two series are 4-5 episodes each season, and each episode is 90 minutes independent.

British drama version of Poirot.

The Great Detective Poirot began to be serialized in 1989, and the last episode of the thirteenth season of 2013, Curtain: The Last Case of Poirot, ended with Poirot’s death. david suchet, the leading actor, has always been regarded as the best Poirot actor. He always wears a neat suit, has two signature moustaches, takes off his hat at the sight of people and says "Merci beaucoup, Mademoiselle" in French with Belgian accent (thank you, Miss).

　

The Detective Story of Miss Marple has been serialized since 2004, and the last season is the sixth season released in 2013.

　

Two-term Miss Ma Puer

In the first three seasons, Geraldine Mcewan should be the most vivid Miss Ma Puer, showing this thin and even a little rickety, inquisitive and rambling little old lady vividly. In the last three seasons, Miss Ma Puer was played by Julia McKenzie. Although she was more kind, she was less verbose and nosy.

In recent years, Britain has also produced mini-dramas of no one lives and the prosecution witness, while Japan has produced mini-dramas of Murder on the Orient Express and no one lives, but both of them are relatively ordinary. In the future, Ben Affleck’s "Witness for the Prosecution" (2019) and the American drama version "Miss Marple’s Detective Case" (2020) developed by CBS are under preparation.

In order to see the best Agatha, there is another choice besides the original and the English drama version, that is, the stage play.

In 1946, Agatha wrote a radio play "Three Blind Mice" for the 80th birthday of Queen Mary, England, which was later adapted into a stage play "Mouse Trap", which is still performed in West End of London. Together with "Woman in Black" and "House of Sin", Agatha is called the three famous plays in West End of London.

Stills of the previous stage play no one lives.

Because Agatha’s works have not passed the copyright protection period, the publishing, remake and moving of her works all need authorization. The copyright of Agatha’s plays in China is mainly in the hands of Shanghai Mousetrap Drama Studio. They cooperated with Shanghai Drama Art Center to rehearse plays such as no one lives, Mousetrap and Unexpected Visitors, which are staged in Shanghai all the year round and will also tour Beijing every year.

Friends who can’t see the stage play, let’s come to the cinema to take the luxury train Orient Express, and feel the classical atmosphere of Agatha and the elegant reasoning of the detective Poirot together with a group of acting big coffees. We will leave on November 10th and be there.

　　As an important schedule in China’s film market, summer movie box office accounts for about 30% of the annual box office. This year’s summer movie market has not only returned to the "Billion Era", but also set a new box office record in China’s film history in July. In particular, domestic films have sprung up all over the world, setting off a summer movie-watching craze, and achieved good results of "applauding and making a big impression".

　　It is still difficult to predict who is the biggest "dark horse" in summer, from The Octagonal Cage to The Disappeared She, and then to The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an and The First Goddess, but one thing has been decided: it is a thing of the past to win by relying on the inertia of watching movies and the path dependence, and more China filmmakers are beginning to think about what kind of movies China audiences need.

　　China film history hit a new high at the box office in July.

　　In the past July, there were 212 million people watching movies in China, and the total box office reached 8.717 billion yuan, setting a new high in the film history of China in July.

　　The "second half" of the ongoing summer file is also in full swing, and the heat exceeds expectations, welcoming both supply and demand. According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, since June 21st, the single-day market has exceeded 100 million yuan for 48 consecutive days. By 10: 00 on August 7th, 97 films had been released in the summer of 2023, with more than 363 million people watching movies and a box office of 14.736 billion.

　　One of the manifestations of ultra-high popularity is that there are many films, many kinds and more audiences. Abundant and high-quality supply meets the differentiated viewing needs of different audiences, bringing about a "double rise" in the number of films arranged and the number of people watching movies, and accelerating the recovery of the film market.

　　This summer’s films cover plot, action, animation, suspense, crime, comedy, science fiction, horror and many other types. The reporter saw in many cinemas that there were not only "student parties" enjoying the summer vacation, but also many parent-child families and "rice partners", "movie partners" and "square dance partners" of different ages, which broadened the audience this year.

　　Another manifestation of the ultra-high heat is that a number of domestic "dark horses" continue to appear, driving the proportion of multi-frequency viewing to continue to rise. In the past, the pattern of summer movies was that "one head movie led the way, and the other films were mediocre". This year, "the spire widened" and many "dark horse" films performed well. For example, domestic genre films such as The Octagonal Cage, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, The Disappeared She set new records, and many summer movies such as Feng Shen I were hotly discussed by fans.

　　In terms of release time, The Lost She was released at the end of June, The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an was released in early July, The First Part of Gods was released in late July, and several "dark horses" with unexpected performances staged a "relay race", which attracted fans to enter the cinema many times, driving the proportion of multi-frequency movies to continue to rise.

　　The industry believes that with the further recovery of creation, investment, production, distribution and projection, the film market in China has accelerated its recovery, and industry confidence has continued to rise. In 2023, the film market is expected to usher in both supply and demand, and the annual box office is expected to reach 45 billion yuan to 50 billion yuan.

　　Domestic movies are applauded and sold well.

　　This year’s summer file, domestic films have sprung up everywhere, and the box office and word-of-mouth performance are gratifying. According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of 10: 00 on August 7th, all the top five single-chip box offices were taken over by domestic films: The Lost She was 3.515 billion yuan, The octagonal cage was 2.139 billion yuan, The Goddess Part I was 1.669 billion yuan, The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an was 1.653 billion yuan and The Passion was 722 million yuan.

　　In particular, the animated film Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, which is inspired by the Tang poetry and the life stories of the poets in the Tang Dynasty, and the fantasy film Feng Shen I, which was born out of China’s classical mythological novel Feng Shen Romance, have innovated the means of expression and demonstrated the charm of Chinese traditional culture in the form of movies, thus becoming a new round of box office harvesters in summer.

　　In fact, this year’s summer file started with the release of Hollywood blockbusters. From June 1st to June 20th, imported films such as Spider-Man: The Vertical and Horizontal Universe, Speed and Passion 10, Transformers: The Rise of Super Warriors, The Flash and Crazy Element City were released one after another, and took turns to occupy the top spot in the box office. With the release of the domestic films "She Disappeared" and "In the Octagonal Cage" in late June, the situation reversed, and the "super explosion" of the summer file began to be occupied by four domestic films. In July, the beautifully-produced animated film Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an and the fantasy film Feng Shen I received rave reviews. During the collective chanting of a piece of Tang poetry and the rereading of Feng Shen Romance, the audience "moved the DNA of traditional culture".

　　This scene is also a true portrayal of the new pattern of domestic films and imported films recently. The pattern of "imported films leading, domestic films accompanying" is disappearing, replaced by domestic films breaking records and emerging.

　　"Three Major Changes" Reflect the New Trend of Domestic Films

　　The movie market is booming in summer, reflecting three changes in the domestic movie market:

　　— — Change from "traffic-driven" to "content-driven".

　　A number of film critics said that in previous years, one of the first conditions for domestic films to make a hit was the starring role of streaming stars, and the "sky-high film pay" constituted the biggest production cost, so the cost of improving the script and production quality was squeezed, and the film quality could not be guaranteed. This year’s win-win films of word-of-mouth and box office have no flow stars, but they have attracted the audience by full stories, sincere production and ups and downs.

　　— — From "single type and overlapping themes" to "multiple types and scattered themes".

　　This summer’s domestic films cover comedy, suspense, science fiction, sports, animation and many other types. At the same time, the theme has been further broadened, including animated films based on traditional culture, fictional suspense works, and fantasy films based on myths for secondary creation. Many fans said that a single type of film will cause the audience’s aesthetic fatigue. This year’s film market is characterized by multiple types and themes, significantly reduced concentration of types and low overlap of themes, attracting more audiences.

　　— — From "remake imitation" to "forming style".

　　Since the beginning of this year, images and audiences have been mutually constructed, which has promoted the remarkable progress of domestic film aesthetics. A major breakthrough in domestic films is reflected in the IP remake from the United States, Japan, South Korea and Europe to independent creation, and gradually formed its own style through exploration. The formation of the national style of domestic films is closely related to the increasing viewing preference and aesthetic improvement of the current audience.

　　Sun Jiashan, an associate researcher at the Chinese Academy of Art and a critic of the signing of the Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said that since the second decade of this century, China’s films have been at a new starting point after breaking through the threshold of 10 billion at the box office, making great strides and achieving an exponential growth rarely seen in the history of films, and after adjustment during the epidemic.

　　When the new cycle begins, the path dependence of "eating the old capital" and the lying win of "eating the scale dividend" are not effective. A new consensus is emerging: China filmmakers have gradually found their own style through groping, and started to think about and practice "What kind of movies do China audiences need". China films should further seek the means and methods based on local characteristics to meet local needs, better tell the story of China, and show the credible, lovely and respectable China.