The renovation of old urban residential areas is both a livelihood project and a development project, which contains huge investment potential. In 2020, China will start to renovate 40,300 old urban communities, which will directly and indirectly stimulate nearly one trillion yuan of renovation investment. It can also incite residents’ indoor renovation, decoration, home appliance renovation, etc., and drive the development of many industries, which has an important supporting role in stabilizing investment growth.

Although the renovation of old urban residential areas is a "rich mine" for investment, there are also problems such as large capital demand and difficulty in forming a reasonable return mechanism. At present, all localities and departments are actively exploring the establishment of a reasonable sharing mechanism between government departments, residents and social forces, and raising funds for renovation through multiple channels.

Reasonable implementation of residents’ responsibility for capital contribution —— According to the principle of "who benefits and who contributes", actively promote residents’ participation in the renovation, which can be implemented by means of direct capital contribution, use of special maintenance funds for housing (supplementary construction and renewal), and transfer of community public benefits.

The financial funds are "four to two thousand pounds"-in 2020, the task of transforming old urban communities will be doubled, with 54.3 billion yuan of investment in the central budget and 30.7 billion yuan of special funds for affordable housing projects in the central government to guide and promote related transformation investments.

Social forces add firewood and raise salary-implementing tax and fee reduction policies to make social capital go into battle lightly, ensuring long-term operation of enterprises through government procurement, paid use of new facilities, and implementation of asset rights and interests. The scientific and reasonable investment and financing model has stimulated the enthusiasm of participating enterprises.

The active assistance of the financial system-accelerating the transformation of old urban communities cannot be separated from strong financial support. In 2020, China Development Bank and China Construction Bank signed a strategic cooperation agreement with nine cities in five provinces, which will provide a total of 436 billion yuan in loans in the next five years, focusing on supporting the renovation projects of old urban communities with the participation of market forces.

With the participation of many parties and concerted efforts, the transformation of old urban communities is progressing steadily, which is releasing huge investment potential.

Qingdao: replacing compensation with awards, and the financial funds are "four or two"

Recently, Wang Zhengchuan, a resident of Shunde Garden Community in jiaozhou city, Qingdao, Shandong Province, became more practical when cooking. "After the renovation, most gas pipelines have been moved out of the house, and new pipelines have been replaced in public areas. The’ face’ looks good and the’ lining’ is safe!"

"According to estimates, including Shunde Garden, it takes more than 4 million yuan to transform the gas in three communities." In May last year, after Qingdao Xinao Jiaocheng Gas Company received the project, the unexpected funds once worried the general manager Dong Jiaqiu.

Jiaozhou city’s policy of replacing compensation with awards has solved the urgent need! "The central financial award funds and local financial funds add up to about 2 million yuan, and the pressure is reduced by half." Dong Jiaqiu’s hanging heart was put down.

Financial funds, while focusing on supporting basic renovation such as plumbing, electric heating, etc., also give full play to the guiding role of "four to two", and attract social capital to participate in the renovation of old residential areas through project capital injection and loan discount.

Chen Gang, a member of the Party Group of jiaozhou city Construction Bureau, said that in the next step, Jiaozhou intends to support the large-scale implementation and operation entities to participate in the transformation in a market-oriented way. "At present, Jiaozhou Finance has injected 100 million yuan into the project capital, and local state-owned enterprises and private enterprises jointly set up a mixed-ownership company to be responsible for the design, construction and financing of the transformation of old residential areas in the city."

"The scale of a single renovation project is small, the income is not high, and the financing ability is limited. The main body of large-scale implementation operation can achieve the balance of funds by reasonably expanding the renovation implementation unit, promoting the joint transformation of adjacent communities and surrounding areas, and strengthening the co-construction and sharing of service facilities and public spaces." Ding Shugeng, deputy director of the Real Estate Development Center of Qingdao Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, said.

As soon as the capital bottleneck is broken, the pace of transformation will be accelerated, and the pulling effect on investment will gradually emerge.

"We are an export-oriented enterprise, and the original foreign trade order volume was as high as 80%, because the epidemic situation was greatly affected. In the past few months, the renovation of old communities has placed orders to help us recover quickly. " Yang Wenhao, director of Nedco Elevator (Qingdao) Co., Ltd. said happily. In 2020, 111 old residential areas in Qingdao will "look new", with a total investment of about 700 million yuan. The renovation of Shunde Garden alone can stimulate social investment of tens of millions of yuan and benefit more than 10 related enterprises.

Suzhou: Revitalize resources and attract social capital to invest.

500 million yuan! Wang Xiangzhi, general manager of Suzhou Historical and Cultural City Protection and Renewal Real Estate Co., Ltd., frowned when he just received the task of renovating the old renovation demonstration area of No.32 neighborhood in gusu district, Suzhou, Jiangsu. "With so much investment, the pressure of self-financing alone is too great."

"Why not use gusu district’s traditional resources to build cultural brands and attract other enterprises to participate together?" The proposal of Qian Yujing, director of Suzhou Housing Expropriation Office, made Wang Xiangzhi suddenly enlightened.

You know, gusu district is rich in historical and cultural relics, and a large number of ancient buildings, old houses, ancient streets and alleys are distributed among them. This can bring "wealth" to the transformation of old communities. To discuss plans and seek cooperation, Wang Xiangzhi contacted many enterprises with investment intentions. Not long ago, another Shanghai enterprise took the initiative to sign a contract to integrate and utilize the existing assets of the district to develop boutique hotel projects to provide customized experience services for tourists. "The transformation of historical and cultural blocks requires both improving functions and inheriting history. After the transformation, not only the cultural heritage is more prominent, but also the environmental quality of the community is improved. It can also stimulate at least 30 million yuan of investment and provide jobs for hundreds of people. " Wang Xiangzhi said that in addition, the company can also collect a certain management fee for the renovation of old communities. This model provides a model for the follow-up multi-agents to carry out the protection of ancient cities and the renovation of old communities. "By integrating existing resources and creating more dynamic cultural experience projects, the investment is alive and the pressure on renovation funds can be reduced a lot."

Revitalizing resources and "making money on the spot" can effectively solve the difficulty of raising funds for the renovation of old communities; Moreover, through the construction of postal express terminal comprehensive service stations, sports and fitness facilities and other community service facilities, the improvement and upgrading of old communities can also attract all kinds of social forces to participate in investment. Following this line of thinking, Suzhou has gained many successful cases-

An old residential area in Wujiang District, a rookie station was put into use, providing residents with services such as express delivery, parcel carton recycling, clothes dry cleaning and so on. Zheng Siya, the person in charge of the rookie station, said that the community provided them with an idle building of more than 70 square meters and was free of rent for a certain period of time. "Each station can drive 3 to 5 people to find jobs."

In the old community of Guotai No.1 Village, the community cage football field invested by Suzhou Changchi Sports Science and Technology Company will become a good place for nearby residents to exercise. "After the completion, the enterprise can independently contract for 10 years, and the income sources include rents such as football fields, community parking spaces, public houses and advertising spaces, and the investment cost can be recovered in about 6 years." Lu Zhiping, chairman of Yinshanhu Group, who is in charge of community renovation, said.

"By revitalizing the idle resources of the community and introducing community service facilities for upgrading, it can not only enrich the service supply, make the community more livable, but also enable investment operators to obtain reasonable investment income and achieve a win-win situation." Ge Xin, deputy director of Suzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, said that Suzhou plans to renovate 80 old residential areas this year, benefiting more than 25,500 households, with a planned investment of nearly 1.2 billion yuan.

Bengbu: actively helping, financial institutions send funds "timely rain"

"The loan of the Agricultural Bank of China has pressed the’ fast forward button’ for the transformation of the community." Looking at the makeover of the metal company community built in the 1990s, Wang Wenqiang, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Weisi Street, Bengbu Yuhui District, Anhui Province, breathed a sigh of relief: "Residents have a strong willingness to rebuild, but in the past, construction was delayed due to lack of funds, and we were also anxious."

Last year, 874 old residential areas in Anhui completed renovation, with a total investment of more than 3 billion yuan, including 34 residential areas in Bengbu City. However, the financial funds are limited. In order to incite more capital participation, it is inseparable from the efficient docking of government departments, banks and enterprises. In 2020, the Bengbu Branch of the Agricultural Bank of China issued a total of 310 million yuan in loans, which sent funds "timely rain" for the renovation of 178 communities, including 130 million yuan in loans for the renovation project of Yuhui District.

"130 million yuan loan, including interest rate concessions, can save 900,000 yuan a year; If the capital ratio is lowered by 10 percentage points, enterprises can keep more than 10 million yuan in their hands; The repayment period has also been extended from three years to six years … "Wang Bo, head of the business department of Bengbu Branch of Agricultural Bank of China, said that the renovation of old residential areas has a large investment scale and a long payback period, and enterprises can’t wait to" break a penny into eight petals ",while the bank’s tailor-made and more flexible loan scheme has greatly reduced the burden on enterprises.

Not only that, but the loan process is also being streamlined. Wang Bo introduced that in the past, similar loan business required secondary branches to dock first, and then went to the site for investigation after the provincial branches passed the preliminary examination; At present, the investigation and review link is led by the provincial branch to directly carry out on-site evaluation, and the special loan business will be reviewed immediately. "At present, the efficiency of loan approval can be shortened from nearly one month to half a month."

The financial pressure of construction enterprises has eased, and how can the enthusiasm of banks be improved? "Some communities are small in scale and cannot generate income; However, some communities have wide space utilization, strong functional radiation and strong cash flow. " Wang Peiran, general manager of the Financial Customer Department of China Merchants Bank Hefei Branch, said that when China Merchants Bank issued loans, it considered bundling different communities together and providing financing support through overall credit, which not only helped to enhance the willingness of enterprises to participate in the transformation, but also helped to reduce the risk of bank credit.(Reporter Ding Yiting, Liu Shiyao, Wang Weijian, Wang Pei, Xu Jing)

　　The picture shows the environmental monitoring law enforcement personnel checking the operation of enterprise pollution prevention facilities on the spot.

　　□ Our reporter Ding Guofeng

　　□ This newspaper trainee reporter Luo Shasha Wen/map

　　At present, in Jiangsu, the environmental credit rating is related to the enterprise’s EIA approval, credit financing, water price and electricity price … … For nearly 30 thousand key pollution source enterprises in the province, "environmental credit" is becoming more and more important, and it can be turned into "real money".

　　Once it gets a "bad review" in the environmental credit rating, enterprises will face a situation that is not conducive to development, such as sewage treatment fees and electricity price increases, and restrictions on loans. Under what circumstances will enterprises be subject to sewage treatment fees and electricity price increases? How long will it last? To this end, the "Legal Daily" reporter recently embarked on a journey of solving puzzles with this series of questions.

　　"Differentiation" makes emission reduction more effective

　　As early as 2009, Nantong, Jiangsu Province began to explore the implementation of differentiated sewage treatment fee policy.

　　"Green enterprises that achieve zero emissions through reclaimed water reuse are exempt from sewage treatment fees; For enterprises with red and black environmental credit ratings, 0.6 yuan and 1 yuan sewage treatment fees will be added per ton on the basis of the existing sewage treatment fees. " Liu Huajun, director of the Regulations Department of Nantong Environmental Protection Bureau, told the reporter of Legal Daily.

　　"Since the next month after the environmental protection department announced the rating results of corporate environmental behavior in the previous year, ‘ Red ’ ‘ Black ’ Grade enterprises began to implement differentiated sewage treatment fees and pay additional fees for a period of one year. When the execution unit pays the surcharge for one year, the environmental behavior rating of the enterprise reaches ‘ Yellow ’ ‘ Blue ’ Or ‘ Green ’ Level, you can stop execution. " Liu Huajun added.

　　The reporter learned that at present, many districts and cities such as Nanjing, Wuxi and Nantong have implemented differentiated sewage treatment fee policies. The charging standard of sewage treatment fee for enterprises rated as "red" is not less than 0.6 yuan/m3, and the charging standard of sewage treatment fee for enterprises rated as "black" and rated as "red" for more than two consecutive times is not less than 1 yuan/m3.

　　"In addition to the implementation of the differentiated sewage treatment fee policy, we have also tried out the differentiated electricity price policy. The electricity price is charged by the provincial power grid enterprises according to the provincial price and the list of enterprises and electricity price standards announced by the competent authorities of the industry, according to the copied electricity." The relevant person in charge of the Regulations Department of Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department said.

　　"How is the specific electricity bill calculated?" The reporter asked.

　　"Take Nantong as an example. Enterprises with red and black environmental credit ratings will add 0.05 yuan and 0.1 yuan electricity fee to the existing electricity fee." The person in charge told the reporter.

　　According to statistics, since 2017, Jiangsu has charged 110 million yuan for differential electricity prices for "red and black enterprises".

　　Constructing environmental protection credit evaluation system

　　In 2013, the Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province took the lead in formulating and promulgating the Evaluation Criteria and Methods for Environmental Credit of Enterprises in Jiangsu Province, which clarified the evaluation principles, index system and grading of environmental credit of enterprises. At present, Jiangsu is further optimizing and adjusting the evaluation standard and index system.

　　The reporter learned that the current environmental credit evaluation indicators in Jiangsu are composed of 21 items in three categories: pollution prevention indicators, environmental management indicators and social impact indicators. Among them, only pollution prevention indicators include six small items: "online automatic monitoring of pollution sources, supervisory monitoring of pollution sources, comparison monitoring of automatic monitoring equipment of pollution sources and data validity audit, total amount control, safe utilization and disposal of hazardous wastes, and utilization and disposal of solid wastes". From good to bad, the evaluation results of corporate environmental credit are identified in five colors: green, blue, yellow, red and black.

　　At the same time, the Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department has also established a dynamic management mechanism for corporate environmental credit, which is regularly adjusted and repaired to reflect changes in corporate environmental credit in a timely manner. Build a "one enterprise, one file" dynamic information management system covering the whole province, and use environmental big data analysis technology to comprehensively collect environmental credit information of polluting enterprises.

　　Last year, the three-level environmental protection departments of cities and counties in Jiangsu Province jointly organized 29,975 pollution source enterprises to participate in environmental credit evaluation, an increase of nearly 5,000 over the previous year.

　　In July last year, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department announced the environmental credit evaluation results of 1064 state-controlled key enterprises in the province, including 414 green enterprises and 18 black enterprises, which greatly improved the efficiency of environmental supervision.

　　Environmental credit becomes intangible assets.

　　"By carrying out the construction of environmental credit system, pollution source enterprises will be included in this system, and an incentive mechanism for environmental trustworthiness and disciplinary mechanism for dishonesty will be established, so that environmental credit will become the intangible assets of enterprises, expand the survival and development space for green enterprises, and make untrustworthy enterprises lose their trust and be subject to everywhere." The relevant person in charge of the Regulations Department of Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department told the reporter.

　　In April this year, 30 departments including Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Nanjing Branch of China People’s Bank, and Provincial Department of Finance signed a memorandum of cooperation on joint punishment of untrustworthy production and business units and their relevant personnel in the environmental protection field.

　　"Disciplinary measures will be taken against enterprises rated as red and black. Such as restricting market access, administrative licensing or financing behavior, stop enjoying various preferential policies, and stop implementing relevant financial support. " The person in charge said that enterprises rated as green can enjoy incentives such as giving priority to environmental protection administrative licenses and suggesting financial institutions to give preferential loan interest rates.

　　In addition, Jiangsu has also established an interconnection and sharing mechanism for untrustworthy information, and incorporated the information of untrustworthy production and business units into the basic database of enterprise credit information and the provincial public credit information system, and announced it to the public.

　　At present, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department, together with the Provincial Credit Office and the Banking Regulatory Bureau, has established an information sharing system for corporate environmental credit, which promotes banks to regard corporate environmental credit as an important basis for pre-lending approval and post-lending supervision, and rewards the excellent and punishes the poor.

　　It is with this sharing mechanism that the whole credit process has a "reminder". In July, 2013, China Guangfa Bank Wuxi Branch cooperated with a certain material company in Yixing City, and loaned it 10 million yuan, and monitored its real time according to the mechanism, and adjusted its credit strategy according to its credit changes.

　　After that, in 2013, the company was rated as an excellent enterprise with green environmental protection credit, and was rated as a credit strategy support category by the bank. In 2014, the company was rated as a good blue environmental credit enterprise, and the bank adjusted its credit strategy to maintenance. In 2015, the company was rated as red in the annual environmental credit evaluation, and the bank adjusted its credit strategy to control compression and immediately negotiated. In September 2016, the company returned the principal of 9.77 million yuan in advance, ensuring the safety of bank credit assets.

　　"Financial institutions pay attention to and track the environmental credit rating of enterprises in a timely manner through the sharing mechanism, and adjust the corporate credit strategy at any time, which reduces the credit risk, avoids economic losses and safeguards comprehensive interests." The person in charge of the Regulations Department of Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department said.

　　By the end of last year, the loan balance of enterprises participating in environmental credit evaluation in Jiangsu was 758.9 billion yuan. Among them, the loan balance of enterprises with excellent (green) and good (blue) credit evaluation was 713.7 billion yuan, accounting for 94% of the loan balance of all rated enterprises; The balance of loans to enterprises with poor (red) and poor (black) environmental credit was 12.2 billion yuan, accounting for only 1.6% of the balance, which effectively promoted the green development of enterprises and built the operation mechanism of green finance.

　　short review

　　Effectively solve the problem of low illegal cost

　　Throughout the history of world development, protecting the ecological environment means protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment means developing productive forces. It is "green development" to develop both green mountains and green hills and Jinshan Yinshan.

　　In the first half of this year, Jiangsu’s GDP exceeded 4 trillion yuan, ranking second in the country. Jiangsu, which took the lead in development, also took the lead in encountering environmental problems. At present, Jiangsu’s construction of environmental credit evaluation system with the "five-color list" as the core aims to solve the unreasonable situation of "low illegal cost" in the environmental protection field, so that enterprises have a "roadblock" when they commit environmental violations. Environmental credit rating is related to the enterprise’s environmental assessment approval, credit financing, water price and electricity price, which is equivalent to "tightening" the enterprise.

　　Through a series of measures, Jiangsu Environmental Protection Department forced enterprises to take the responsibility of environmental protection from passive to active, and reduced the possible environmental pollution caused by all aspects of production activities through technological innovation. At the same time, by reducing energy consumption, energy conservation and emission reduction, the production cost of enterprises was reduced, and the two-way win-win situation of environmental protection and enterprise development was realized, making "green development" an "engine" for enterprises to move forward further.

Order of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government

No.138

The "Interim Measures" of Hangzhou residential property management has been deliberated and adopted by the executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

Acting Mayor Chou Baoxing　　　　

June 30, 1999　　

Chapter I General Principles

the first In order to regulate the behavior of residential property management, clarify the rights and obligations of owners, users and property management companies, ensure the rational use of property, create and maintain a good living environment and public order, these measures are formulated in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and combined with the actual city.

the second These Measures shall apply to the property management of residential areas within the urban area of Hangzhou.

Article The term "residential area" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a residential area with a certain scale and relatively complete infrastructure.

The term "residential property" as mentioned in these Measures refers to residential and non-residential houses and supporting public facilities, equipment and venues in residential areas. The scope of residential areas subject to property management shall be designated by the administrative department of property management of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government.

The term "property management" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the activities that the owners form the owners’ committee to entrust the property management company with the management of the common parts and common affairs of their property.

The term "owner" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the owner of the property.

The term "user" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the lessee of the property and other people who actually use the property.

The term "property management company" as mentioned in these Measures refers to an enterprise legal person established in accordance with the law to engage in property management services.

According to the provisions of these measures, users of public houses shall enjoy the rights of owners and assume corresponding obligations.

Article 4 Property management implements the principle of combining the owner’s self-management with the professional management entrusted by the property management company.

Article 5 Hangzhou real estate administrative department (hereinafter referred to as the municipal property administrative department) is in charge of the property management of residential areas in this Municipality.

District real estate administrative departments (hereinafter referred to as district property management departments) shall supervise and manage the property management within their respective jurisdictions in accordance with these Measures.

The relevant functional departments at all levels shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, cooperate with the competent department of property management in residential areas.

Article 6 The people’s governments of all districts shall strengthen the coordination in the implementation of property management in residential areas within their respective jurisdictions.

Street offices (Town People’s Government) are responsible for coordinating the relationship between property management and community management and community service.

Article 7 Residential areas that implement property management shall set up owners’ committees in accordance with the provisions of these measures. On behalf of the legitimate rights and interests of all owners and users of residential areas, the owners’ committee entrusts the property management company to implement property management, and exercises its functions and powers in accordance with these Measures, the owners’ convention, the articles of association of the owners’ committee and the property management service contract.

Article 8 Property management companies shall, in accordance with the provisions of these Measures, accept the entrustment of the owners’ committee and conduct unified management of residential property in accordance with the property management service contract.

Chapter II Owners’ Congress and Owners’ Committee

Article 9 If the occupancy rate of residential areas reaches more than 50% or the residential buildings have been completed and delivered for two years, the district property management department shall organize the first owners’ meeting or owners’ congress to elect the owners’ committee.

Article 10 The owners’ meeting is composed of all the owners of this residential area; If the number of owners is large, the owners’ representatives shall be elected in proportion to form the owners’ congress. The owners’ meeting can only be held if the owners holding more than half of the voting rights are present. The owner may entrust an agent to attend the owners’ meeting in writing.

Article 11 Owners’ congress and owners’ congress shall be held at least once a year; Upon the proposal of more than 20% of the owners or owners’ representatives, the owners’ committee shall convene the owners’ congress or owners’ congress in time.

The owners’ congress or the owners’ congress shall invite representatives of the residents’ committee to attend as nonvoting delegates.

Article 12 The resolution of the owners’ congress or owners’ congress must be passed by the owners or owners’ representatives present at the meeting, and more than half of them are in favor.

One set of one vote for residential houses; One vote for every 150 square meters of construction area for non-residential houses, and one vote for each house ownership certificate for those below 150 square meters.

Article 13 The owners’ congress or the owners’ congress shall exercise the following functions and powers:

(a) to elect and recall members of the owners’ committee;

(two) according to the proposal of the owners’ committee, decide to hire or dismiss the property management company;

(three) to supervise the work of the owners’ committee;

(four) to review or amend the articles of association of the owners’ committee and the owners’ convention;

(five) to consider and pass the residential property management plan;

(six) to change or cancel the inappropriate decision of the owners’ committee;

(seven) to decide on other major issues related to the owners’ rights and interests.

Article 14 The owners’ committee is an organization that represents all owners in the property management area to implement autonomous management of the property.

Article 15 Members of the owners’ committee shall be elected by the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress among the owners, and the number of members of the owners’ committee shall not be less than five. The chairman and deputy directors of the owners’ committee shall be elected by the owners’ committee among the members of the owners’ committee.

Members of the owners’ committee are elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected.

Members of the owners’ committee shall be law-abiding, enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings, impartial and responsible.

The list of members of the owners’ committee and the articles of association shall be reported to the district property management department for registration.

According to the needs of the work, the owners’ committee may employ personnel from police stations, residents’ committees and other relevant units as consultants of the owners’ committee.

Article 16 The owners’ committee shall be responsible for the owners’ meeting, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all owners and perform the following duties:

(1) Organizing the convening of the owners’ congress or owners’ congress;

(2) Propose the hiring or dismissal of the property management company, and sign, modify or terminate the entrusted service contract with the property management company according to the resolution of the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress;

(three) to supervise and inspect the use of property management funds, and examine and approve the annual plan, financial budget and final accounts of property management services proposed by the property management company;

(four) to implement and urge the owners and users to abide by the provisions of property management and other relevant laws and policies, and to assist the property management company in implementing various management work;

(five) to accept the complaints of the owners to the property management company, and regularly listen to and consider the opinions and suggestions of the owners and users;

(six) to supervise the rational use of public buildings and public facilities and equipment;

(seven) accept the supervision and guidance of the property management department, and implement the instructions and requirements put forward by the government departments on property management matters;

(eight) other duties entrusted by the owners’ congress or the owners’ congress.

The meeting of the owners’ committee shall be convened by the director, and the meeting must be attended by more than half of the members, and the decision made shall be agreed by more than half of the members.

The decision made by the owners’ committee shall be published.

Article 17 The decisions made by the owners’ congress, the owners’ congress and the owners’ committee and the owners’ convention are binding on all owners and users in the residential area.

Article 18 Decisions made by the owners’ congress, the owners’ congress or the owners’ committee shall not contravene the laws and regulations of the state.

In violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the district property management department has the right to order it to correct or cancel.

Chapter III Property Management Companies

Article 19 Property management companies must have the corresponding qualifications, be equipped with the corresponding professional and technical personnel and management personnel, and hold the property management qualification certificate issued by the municipal property management department before engaging in the property management business in residential areas.

Property management personnel shall, after passing the unified training and examination by the municipal property administrative department, work with certificates.

Article 20 Property management companies implement property management in residential areas according to the residential property management service contract.

The property management service contract shall include the following contents: management service items, management standards, management authority, management term, management fee income and expenditure, profits and risks, supervision and inspection, liability for breach of contract and other rights and obligations.

The property management service contract shall be reported to the district property management department for the record.

Article 21 Property management companies provide management services on the following matters:

(a) the use, management and maintenance of the common parts and shared facilities and equipment of the house;

(two) residential cleaning services;

(three) the maintenance and management of public green space, flowers and trees;

(4) Management of parking lots;

(five) the maintenance of public order and security in residential areas;

(six) the daily supervision and management of residential decoration;

(seven) the accounting management of property maintenance and renewal costs and the custody of property archives;

(eight) other services agreed by the owners’ committee and the property management company.

A property management company that accepts the entrustment of relevant professional institutions to conduct property management shall sign an entrustment contract.

Article 22 Rights of property management companies:

(a) according to the relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation, formulate the residential property management plan;

(two) the implementation of management of residential areas in accordance with the property management service contract;

(three) according to the property management service contract and the relevant provisions of the management fee;

(four) to stop the violation of residential property management regulations;

(five) to carry out diversified operations and paid services according to law.

Article 23 Obligations of the property management company:

(a) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the technical standards and norms and the annual plan of property management services approved by the owners’ committee, the implementation of management services;

(two) report to the owners’ committee every six months, and submit the income and expenditure accounts of property maintenance and renewal expenses, and accept the supervision of the owners and the owners’ committee;

(three) accept the supervision and guidance of the property management department, other relevant administrative departments and neighborhood offices (town people’s government);

(four) to assist the relevant departments and residents’ committees to provide community life services and carry out community cultural activities.

Article 24 The property management company shall keep the common parts and shared facilities and equipment of the house in good condition, clean and beautiful environment, good public order, and ensure the convenience and safety of the property, and implement it in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) before the owners and users move into the house, inform the owners and users in writing of the common parts of the house, the methods, requirements and precautions for the use and maintenance of common facilities and equipment, and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations;

(two) to conduct a comprehensive patrol and inspection of the property management area, and to repair and maintain the common parts and facilities of the house on a regular basis;

(three) when receiving the property damage repair report, the maintenance and treatment shall be carried out within the time limit as stipulated in the property management service contract;

(four) regularly listen to the opinions and suggestions of the owners’ committee, owners and users, and improve the service;

(five) found in violation of these measures, the owners’ convention, should immediately dissuade, stop, or report to the owners’ committee and the relevant administrative departments;

(six) in accordance with the requirements of the property management service contract, do other services entrusted by the owners’ committee, owners and users.

Article 25 If the property management company fails to meet the standards stipulated in the property management service contract or violates the provisions of the property management service contract, the owners’ committee may terminate the contract.

Article 26 Within fifteen days after the termination or rescission of the property management service contract, the property management company shall handle the following matters with the owners’ committee and report to the district property management department for the record:

(a) the property management service fees received in advance and the balance of maintenance fees are settled according to the facts;

(two) the transfer of all property files and related financial books, and the owners’ committee entrusted audit institutions to audit the financial situation;

(three) the transfer of the owner’s office and business premises, venues and other property.

Article 27 Property management companies shall enjoy the relevant preferential policies of the state.

Chapter IV Use and Maintenance of Property

Article 28 Owners and users shall abide by the relevant provisions of laws and regulations and the resolutions of the owners’ committee, and correctly handle the adjacent relations in terms of water supply, drainage, ventilation, traffic, lighting, maintenance, fire protection, environmental sanitation and environmental protection in accordance with the principles conducive to the use, safety and fairness of the property.

Article 29 Owners and users of houses shall not have the following acts:

(a) damage the load-bearing structure of the house, damage the appearance of the house, and change the use of the house without authorization;

(two) illegal chisel, demolition, occupation, etc. of the internal and external bearing walls, beams, columns, floors, balconies, rooftops, etc. of the house;

(three) all kinds of security doors, windows, grids, etc. are installed beyond the facade of the external wall or occupy public parts;

(four) other activities that endanger public interests and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others.

The consequences caused by the owners and users not using the house according to the instructions for use of the house shall be borne by them.

Article 30 The following acts are prohibited in the property management area:

(a) trample and occupy green space;

(2) Damaging trees and gardens;

(3) occupying common venues such as passages;

(four) littering, debris;

(five) the occurrence of noise exceeding the prescribed standards;

(six) the discharge of toxic and harmful substances that pollute the environment;

(seven) posting, scribbling and portraying on buildings and structures;

(eight) other acts prohibited by laws, regulations and rules and the owners’ convention.

Article 31 No unit or individual may occupy public buildings and shared facilities and equipment within the property management area.

Temporary occupation and excavation of roads and sites in residential areas due to maintenance or public interests must be reported to the relevant departments for approval and restored to the original state in time.

Article 32 The management system of vehicle driving and parking in residential areas shall be jointly formulated by the owners’ committee and the property management company. The charging standard of parking lot shall be implemented according to the provisions of the price management department, and the proceeds shall be used for the property management of residential areas.

Article 33 The use of property to set up advertising and other business facilities shall be subject to the approval of the relevant owners, users and owners’ committees before going through the examination and approval procedures. The proceeds from the establishment shall be used for property management in residential areas.

Article 34 The cost of property maintenance and renewal shall be borne in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) the cost of maintenance and renewal of the occupied parts and equipment of the house shall be borne by the owner;

(two) the cost of maintenance and renewal of the common parts and equipment of the house shall be shared by the owners of the whole house according to the proportion of their own residential construction area; Property maintenance funds established in accordance with these measures shall be charged to the property maintenance fund;

(three) the cost of maintenance and renewal of public facilities shall be shared by all owners in the property management area according to the proportion of their own residential construction area; Property maintenance funds established in accordance with these measures shall be charged to the property maintenance fund.

If the shared parts, shared equipment and public facilities of the house are artificially damaged, the maintenance and renewal costs shall be borne by the responsible person.

When the property is seriously damaged, which affects the safety of the owners and users, the district property management department shall urge the maintenance within a time limit.

When the property maintenance fund is insufficient, the owners shall pay the property maintenance fund in accordance with the decision of the owners’ committee and the proportion of the residential construction area owned by them.

Article 35 Municipal public facilities, environmental sanitation facilities, parking lots and other public facilities in residential areas shall be managed, repaired and maintained by property management companies entrusted by professional management institutions. Management, repair and maintenance costs are paid by professional management institutions according to regulations.

Article 36 When the common parts of the house and public facilities and equipment are maintained, the adjacent owners and users shall cooperate. If the adjacent owners and users refuse to cooperate with the maintenance, causing property losses to other owners and users, the responsible person shall be responsible for compensation.

Because of property maintenance, decoration caused by adjacent owners, users of property losses or affect the use of housing, by the responsible person to repair or compensation.

Chapter V Property Management Funds, Maintenance Funds and Houses

Article 37 Owners and users shall abide by the owners’ convention and pay property management, maintenance and other expenses according to the agreement of the property management service contract and the decision of the owners’ committee.

The unsold vacant property of the construction unit shall share the cost of property management and maintenance, and the sharing ratio shall not be less than 70% of the charging standard.

Article 38 The principle of fairness and rationality should be followed in determining the charging standard of property management services, and the quality of property management services should be adapted to the service charges.

Property management service charges shall be subject to government pricing, government guidance pricing and operator pricing according to the nature, content and characteristics of the services provided.

Public service charges in ordinary residential quarters are subject to government pricing; The service charges of senior apartments, villas and other residential quarters are subject to government-guided prices; Unless otherwise stipulated by the price management department, the special service fee shall be fixed by the operator.

Article 39 If the property management company has accepted the entrusted management and charged the property management service fee, no other department may charge the fee of the same nature and content for any reason.

Article 40 Property management service fees can be collected in advance by agreement, but the period of collection in advance shall not exceed three months.

Article 41 The items and standards charged by the property management company shall be announced to the owners.

The property management company provides services on its own without the agreement of the property management service contract. Without the approval of the owners’ committee or the owners, the owners or users may not pay the fees.

Article 42 New residential buildings must set up property sharing parts, shared facilities and equipment maintenance funds (hereinafter referred to as property maintenance funds).

The property maintenance fund is extracted by the development and construction unit according to 5% to 8% of the total cost of housing construction and installation, and its ownership belongs to all owners.

The property maintenance fund shall be managed by the municipal property maintenance fund management center in residential areas (buildings) as a unit, subject to the supervision of the financial and auditing departments, and ensure the preservation and appreciation.

The management fee of the property maintenance fund management center shall be approved by the municipal finance department according to reasonable needs, extracted from the value-added income of the property maintenance fund and included in the management of extra-budgetary funds.

Property maintenance fund and its value-added part should be earmarked for the maintenance and renewal of shared parts of property and shared facilities and equipment after the expiration of the warranty period, and it is strictly prohibited to use them for other purposes.

The use of the property maintenance fund shall be put forward by the property management company, approved by the owners’ committee and reported to the district property management department for review, and appropriated by the municipal property management department.

City property departments and property management companies should publish the use of property maintenance funds once a year, and accept the supervision of owners and owners’ committees.

Article 43 Before the implementation of these measures, the residential areas that have been built for the implementation of property management, and the maintenance costs of their shared parts and shared facilities and equipment shall be charged in the following ways:

(a) when the public housing is sold, the housing common parts and shared facilities and equipment maintenance fund extracted from the house sale price;

(two) the rent of public housing;

(three) private houses that have not paid the property maintenance fund shall be borne by the owners according to the proportion of the residential construction area they own.

Article 44 The development and construction unit shall incorporate the property management house and the public building supporting house into the supporting project plan of the residential area, and design and construct simultaneously with the new residential building.

Article 45 Development and construction units in residential housing delivery, should be free of charge to provide three thousandths of the total construction area of residential housing property management office space and public activities space, free of charge to provide four thousandths of the total construction area of residential housing services for the residential area.

Property management office space, public activity space and commercial space, which have been included in the development cost, are all received by the municipal property department and handed over to the owners’ committee for use and operation by the property management company.

Article 46 Property management office buildings, public activity buildings and commercial buildings belong to all owners of the residential area, and their ownership shall not be divided, transferred or mortgaged.

The property management company is responsible for the operation of commercial buildings received by the owners’ committee, and the proceeds are used for property management in residential areas.

The term for the property management company to use the property management house shall not exceed the employment term of the property management company.

Chapter VI Early Property Management

Article 47 The term "pre-property management" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the property management before the establishment of the owners’ committee.

Article 48 Three months before the new residential building is delivered for use, the development and construction unit shall hire a property management company to conduct preliminary management, sign a preliminary property management service contract with it, and report it to the district property management department for the record.

After the election of the owners’ committee, the owners’ committee decides to renew or change the employment of the property management company, and signs a property management service contract, and the previous property management service contract is terminated at the same time.

Article 49 The property maintenance fund shall not be used during the prophase property management. The maintenance of shared parts and shared facilities and equipment during this period shall be borne by the development and construction unit.

Article 50 The residential area development and construction unit shall, within fifteen days after the completion and acceptance of the residential area, hand over the following technical materials for project construction to the local property management department:

(a) the general plan of the residential area;

(two) the single building, structure and equipment diagram of the residential area;

(3) Underground pipe network diagram of residential area;

(4) Technical data on the use and maintenance of relevant facilities and equipment;

(five) comprehensive acceptance data of residential areas.

After the establishment of the residential owners’ committee, the local property management department shall hand over the above information to the owners’ committee, which will provide it to the property management company for preservation and use.

Article 51 When a new house is delivered for use, the development and construction unit must provide the Residential Project Warranty Card and the Residential Instruction Manual according to the relevant provisions of the state and this Municipality, and bear the warranty responsibility according to the provisions of the Residential Project Warranty Card.

Article 52 The cost of pre-property management services before delivery shall be borne by the development and construction unit; The prophase property management service fees incurred after delivery shall be borne by the development and construction unit and the buyer in accordance with the stipulations of the residential sales contract.

Article 53 When a new house is delivered for use, the development and construction unit, property management company and other departments of the house shall not charge any fees to the buyer of the house, except as stipulated in the house sales contract or stipulated by the price management department.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Article 54 Owners and users who violate the owners’ convention shall bear corresponding civil liabilities. In violation of the owners’ convention, the owners’ committee or the relevant owners and users may bring a lawsuit to the people’s court according to law.

If the owner or user fails to pay the property management service fee in accordance with the property management service contract, the property management company may impose a late payment fee of three thousandths of the payable fee on a daily basis or impose a late payment fee as agreed.

Article 55 Owners, users in violation of the provisions of article twenty-ninth, the provisions of article thirtieth, the property management company shall promptly stop, and supervise the correction; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be reported to the relevant departments for handling according to law.

Article 56 Property management companies that violate the property management service contract shall bear corresponding liabilities for breach of contract; If losses are caused to the owners and users, they shall be liable for compensation.

Article 57 In violation of these measures, the property management company shall be punished according to the following provisions:

(a) in violation of the provisions of article nineteenth, article twentieth, article twenty-first, article twenty-third, article twenty-fourth, article twenty-sixth and article forty-sixth, the property management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and may impose a fine of not less than one thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan;

(two) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-second, fortieth and forty-first, the municipal price management department shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

If the property management company violates these measures seriously, the property management department may lower its qualification grade until the qualification grade certificate is cancelled.

Article 58 Development and construction units in violation of these measures shall be punished in accordance with the following provisions:

(a) in violation of the second paragraph of article forty-second, the provisions of article forty-fifth, the municipal property department shall order it to perform within a time limit. If it still fails to perform within the prescribed time limit, the municipal property administrative department may apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution, and if it violates the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 42, it has the right to require it to pay a late fee at a rate of two thousandths of the payable amount for each overdue day.

(two) in violation of the provisions of article fiftieth, the municipal property department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and may impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than fifty thousand yuan.

Article 59 Property management department staff dereliction of duty, abuse of power, corruption or interception, misappropriation of property maintenance funds, by their units or higher authorities to give administrative sanctions; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 60 The implementation of administrative punishment in violation of these measures shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Administrative Punishment Law.

Article 61 If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, it may apply for reconsideration or directly bring a suit in a people’s court according to law. If a party fails to apply for reconsideration, bring a suit in a people’s court or perform the punishment decision within the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 62 Residential areas that have implemented property management before the implementation of these measures shall be standardized in accordance with the provisions of these measures.

Residential areas that have been delivered for use before the implementation of these measures but have not yet implemented property management may gradually implement property management with reference to the provisions of these measures.

County (city) urban residential property management, with reference to these measures.

Property management of office buildings and commercial and residential buildings shall be implemented with reference to these measures.

Article 63 The Legislative Affairs Bureau of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

Article 64 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　CCTV News:On January 14th, 2020, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Zou Zhiwu, Deputy Director of General Administration of Customs, and Huang Guohua, Deputy Director of Statistics and Analysis Department introduced the import and export situation in 2019 and answered questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked, what are the characteristics of private enterprises in import and export in 2019? What new measures does the General Administration of Customs have to support the import and export of private enterprises?

　　In 2019, private enterprises became the largest subject of foreign trade in China. Zou Zhiwu believes that there are mainly several aspects:

　　First, the vitality of private enterprises has improved. In 2019, the number of private enterprises with import and export performance reached 406,000, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year. At present, the significant increase in the number of private enterprises reflects the continuous optimization of the domestic business environment and is an important manifestation of the endogenous motivation and development vitality of China’s foreign trade. In 2019, the import and export of private enterprises increased by 11.4%, driving the growth of foreign trade by 4.5 percentage points.

　　Second, private enterprises in the central and western regions developed rapidly. With the help of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the comparative advantages of regional comprehensive costs, the import and export of private enterprises grew faster in the central and western regions. In 2019, the import and export growth rate of private enterprises in the central and western regions reached 28.3% and 22.4% respectively, which was 19.5 percentage points and 13.6 percentage points higher than that in the eastern region. In 2019, the top four provinces in terms of import and export growth of private enterprises were all located in the central and western regions, namely Tibet, Hunan, Guangxi and Anhui.

　　Third, the efforts of private enterprises to explore emerging markets have been continuously enhanced. In 2019, the export of private enterprises to all major markets showed a growth trend. While maintaining their traditional market advantages, their exports to emerging markets such as ASEAN, Latin America and Africa increased by 25.6%, 11.4% and 15.6% respectively, which were also higher than the national export growth rate to these three markets.

　　In the next step, the General Administration of Customs is prepared to study and introduce specific measures specifically aimed at the concerns of private foreign trade enterprises, study more specific, more targeted and more beneficial support measures for enterprises, do a good job in customs supervision and services, and further optimize the business environment of private enterprises.

Bank card transaction limit adjustment method and related knowledge

In daily life, bank cards are used more and more frequently. However, bank cards usually have a certain transaction limit. This limit may need to be adjusted for various reasons to meet the different needs of individuals or enterprises.

First of all, the common ways to adjust the transaction limit of bank cards are as follows:

1. Handling at the bank counter: This is a more traditional and direct way. You only need to bring your valid ID card and bank card to the bank counter, ask the staff to adjust the transaction limit, and fill in the relevant forms and provide the necessary information as required. The staff will make corresponding adjustments for you after verifying your identity and needs.

2. Online banking adjustment: Many banks provide online banking services. You can log in to personal online banking and find the function of adjusting transaction limit in related settings or security management options. Different banks’ online banking interfaces and operating procedures may be different, but there are generally clear tips and guidance.

3. Adjustment of mobile banking: With the development of mobile finance, mobile banking has become the choice of more and more people. By downloading and logging into the bank’s mobile banking application, you can find the options for adjusting the transaction limit in the modules such as settings or security center, and follow the system prompts to complete the operation.

It should be noted that different types of bank cards, such as debit cards and credit cards, may have different ways and rules to adjust their transaction limits. At the same time, banks will have certain restrictions and requirements on the adjustment of trading limits.

The following is a comparison table of common bank card transaction limit types and adjustment methods:

In addition, the purpose of setting transaction limits by banks is mainly to ensure the safety of customers’ funds and prevent the loss of funds caused by theft and misoperation. Therefore, when adjusting the trading limit, you need to fully consider your own risk tolerance and actual needs and set the limit reasonably.

If you encounter problems or have any questions in the process of adjusting the transaction limit of bank cards, you can contact the customer service staff of the bank at any time, and they will provide you with detailed answers and help. At the same time, we should also pay attention to protecting personal bank card information and passwords to avoid risks caused by information leakage.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

The administrative offices of the Union, the Municipal People’s Government, the commissions, offices, departments and bureaus of the autonomous region, and major enterprises and institutions:

The implementation of urban renewal is a major decision-making arrangement made by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and a major strategic measure to conform to the new stage of urban development and promote the high-quality development of the city. Urban renewal is not only an important carrier to implement the new development concept, but also an important fulcrum to build a new development pattern and an important path to promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. At present, the urban development of our region has changed from large-scale incremental construction to both stock upgrading and incremental structural adjustment, and has entered an important period of urban renewal. In order to promote the implementation of urban renewal, with the consent of the people’s government of the autonomous region, we hereby put forward the following opinions.

I. General requirements

Completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, understand, respect and conform to the laws of urban development, continuously improve the quality of urban human settlements, and promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity. Promote the inclusion of Hohhot and Baotou in national pilot cities and introduce pilot programs for urban renewal; Carry out urban renewal construction demonstration, and guide cities (including Bayanhaote Town, Alashan Zuoqi, Alashan League) to implement urban renewal actions. By the end of 2023, all the cities in the whole region will form demonstration areas for renewal, and gradually expand the scope of the areas or concentrate on urban renewal. By the end of 2025, important progress has been made in urban renewal, the institutional mechanism and policy system for urban renewal have been initially formed, the urban system has been continuously improved, the urban structure, functions and layout have been gradually adjusted and optimized, the mode of urban development and construction has been accelerated, the urban living environment has been continuously improved, and "urban diseases" and outstanding urban problems have been effectively controlled.

Second, the key tasks

(1) Building a livable and comfortable city.

1. Improve the spatial layout. Promote the construction of Hubao Hubei and Chifeng and Tongliao regional central cities, accelerate the integration process of Hubao Hubei and Hubei, promote the integration of production and cities, coordinate the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, promote the co-construction and sharing of major regional infrastructure and public service facilities, and establish a modern facility network system such as comprehensive three-dimensional transportation of urban agglomerations with perfect functions and close connection. Promote urban and rural development with counties as a unit, steadily improve the carrying capacity of small and medium-sized cities, and focus on developing small towns with characteristics.

2. Promote the transformation of old communities. In accordance with the requirements of co-construction, co-governance, sharing, basic categories should be reformed, improved categories should be reformed more, and upgrading categories should be actively promoted, the renovation plan and annual renovation plan of old residential areas should be scientifically formulated, the renovation content should be reasonably determined, and efforts should be made to solve the problem of people’s "urgent difficulties and worries". By the end of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, the renovation of old residential areas completed before the end of 2005 will be basically completed. We will intensify the energy-saving renovation, water-saving renovation, aging adaptation and barrier-free facilities renovation of existing buildings, carry out actions to make up for shortcomings in the construction of complete residential communities, actively create green communities, and improve the livable level of residents.

3. Promote the renovation of old houses. The dilapidated buildings identified by the housing administrative department can be rebuilt through renovation, reconstruction or appropriate expansion. If conditions permit, the scale of the building can be appropriately increased, complete renovation or convenience service facilities can be implemented. Encourage old buildings such as old office buildings and old commercial facilities to upgrade, adjust their functions, enhance their vitality and develop new formats. Encourage old buildings to increase fire stairs, elevators and other facilities, and make comprehensive use of qualified underground space.

4. Promote the transformation of old factory areas. For enterprises in old industrial areas, local transformation, relocation in different places and legal closure will be implemented as appropriate, so as to guide enterprises to concentrate in qualified industrial parks and promote industrial agglomeration development. Make full use of the vacated land and abandoned land, and develop modern production and living services and strategic emerging industries. Encourage the transformation of old factories and facilities, giving priority to public culture, public sports, pension and creativity industries. We will promote the functional reconstruction, environmental improvement and ecosystem restoration of old industrial plants, rationally develop and utilize industrial heritage resources, and build bases for patriotism education and popular science.

5. Implement ecological restoration and functional improvement. Fully consider the carrying capacity of resources and environment, reasonably determine the city size and population density, improve the urban ecosystem, and protect the natural features of urban mountains. Repair rivers, lakes, wetlands and other water bodies, coordinate regional watershed ecological environment management and urban construction, protect and restore urban and surrounding water space, and expand rainwater storage space. Fully tap urban idle resources, maximize the activation of urban inefficient resources, and adopt diversified operation methods to make overall planning and in-depth development of existing urban spatial resources.

(2) Building a green and low-carbon city.

1. Promote the construction of landscaping. Strengthen the construction of urban park system, greenway and slow-moving system, and build a green ecological network. Taking the construction of garden city as the starting point, we will implement the action of "300 meters to see green, 500 meters to see garden" to further strengthen the systematic and balanced comprehensive service efficiency of urban garden green space. Reasonable planning and construction of public activity spaces such as squares, theme parks and walkways will facilitate residents’ activities and promote residents’ exchanges. Strengthen the function of green space to serve residents’ daily activities, so that residents can see green space near their homes, get close to green space and cultivate their sentiments.

2. Build a green building system. Strengthen the improvement of energy efficiency of new buildings and promote the development of passive buildings with ultra-low energy consumption, near zero energy consumption and zero carbon. Promote the scale development of green buildings, expand the implementation scope of green building standards, and develop high-star green buildings. Continue to promote the energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings and public buildings, and strengthen the promotion and application of green building materials. Cultivate the industrial base of prefabricated buildings, carry out the demonstration of prefabricated buildings, improve the technical standard system of prefabricated buildings, explore the popularization and application in the construction of affordable housing, and accelerate the development of prefabricated buildings.

3. Accelerate the implementation of clean heating. Adhere to both energy security and clean development, and implement clean heating transformation such as "coal to gas" and "coal to electricity" according to local conditions. Vigorously promote cogeneration, industrial waste heat and large-scale regional boilers and other central heating methods, actively promote medium and long-distance heating, and gradually phase out scattered coal-fired boilers. Accelerate the integration and optimization of heating sources and the networking operation of heating networks to form a multi-heat source combined heating ring network. Accelerate the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, the renovation of shanty towns and the renovation of urban villages and suburban areas, and gradually improve the clean heating rate.

4. Standardize the classification of domestic waste. Promote the introduction of local laws and regulations on the classification of domestic waste, improve the classification management system of domestic waste, improve the classification standards, issue guidance catalogues, and explore the formulation of incentive mechanisms linked to the classification results. Standardize the classified delivery of domestic waste, improve the classified collection facilities, improve the classified transfer facilities, promote the construction of domestic waste incineration plants and kitchen waste treatment plants, and enhance the terminal processing capacity. Improve the efficiency of garbage recovery and resource utilization.

(3) Building a safe and resilient city.

1. Promote the construction of sponge cities. Improve the promotion mechanism of sponge city construction, and run the concept and requirements of sponge city construction through the whole process of project construction. Carry out the pilot project of sponge city construction, give play to the leading role of typical demonstration projects, and cooperate with the construction and transformation of new urban infrastructure, the transformation of old residential areas, the treatment of black and odorous water bodies, drainage and waterlogging prevention, and landscaping. Adhere to systematic thinking and comprehensive management, and implement the five-year action of urban waterlogging control.

2. Promote the construction of new urban infrastructure. Comprehensively improve the operational efficiency and service capacity of urban infrastructure, implement the upgrading and intelligent management of municipal infrastructure such as urban water supply, drainage, heating and gas, improve the early warning and emergency management of pipe network leakage, flood control and drainage, gas safety, and ensure the safe operation of municipal infrastructure.

3. Strengthen the examination and acceptance of engineering fire protection design. Further standardize the working procedures of fire protection design review and acceptance of construction projects, and increase the construction of fire protection design review and acceptance institutions and teams. Strengthen the supervision of fire protection design review, construction, inspection and acceptance, strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers, focus on solving problems left over from history, do a good job in the pilot work of fire protection design review and acceptance in the renovation and utilization of existing buildings, and form a replicable and scalable experience.

4. Maintain urban public safety. Improve the allocation standard of urban comprehensive disaster prevention and safety facilities, improve the emergency command system for urban earthquake resistance, road traffic and geological disasters, and improve the urban life passage system. Strengthen the construction of urban disaster prevention and refuge places, and enhance the ability to resist natural disasters, deal with emergencies and manage crises. Establish and improve the responsibility system for urban safety supervision, rationally arrange urban residential and living areas, comprehensive service areas, commercial and business areas and green leisure areas, strengthen the monitoring of major hazard sources, and eliminate major accidents.

(4) Create a smart and dynamic city.

1. Promote the construction of urban information platform. Relying on the big data platform in the autonomous region, we will accelerate the construction of the basic platform of urban information model (CIM). Comprehensively promote the in-depth application of the platform in urban physical examination, urban safety, intelligent construction, smart community and other fields. Promote the construction of urban comprehensive management service platform and improve the scientific, refined and intelligent management level of the city. Build the Internet of construction industry, and apply the technology of building information model (BIM) to improve the coordination level of architectural design, construction, operation and maintenance.

2. Conduct a general survey of underground municipal infrastructure. Fully grasp the current situation, promote prefecture-level cities to establish and improve the comprehensive management information platform of underground municipal infrastructure, meet the requirements of facilities planning and construction, operation services, emergency and disaster prevention, and deeply integrate with the CIM platform to realize the co-construction and sharing of facilities information. Establish the geographic information system of municipal drainage pipe network, and realize the informationization and account book management of the pipe network.

(5) Shaping a city with humanistic characteristics.

1. Strengthen historical and cultural protection. We will sort out the regional cultural characteristics and urban vein texture in detail, do a good job in the protection of historical and cultural cities, historical and cultural blocks and historical buildings, and establish an urban and rural historical and cultural protection and inheritance system with scientific classification, strong protection and effective management. Efforts should be made to solve the outstanding problems such as the repeated destruction and demolition of historical and cultural heritage, make overall plans for protection, utilization and inheritance, and adhere to systematic and complete protection, not only to protect single buildings, but also to protect street blocks and urban patterns, as well as to protect historical sites, natural landscapes and human environment.

2. Strengthen the control of style and features. In accordance with the architectural policy of "applicability, economy, green and beauty", the use function of buildings and the requirements of energy-saving, water-saving, land-saving, material-saving and environmental protection are highlighted, and special-shaped buildings are strictly controlled to prevent one-sided pursuit of architectural appearance. Comprehensively strengthen urban design, optimize and upgrade architectural design standards, strengthen the investigation of design responsibility, strictly control the examination and approval of architectural design, and put an end to chaos such as greed, flattery and strangeness.

Third, the work measures

(a) to carry out a comprehensive urban physical examination. Through the evaluation of urban physical examination, find out the shortcomings and weaknesses. Coordinate the management of urban planning and construction, and put forward the goals and suggestions of optimizing regional functions, improving public facilities, improving urban quality, protecting historical features, improving urban environment and improving infrastructure.

(two) the scientific preparation of the implementation plan. The people’s governments of various cities shall organize the formulation of the implementation plan for urban renewal in their respective regions, and rationally delimit the renewal areas. Considering the functional integrity, systematicness and project implementability of the district as a whole, the project construction plan of the renewal district should be compiled, and different districts should implement differentiated urban renewal strategies.

(three) to carry out the implementation effect evaluation. According to the implementation plan of urban renewal, carry out post-evaluation of implementation effect, comprehensively summarize the implementation effect, seek truth from facts to find problems, and formulate sustainable promotion measures. Carry out a survey of people’s satisfaction and let the people judge the effectiveness of urban human settlements construction.

Fourth, organizational guarantee

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. All regions and relevant departments should fully understand the significance of implementing urban renewal actions, and establish a working mechanism for autonomous regions to make overall plans, cities to take overall responsibility, and jurisdictions to implement them. Establish an inter-office joint meeting system for the implementation of urban renewal actions in the autonomous region, and clarify departmental responsibilities and tasks. The office of the joint meeting is located in the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of the autonomous region. All relevant departments should do a good job of coordination, strengthen work guidance, strengthen policy support, and form a joint force for urban renewal. The people’s governments of cities should earnestly assume the main responsibility, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, and promote the effectiveness of urban renewal.

(2) Strengthen policy guarantee. Innovate supporting systems such as project establishment, land, planning and approval, and form a management system and policy system that is suitable for large-scale stock upgrading and transformation. Increase the security of urban renewal projects, optimize the supply structure of new construction land, revitalize the use of existing urban construction land, give priority to urban renewal projects, and adjust the nature and use of land according to law as needed. Continue to optimize the business environment, and improve the approval efficiency of urban renewal related projects by reducing links, reducing materials and optimizing the approval process.

(3) Increase financial support. Actively strive for central subsidy funds, adjust and optimize the financial expenditure structure, and increase investment in urban renewal projects. Co-ordinate the special funds of the autonomous region and guide the financial subsidy funds to tilt towards urban renewal projects. Support local people’s governments to increase the investment of special bond funds in urban renewal projects. Give full play to the role of policy finance, innovate financial products and services, and provide sustainable financing support for urban renewal. Encourage social capital to participate in urban renewal projects.

(4) Do a good job in publicity and guidance. All regions should intensify publicity and reporting, make full use of radio and television, newspapers, internet and other media, widely publicize the policies and effects of urban renewal, and tell the story of Inner Mongolia urban renewal. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance of public opinion, report advanced experience in time, and publicize the sense of gain brought by urban renewal to the people. We should actively expand people’s participation channels and jointly create a good social atmosphere for urban renewal.

September 3, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Taipei, June 20th　Title: From "Lai Pig" to "Jia Niu", food insecurity hangs over Taiwan Province.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Jun Shang Hao

　　At the beginning of June, I went to Taipei for an interview, and found that some restaurants posted the sign "We use Taiwan Province pig" in a conspicuous position. The clerk solved the reporter’s confusion in one sentence: "We don’t need ‘ Lai pig ’ La! "

　　"Lai pig" is the name of Taiwan Province people for pork using ractopamine (commonly known as lean meat essence). Despite strong opposition from all walks of life on the island, Democratic Progressive Party authorities officially opened the import of American pork and American beef over 30 months old using ractopamine on January 1, 2021.

　　After the block was invalid, all sectors of society hoped that the authorities could clearly mark the imported "Lai pig" as containing ractopamine, but it was still rejected by the authorities. The competent department of the authorities said that it can be distinguished by marking the place of origin. In order to retain consumers, many supermarkets, stores and restaurants hang signs such as "Taiwan Province Pig" and "cattle from a certain place".

　　In a store in Guangfu North Road, Taipei, the "Taiwan Province Pig" logo is hung in the meat area, indicating that it does not contain ractopamine (data photo). Xinhua news agency

　　Statistics from Taiweifu Department show that Taiwan Province has imported nearly 2,000 tons of American pork and 1,700 tons of American pig offal this year, accounting for nearly 5% and 14.5% of imported meat respectively. Paradoxically, last month, the Taiwan Province Consumer Culture and Education Foundation randomly selected 289 pieces of pork-containing foods on the market, but could not find a single piece of pork labeled as American-made. In contrast, 8 pieces of French pork with equivalent imports can be found. This result greatly puzzled the Consumer Foundation, questioning the fear of "washing the place of origin" behind it and calling on the authorities to strengthen supervision.

　　At the beginning of the controversy over the release of "Lai Pig", the Taiwan authorities offered "all-round management measures for imported pork" such as factory inspection in the United States, new item numbers, batch-by-batch inspection, clear labeling and strict inspection, in order to stabilize the people’s hearts.

　　Wu Rongda, chairman of the Consumer Foundation, said that in the past two years, there are still many unclear links in the entry of American pigs into the food market in Taiwan Province, and it is difficult for consumers to know the circulation process and whereabouts of these pigs.

　　In April this year, Taiwan’s "Food and Drug Administration" announced the draft of opening up the import of all-cow-age beef in Canada, which caused consumers’ concern. According to the data of the Consumer Foundation, in December 2021, cattle were infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (commonly known as "mad cow disease") again in Canada, and many countries suspended the import of Canadian beef.

　　Taiwan’s "Food and Drug Administration" assessed that it was "acceptable risk" to open Canada’s beef imports. Zhang Zhiming, chairman of the Taiwan Province Beef Cattle Association, said that the association had raised doubts with the Food and Drug Administration that opening up would affect consumers’ confidence and the survival of the island’s operators, and the proposal was postponed, but there was no response.

　　On June 15, Taiwan’s administrative agencies made a decision to open the import of all-cow-age beef in Canada. In this regard, the Consumer Foundation expressed solemn opposition, and said that if the authorities insisted on ignoring public opinion, they would appeal to consumers to launch a refusal action to defend people’s food safety and health rights.

　　Democratic Progressive Party authorities, who boast that they are "the best communicators and listen to public opinions", why do they repeatedly violate public opinions and open up food imports that may have problems regardless of potential risks? Lin Zilun, a spokesman for Taiwan’s administrative agency, said that opening Canadian beef imports for all ages would help Taiwan Province’s "international participation".

　　So what exactly is the help? Mason Lee, the main official of Taiwan’s foreign exchange department, made it quite clear: Canada will be the chairman of CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) next year, and opening up the import of all-cow-age beef from Canada will have a "positive effect" on Taiwan Province’s entry into CPTPP.

　　The United Daily News questioned that the reason for opening up is "international participation" from "Lai pig", "nuclear food" to "adding cattle". In the eyes of Democratic Progressive Party authorities, how much is the health of Taiwan Province people worth per catty? "International participation" and people’s food safety are two different things. Why should people’s food safety be sacrificed with the empty check of "international participation"? Lai Shibao, a representative of China Kuomintang public opinion, said: "Now ‘ Lai pig ’ After eating, there is no shadow of joining international organizations. "

　　Just as the flow of pigs in the United States is unclear, in order to lower the price of pigs and reduce inflationary pressure, the agricultural authorities of the Taiwan authorities have introduced measures to subsidize 6 yuan (NTD, the same below) per kilogram to encourage farmers to import foreign pork, with an estimated subsidy of 50,000 tons before the end of September.

　　The editorial of the United Daily News pointed out that imported pigs had a price advantage, and pig farmers in Taiwan Province were not allowed to use clenbuterol. The authorities used tax money to subsidize imported pork, which was a double blow to pig farmers in Taiwan Province.

　　Taiwan Province people often eat seafood also began to shadow. In January this year, the Japanese government set the discharge time of Fukushima nuclear polluted water as "this spring and summer". Taiwan’s "Original Energy Association" recently said that some nuclear polluted water will reach Taiwan Province waters as soon as one or two years after discharge, and the maximum concentration impact is four years after discharge, but it has "no radiation safety impact" on Taiwan Province.

　　On the morning of June 13th, nearly 100 people from various groups in Taiwan Province held a press conference at the location of Japan-Taiwan Province Exchange Association to protest against Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea. The participating groups resolutely oppose the import of Japanese "nuclear food" and the discharge of nuclear polluted water from Japan.

　　Cheng Renhong, a professor at China Culture University, wrote that if radioactive substances remain in the nuclear polluted water, they will gather in the food chain, and long-term accumulation will harm human health. Democratic Progressive Party authorities should take the initiative to check the food safety of consumers and strengthen radiation monitoring of imported food and fishery products, which is the unshirkable responsibility.

　　The skull of the cave bear discovered by the researchers is much larger than that of the existing brown bear. Image source: Science Progress website

　　Most people may have heard of the extinction of mammoth mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, bighorn deer and other giant fauna in Eurasia during the thrilling extinction event of the Ice Age, but they are not necessarily familiar with cave bears with a body width of 1.7 meters, a body length of 3.5 meters and a weight of more than one ton.

　　Ursus spelaeus is a kind of bear that lived in the northern part of Eurasia in Pleistocene. It became extinct about 20,000 years ago. Because its fossils were mostly found in caves, it was named "Cave Bear". In many famous caves, almost all the bones of the cave bear have been found. It was also found in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China, and it was the two giant bears in the Pleistocene with the giant short-faced bear.

　　Whether the cave bear is a vegetarian or a carnivore, and what is the relationship between the "recipe" of this behemoth and its extinction, the scientific community has always had different opinions. In recent 40 years, through the research on the level of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears, some scientists think that they are herbivores because they like tender grass, grass roots and strawberries. Some scientists believe that they also hunted some animals, even humans at that time, which should be carnivores. Recently, a famous international journal, Scientific Progress, published a paper saying that scientists gave a biomechanical explanation to the eating habits of cave bears through computer simulation, and put forward a brand-new view that "chewing leads to the functional degradation of sinus and other systems, and then the skull becomes smaller, which may lead to the extinction of cave bears" through the relationship between chewing exercise and skull development.

　　Viewpoint 1: Plants wither and starve to death due to falling temperature.

　　Three years ago, Yukichi Naito of the University of Tubingen, Germany, found that the content of nitrogen -15 in the bones of cave bears was low, with strong jaws and large flat teeth, and only dense vegetation grew around their residence. All this shows that cave bears are herbivores. This special diet is the reason why the cave bear became extinct more than 20,000 years ago.

　　At that time, the temperature dropped sharply, and the vegetation withered in a large area, which made the cave bear lose its food. Scholars believe that because the food of the cave bear is very single, it must eat a lot in order to meet the needs of the body. Compared with pandas who have to eat 40 kilograms of bamboo every day, cave bears eat more than that, and the nutrient conversion rate is very low. On the contrary, the brown bear is an omnivore with high nitrogen content in its bones. Its diet includes fruits, honey, fish and so on. Its rich diet structure makes it more adaptable to the environment, so it can be widely distributed. This view has also been widely recognized.

　　The second point of view is that the fight between caves and humans has been wiped out.

　　In the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe, the bones of cave bears discovered by scientists show that cave bears are not as gentle as people thought before. They have huge teeth and razor-sharp claws, are fierce carnivores and even eat people. By analyzing the data of cave bear bones found in the southwest corner of this mountain range in recent years, scientists show that most cave bears have a lot of nitrogen -15 content, which exceeds that of many herbivores. This shows that these cave bears are carnivorous individuals and are typical carnivores. They not only compete with humans for caves, but also prey on hyenas, gray wolves, cave lions and fish.

　　In December 2019, Science Report magazine published an evolutionary research report by European scientists, saying that the cave bear population began to decrease sharply about 40,000 years ago, which was earlier than the climate cooling period and coincided with the spread of modern humans in Europe. The cold climate and the subsequent reduction of plant-derived food may lead to the dispersion of cave bear population into different sub-populations, which live in small habitats with mild climate and rich plants. Various human behaviors, including hunting, may have interrupted the connection between these sub-populations, thus playing a decisive role in the extinction of cave bears.

　　This view has already appeared in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008, and an international research group composed of scientists from the United States, Britain and Germany published their findings — — The cave bear is one of the strongest rivals of human ancestors. With wisdom, human ancestors destroyed the living environment of these fierce animals, drove them out of their caves and rushed to the mountains. There is evidence that some caves were occupied by ancient humans and cave bears alternately. From this, it is speculated that humans killed or drove away those depressed bears during the hibernation of cave bears; When spring comes, the cave bears who are awake from hibernation and hungry in their bellies will attack humans and recapture the caves. In this cycle of fighting, humans with slightly stronger intelligence finally seized the caves and wiped them out.

　　The latest view is that chewing ability becomes weak, so you can’t eat meat and "sleep for a long time"

　　French and Belgian researchers found that the cave bear is an omnivore by analyzing its teeth. Compared with herbivores, carnivores will accumulate more nitrogen in the body during eating. In addition, black bears and brown bears are omnivores, which shows that although cave bears may mainly eat grass in most cases, sometimes they will taste the meat.

　　Axel Barlow of Potsdam University in Germany and others have analyzed the genome sequences of four cave bears that lived between 71,000 and 34,000 years ago, compared them with those of other animals, and analyzed the scratches and spots on their tooth glazes to judge their food composition. The researchers introduced in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they found that cave bears were not vegetarian. Before entering hibernation, cave bears had a variety of foods, including poultry and mammals, invertebrates, seeds and various dried fruits and fresh fruits. Like most omnivores, it will not go into hibernation until it stores enough energy.

　　According to the latest viewpoint published in Scientific Progress, the extinction of the cave bear is not due to the competition with human beings, but because the cave bear’s nose has evolved a special structure. The research team from the University of Malaga, Spain, analyzed the eating scene of cave bears by computer simulation to determine whether cave bears can effectively adjust their diet under the condition of limited vegetation resources, thus explaining why European cave bears became extinct during the climate change period.

　　The research team scanned the skulls of four cave bears and eight living brown bears, and found that the sinus of cave bears was surprisingly large, and the sinus directly affected the chewing mode, strength and amplitude. Due to the enlargement of the sinus, the skull and cranium of the cave bear face are deformed, and the originally round top of the head becomes flat and extends backward continuously, so the bite force of the canine teeth and incisors becomes weak. As time goes by, they can’t tear the meat with their front teeth and canine teeth, but only rely on molars to grind the plants and swallow them. Therefore, when grass is not enough to eat, they can’t turn to meat.

　　Why did cave bears evolve into large sinuses? In the cold ice age, cave bears hibernate longer than other Xiong Ke animals in a year, and the large sinuses help to reduce the consumption during hibernation. Sinus is a cavity in the skull, with four pairs, which are symmetrical left and right. It can adjust the temperature and humidity of the air inhaled into nasal cavity, which is very important for cave bears to hibernate.

　　Alejandro perez Ramos, a paleontologist at the University of Malaga in Spain, one of the authors of the paper, explained that cave bears evolved large sinuses to adapt to the environment. With large sinuses, they can reduce energy consumption by hibernating in winter, so as to survive the winter when food supply is insufficient. But it is also because of the large sinuses that their chewing ability is affected. They can only eat grass and can’t eat meat at all. When the vegetation can’t grow because of the cold, the cave bear can’t survive by changing its diet, especially before hibernation, because it fails to intake enough energy, it is likely to run out of fat and "stay awake for a long time", which eventually leads to the extinction of the whole species.

　　Of course, more research evidence is needed about the sinus structure of cave bear. It is believed that with more and more scientific discoveries mastered by scientists, whether cave bears are vegetarians or omnivores and the mystery of cave bears’ extinction will eventually be revealed to the world.

　　 　[Study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee] 　

　　 　People’s democracy in the whole process is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and developing people’s democracy in the whole process is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which was deliberated and adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, listed "focusing on developing people’s democracy in the whole process" among the "seven focuses" and made key arrangements. To thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, we should profoundly grasp the civilized mode, reform requirements and social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process, and focus on directional, overall and strategic issues, so as to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote the construction of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　A profound understanding of the whole process of people’s democracy civilization.

　　 　China’s expression of socialist political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "To study Marx, we must study and practice Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy." Marx and Engels put forward that "the first step of the workers’ revolution is to make the proletariat rise to the ruling class and strive for democracy". Lenin emphasized that socialist social democracy "is the rule of the majority" and advocated "striving for a national system that can best guarantee economic development and people’s rights". The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a firm believer, an active disseminator and a loyal practitioner of Marxism and scientific socialism. The Marxist thought on people’s democracy provides a theoretical source and basis for the formation of people’s democratic ideas in the whole process. In all the practice of revolution, construction and reform, our Party has not only unswervingly guided the great practice of people being masters of their own affairs with Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy, but also unswervingly promoted the China modernization of this theory. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has profoundly grasped the new changes in the main social contradictions in China, actively responded to the people’s new demands and expectations for democracy, and put forward a major concept of people’s democracy in the whole process. The Decision also emphasizes "perfecting the people’s democratic system in the whole process" from the perspective of further comprehensively deepening reforms, which is the latest theoretical expression and practical innovation requirement of China-era Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy.Pushing the regular understanding and creative practice of people’s democracy in the whole process to a new height has greatly enhanced our institutional confidence and confidence.

　　 　Inheritance and innovation of Chinese civilization in 5000 years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "in the historical evolution of thousands of years, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilizations and formed rich thoughts on state system and state governance". The concept of people’s democracy in the whole process is rooted in the vast land of China, sucking the cultural nutrients accumulated by the long struggle of the Chinese nation, and has a profound historical background. In the long history of more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has created brilliant political civilization, and its concept of co-governance under the heaven and its political wisdom of seeking common ground while reserving differences are deeply related to the people’s congress system and political consultation system initiated by our party. People-oriented thoughts, such as respecting heaven and protecting the people, supporting the people by government, valuing the country and despising the people, formed by Chinese ancestors, contain rich democratic factors and reflect the simple cognition and unremitting pursuit of democracy. The idea of people’s democracy in the whole process is the great product of "two combinations". From people-oriented to democracy, Marxism activated the democratic gene contained in China’s traditional political civilization with the light of truth, and integrated the essence of Marxism’s thought on people’s democracy with the essence of Chinese civilization’s political wisdom, and with the democratic idea that the people used everyday without realizing it, forming a democratic system rooted in the fertile soil of their own country and nation’s history and culture, and developing a modern form of brilliant political civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　 　The rich development of human political civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There are many ways to realize democracy, and it is impossible to be uniform." Western democracy once played an important role in the history of human political civilization, but democracy is historical, developing and concrete, and no country can monopolize the right to speak and interpret democracy. Western democracy, due to its own insurmountable class and era limitations, causes people to be awakened only when they vote, and then go into hibernation. Only when they listen to hype slogans during the election, they have no right to speak after the election, and they are favored only when they canvass and left out after the election. This kind of democracy is not a real democracy in essence. In the whole process, people’s democracy does not copy western dogma. This democratic system has the characteristics of continuity in time, integrity in content, coordination in operation, and universality and continuity in people’s participation, which prevents the chronic diseases of making promises all over the sky during the election and leaving no one to ask after the election, overcomes the defects of "failure" and "inefficiency" in governance, such as "difficult to decide with votes" and "protracted indecision", and avoids the dilemma.Enriched and developed the form of human political civilization.

　　2 systematically grasp the reform requirements of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　Adhere to the leadership of the party. The "Decision" puts forward the idea of "adhering to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and governing the country according to law", and puts the party’s leadership in the first place in the whole process of developing people’s democracy. In a big country like China, it is not easy to truly express and realize the wishes of more than 1.4 billion people, and there must be strong and unified leadership. The leadership of the Party is the political premise, fundamental guarantee and greatest advantage of developing people’s democracy in the whole process. The whole process of people’s democracy is the inevitable result of the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic of our party’s long-term struggle in modern times. It is the crystallization of our party’s experience in continuously promoting China’s democratic theory innovation, system innovation and practice innovation, and it is the inevitable requirement of adhering to the party’s essential attributes and practicing the party’s fundamental purpose. To uphold the party’s leadership over the whole process of people’s democracy, we should give full play to the party’s leading core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, and ensure that the ideas, principles and policies of people’s democracy in the whole process are implemented in all aspects of national political life and social life; Adhere to the people as the center, follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, keep close contact with the people, and promote the continuous enrichment of the connotation, widening of channels and continuous improvement of efficiency of the people as masters of the country; Adhere to inner-party democracy, implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and promote and promote the development of people’s democracy in the whole process; Adhere to the rule of law, rule the country according to law, lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support the judiciary, take the lead in obeying the law, and ensure the effective implementation of the party’s policies and the people to be masters of the country through the rule of law.

　　 　Adhere to system integration. The "Decision" requires "enhancing the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "People’s democracy in the whole process of our country has realized the unity of process democracy and achievement democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people’s democracy and national will, which is a full-chain, all-round and full-coverage democracy and the most extensive, authentic and effective socialist democracy." The "four unifications", "three integrals" and "three maxims" are closely related and deeply coupled, which fully demonstrates the systematicness of people’s democracy in the whole process from the aspects of institutional arrangement, democratic practice and measurement scale. We should firmly grasp the scientific method of "adhering to the concept of system", adhere to system integration and strengthen top-level design. In terms of institutional arrangements, a comprehensive, extensive and organically connected system of people being the masters of the country will be formed, and diverse, smooth and orderly democratic channels will be built; In democratic practice, we should combine electoral democracy with deliberative democracy, and connect democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision; On the yardstick of measurement, the people enjoy extensive rights, the people’s democratic participation is constantly expanding, the state governance is efficient, the society is harmonious and stable, and the use of power is effectively restricted and supervised, so that the people can enjoy extensive, full, true, concrete and effective democracy. Anyway,Promote the people’s democratic construction in the whole process with systematic and integrated reform, give play to institutional advantages, and show institutional self-confidence.

　　 　Adhere to integrity and innovation. The "Decision" puts forward the major principles of "six persistences" to further comprehensively deepen reform, one of which is "persisting in integrity and innovation". In the whole process of people’s democracy, we must adhere to the principle of upholding integrity and innovation. First of all, we must adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s steadfastness, keep the integrity of the road, theory, system and culture of people’s democracy in the whole process, and unswervingly follow the path of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. On this basis, keep up with the pace of the times, conform to the development of practice, highlight the problem orientation, and promote innovation in all aspects at a new starting point. Promote theoretical innovation, develop Marxist thoughts on people’s democracy with a more positive historical responsibility and creative spirit, and form a theory that people love, agree with and own; Promote practical innovation, enrich democratic forms at all levels in the fiery grassroots life, and explore and create democratic practices full of "fireworks"; Promote system innovation, take system construction as the main line, break the system simultaneously, break it first, build a fundamental political system, improve the basic political system, and innovate important political systems; Promote cultural innovation, widely publicize the essence and essence of people’s democracy in the whole process, vigorously carry forward the excellent political culture of the Chinese nation, such as serving the public, being inclusive, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and actively cultivate a deliberative democratic culture, so that democratic concepts can be deeply integrated into people’s daily work and production life, and the tree of democracy can take root.

　　3 comprehensively consolidate the social conditions of people’s democracy in the whole process

　　 　A solid material foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the political system of a country depends on its economic and social foundation". We should focus on adhering to and improving the basic economic system and building a high-level socialist market economic system, focusing on the reform of relevant systems and mechanisms proposed in the Decision, promoting the adaptation of production relations to productivity and superstructure to the economic base, promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development, and making the economic base and material guarantee of people’s democracy in the whole process more solid. "Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve." To consolidate the material foundation of people’s democracy in the whole process, we must pay close attention to the interests of the people. Grasping the pain points and difficulties in the fields of people’s livelihood, such as medical care, education, environment, old-age care, social security and grass-roots governance, we will solve the urgent and anxious people’s livelihood problems in a democratic way through innovative systems such as representative houses, representative liaison stations and grass-roots legislative contact points, innovative ways such as proposals, meetings, discussions, demonstrations, hearings, evaluations and consultations, and innovative means such as 5G and the Internet.

　　 　Improve the system guarantee. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Both history and reality show that a stable system leads to a stable country, and a strong system leads to a strong country." We should attach great importance to the important role of the system, implement the important deployment of the "Decision" on the whole process of people’s democracy-related system construction, and provide systematic and holistic system and rule of law guarantee for it. On the one hand, improve the people’s democratic system in the whole process. Focusing on strengthening the construction of the system of people being masters of the country, improving the mechanism of deliberative democracy, improving the grass-roots democratic system and improving the work pattern of the great United front, we will promote the more sound system of people being masters of the country and the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of deliberative democracy, and further improve the institutionalized, standardized and procedural level of people’s democracy in the whole process. On the other hand, improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Democracy" is essentially related to "rule of law", which is an important symbol of human political civilization. We should focus on deepening the reform in the legislative field, deepening administration according to law, improving the judicial system and mechanism of fair law enforcement, improving the mechanism of promoting the construction of a society ruled by law, and strengthening the construction of foreign-related rule of law, and promote the reform in all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding, carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, promote the improvement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s rule of law system, reach a higher level in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and firmly promote the high-quality development of people’s democracy in the whole process on the rule of law.

　　 　Gather spiritual strength. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people". To fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people, its essence is to give full play to the spiritual strength of China people, and its core is to implement the "respect for the people’s dominant position and initiative" proposed in the Decision. This is determined by the nature and fundamental purpose of our party, which answers the historical materialism foundation, fundamental purpose and success "password" of people’s democracy in the whole process of development. Respect for people’s dominant position and initiative should be based on people’s grassroots democratic practices from "small courtyard chamber" to "bench democracy", from offline "round table meeting" to online "deliberation group", respect for people’s pioneers in pursuing democracy, developing democracy and realizing democracy expressed in grassroots democratic practices, respect for people’s new experience in the whole process of people’s democracy creation, and respect for people’s wishes as subjects of people’s democratic practice, interests and cognition in the whole process. Deeply understand and give full play to the key role of the people, enhance democratic awareness, enhance democratic ability, develop democratic habits, and participate in the most extensive and vivid democratic practice. On this basis, the party’s ideas, the will of the state and the will of the people will be closely integrated, and the good experiences and good practices of grassroots democratic practice will be upgraded to regular understanding.Turn it into the principles and policies of the party and the state, and further guide and promote the great practice of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　 　(Author: Wang Weiguo, executive dean and professor of Marxism College of China Academy of Social Sciences, special researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of New Era, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences)

CCTV News:January 28th is the third day of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 and the first Sunday after Spring Festival travel rush. Looking at the data in Spring Festival travel rush, next, let’s feel the travel fever all over the country through groups of data.　

First, let’s look at the situation on January 27th. About 12.2 million passengers chose to take the train on the first Saturday after Spring Festival travel rush in 2024.

In the first three days of Spring Festival travel rush, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Wuhan Xi ‘an ranked among the top five destinations.

According to the ticket sales data of 12306, in the first three days of Spring Festival travel rush, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Wuhan and Xi ‘an have been ranked among the top five destinations. Compared with the first day in Spring Festival travel rush, the number of arrivals in these five cities increased by 30% on January 28th, with the largest increase in Beijing and Shanghai, with the number of people increasing by 50%.　

Spring Festival travel rush in the Yangtze River Delta is busier today.

From the perspective of regional mobility, compared with the first day in Spring Festival travel rush, the number of passengers in Tianjin-Beijing, Hangzhou-Shanghai, Suzhou-Shanghai and Nanjing-Shanghai increased on January 28th.

Spring Festival travel rush in the Yangtze River Delta is busier. On January 28th, four of the top five busy routes were located in the Yangtze River Delta.

Harbin, Chongqing and Guiyang have become popular alternate ticket destinations.

According to the waiting ticket situation of 12306 data platform, Harbin has become the most popular waiting ticket destination at present. Harbin not only attracts southerners, but also Tianjin, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenyang have the highest number of waiting tickets to Harbin. In addition, Chongqing and Guiyang are also popular alternate ticket destinations, and tickets from Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan to Chongqing and Guiyang are also very popular.

Here, we remind you once again that when choosing the standby ticket, increase the number of trains and accept the new trains, and the standby success rate will be higher.

It is estimated that the average mileage of driving across cities in China is about 145 kilometers.

Let’s look at the situation of self-driving travel. According to the forecast data of Gaode map, it is estimated that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the average mileage of driving across the city will be about 145 kilometers, up by about 15% compared with the same period in 2019.

The Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta Chengdu-Chongqing area have a high degree of high-speed congestion.

Judging from the congestion mileage, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions have a higher degree of high-speed congestion, followed by Chengdu-Chongqing region. The congestion mileage in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively low, and the high-speed congestion mileage in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region is about three times that in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Guangzhou has the largest number of self-driving vehicles.

So, where do these self-driving cars leave and where will they go? According to the forecast of Baidu map, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Chengdu, Beijing and Shanghai rank in the top, and Guangzhou ranks far ahead, about twice as much as the second Shenzhen.

Fuyang, Maoming, Shangqiu, Zhoukou, Bozhou and Shangrao have the highest number of net inflow vehicles and become popular destinations for self-driving.

The number of civil aviation passengers will reach a new high, and many airlines will increase their capacity.

According to the forecast, during Spring Festival travel rush this year, the number of passengers transported by civil aviation will reach 80 million, a record high. In order to meet the travel needs of passengers, many airlines have increased their capacity by adding encrypted routes and "small to large" models.

Air China plans to arrange 67,691 flights during its stay in Spring Festival travel rush, with an average of 1,693 flights per day, focusing on visiting relatives and returning home and increasing flights on tourist routes.

In addition, China Eastern Airlines plans to carry out 3,280 passenger flights every day during Spring Festival travel rush, up 42% year-on-year, and replace wide-body aircraft on Hongqiao and Pudong routes to Changchun, Shenyang and Harbin, as well as Haikou and Sanya routes. All its four C919 domestic large aircraft will also fly on the Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Chengdu routes.

China Southern Airlines plans to carry out more than 113,000 flights. In addition to the traditional Guangzhou-Shenzhen return routes to Central China, Southwest China and East China, the hot routes also open new routes to Guangzhou, Beijing Daxing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Wuhan to Changbai Mountain and Ningbo to Harbin to meet the hot demand for ice and snow travel this year. About 800 overtime flights are arranged on the "ice and snow route".

Guangxi Nanning Airport strengthens convenience service to ensure passengers’ smooth travel.

On the one hand, airlines increase capacity investment to meet the needs of passengers. On the other hand, airports around the country are also ready to meet the large passenger flow, and various service measures are introduced to make passengers "walk well". During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, in order to facilitate the vast number of passengers, Guangxi Nanning Wuxu International Airport launched a series of warm-hearted and convenient services to ensure the smooth travel of passengers.

According to the forecast, the first travel peak of Nanning Airport is expected to appear on February 7 and 8, and the return peak is expected to be on the sixth, seventh and sixteenth day of the first month. In order to ensure the smooth travel of passengers, Nanning Airport has launched a series of convenience service measures.

Li Zhihui, Deputy Manager of Passenger Transport Section of Nanning Airport Ground Service Department:For passengers who transfer at Nanning Airport, we also provide hands-free service for cross-airline luggage from domestic to domestic and from domestic to international. At the same time, we can enjoy free accommodation, free light meals, free airport buses, and make an appointment for a sharp turn for qualified transit passengers at Nanning Airport.

In areas such as check-in, security check-in, boarding gate, etc., Nanning Airport is equipped with priority passages. Nanning Airport will also provide corresponding assistance for passengers who are on the first flight, have communication difficulties, children and the elderly, and arrive late.

Henan: During Spring Festival travel rush, it is estimated that over 640 million people will travel to a new high.

Next, let’s take a concrete look at the situation in Spring Festival travel rush, Henan Province. During Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the number of tourists in Henan Province is expected to exceed 640 million, a record high. All local departments have made concerted efforts in the fields of travel service, traffic guarantee, people’s livelihood guarantee and supply, and continuously improved transportation capacity and optimized service quality to ensure smooth travel in Spring Festival travel rush to the maximum extent.

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush will be the first Spring Festival travel rush after the completion of the Mi-shaped high-speed railway in Henan. In view of the strong travel demand of Spring Festival travel rush passengers, Zhengzhou Station has added 140 trains to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi ‘an and Chengdu at night. At the same time, in order to facilitate passengers in the province, 52 trains will be added from the province to Nanyang, Zhoukou, Puyang and Luoyang to meet the travel needs of passengers to the greatest extent.

At the same time, in order to ensure the traffic in Spring Festival travel rush, more than 2,600 buses have been prepared at Zhengzhou bus stations, and 58 customized lines have been opened from Zhengzhou to Henan.

In terms of aviation, during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in Zhengzhou Airport, there were 566 daily passenger flights and 78,000 daily passengers. At present, the airlines have encrypted flights for return flights and popular tourist routes, mainly focusing on the return hot routes from Zhengzhou to Guangzhou, Chengdu and Urumqi, as well as the tourist hot routes from Zhengzhou to Haikou, Dalian, Hainan and Bangkok.