The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

In fact, "family of origin Determinism" caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those who are angry with their parents, dissatisfied with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin Determinism".

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The rampant family of origin determinism reinforced the stereotype of the class.

Zongcheng

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How did the concept of "family of origin" catch on?

▲ In Sina Weibo, netizens ridiculed Su Daqiang, the role of the TV series "Everything is Fine".

The popularity of "Everything’s Fine" has set off a discussion about "Family of origin". From Fan Shengmei and Andy in Ode to Joy to Su Mingyu and Su Mingcheng in Everything is Fine, the drama about family in recent years always leads to "family of origin determinism", and the view that family decides character and even fate is deeply imprinted on the characters, which has also become a gimmick that the media is keen on. As a result, "family of origin determinism" is rampant, and it has become a craze to punish parents. It seems that all the problems in the world can be attributed to the family.

At the same time, people pay more and more attention to each other’s origin in interpersonal communication, and even adopt the method of backward thinking. According to a person’s established personality, taste and even values, people blame their families for these things. For example, in a common deduction, many commentators will blame a person’s inferiority, violence and vulgarity on his bottom family and sum up the fate of others with very simple logic.

Family is important, but can it really determine a person’s everything? Especially in this environment that advocates "parents are evil", exaggerating the shortcomings of the family can really let us know the truth of life?

When "family of origin determinism" overflows, the complicated life evolution is replaced by simple linear thinking, and our conclusion is not the truth, but the stereotype of the class is reinforced.

As early as the 19th century, "family of origin determinism" appeared in novels. At that time, there were no computers and televisions in the world, and novels were citizens’ favorite pastimes. In order to cater to the market, novelists liked to write novels related to class collision.For example, Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, Hardy’s Tess of the D ‘Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, etc., children from rural areas are often simple, pure and full of determination to struggle, while those from noble families are lazy, weak and even morally corrupt. Novelists didn’t put forward the concept of "family of origin" directly, but they advocated "birth determines character" and "character is fate". In order to take care of readers’ reading experience and create a strong conflict, these novels all have obvious binary opposition, such as the opposition between the bottom and nobles, the opposition between poor boys and rich girls, the opposition between good and evil, and the opposition between rural areas and cities, which are the sources of modern urban drama.

In modern times, the concept of "family of origin" was put forward by American psychiatrist Murray Bowen in the 1960s.It originally refers to a person’s family before adulthood, and it was not until the beginning of this century that the word became popular in China. With the establishment of Douban’s "Parents Are Evil" group and the popularity of the book "Giant Baby Country", "family of origin" has become a hot word on the Internet.

Wu Zhihong used a lot of methods to analyze the family in The Kingdom of Giant Babies, and took the family as the decisive factor. As a veteran of psychological marketing, he knew well the propagation law of popular media, so he used the words of "Giant Babies", "Chinese Family", "Mutual Harmful Society" and "Chinese Good Man" in the book. This book is not new, but it knows the market very well.

The popularity of "family of origin" is not only promoted by books and TV series, but also due to deeper historical background.China is a country with a deep parental culture. From patriarchal clan system to firstborn inheritance system, the political logic in ancient China is closely related to the family, and local governance is also inseparable from the wealthy families led by local gentry. Chinese relies on large and small families and relatives to build a huge human society, and the family structure with patriarchy as the core affects the growth of children. In modern times, especially under the background of the market economy dominated by neoliberalism, the contradiction between classical families and contemporary youth has become more and more serious. The eastward spread of affirmative thoughts has impacted the patriarchal center, while the liberal thoughts have made young people hate the bondage of family more and more.

With the loosening of family-oriented concept, family of origin’s problems have been put on the table, and they are getting more and more prosperous under the agitation of class anxiety. Behind this wave of family of origin’s discussion is not only the value division of two generations, but also the children’s worries about their identity and status.

The discussion of "family of origin" on the Internet focuses on denouncing parents. Take the discussion between Ode to Joy and Everything is Fine as an example: In Ode to Joy, Fan Shengmei’s mother is like a burden. In Everything’s Fine, Su Daqiang, the father of Su family, is also tiring. Borrowing money, borrowing money or borrowing money, cheat people, cheat people or cheat people, the audience resonated in the experience of Fan Shengmei and Su Mingyu, but they were full of helplessness and boredom with Fan Mu and Su Daqiang.

In July, 2018, Beijing Times Chinese Bookstore also published a book called family of origin, with the subtitle "How to Repair Your Personality Defects". The original name of this book was "Toxic Parents" (both parents are toxic), and the author Susan Forward described many incompetent parents, such as manipulative parents, alcoholic parents, physically abusive parents, verbally abusive parents and sexually abusive parents.

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"family of origin determinism" in film and television dramas, parents who are typed.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

"Everything is OK" and "Ode to Joy" have changed the parents’ perspective of educational dramas in the past, and faced up to their parents’ shortcomings. Together with the "Parents are evil" group, they both provided the view that "parents can be criticized or even denied", which is their unique feature in China’s film and television dramas which are full of family-orientation. However, in order to cater to the market, they filled too many stereotypes in character design, and followed the typical melodrama mode in dramatic conflicts, which stimulated the audience’s cool points, but made people logistics in types.

Everything is fine is a good play, but in some places, it pursues dramatic conflict too much, which dilutes the sense of reality.For example, Su Daqiang, played by Dahong Ni, is an old man who has been suppressed by his wife for many years. He loves calculating and secretly caring for others. He has some common habits of his parents. However, with the development of the plot, the contradiction induced by Dahong Ni gradually became a contradiction for the sake of contradiction. In the part involving him, the screenwriter pushed what he did to the extreme surface. In the end, he was like a laundry list, and the shortcomings of his parents were filled in. It seemed to make people itch. If you think about it carefully, it was still too dramatic.

Su Daqiang’s role, played by Dahong Ni, is no problem, mainly the character design of the script. The screenwriter wants to highlight family of origin’s problems so much that he wants to use Su Daqiang as the trigger point of drama contradiction, so that he pushes too hard.

There are similarities at the beginning. Xiao Mingyu complained that her mother was partial. Her mother said bluntly, we will not invest in you because you are a girl. Here, the screenwriter wants to highlight the son preference of the Su family and arouse the audience’s resonance, but such a straightforward approach is rough and different from the experience of most Chinese people. Chinese likes to hide his words, saying good things to his face and bad things to his face. The so-called secret tricks, but most of them don’t say it very bluntly like Su Mu in the play. Not to mention that because of the preference for boys in her bones, when her daughter runs away from home, her mother completely ignores her.

Film and television dramas need to be dramatized, but if conflicts are imposed to cater to the audience’s cool points and pain points, not only will the proper limit of drama be lost, but also the characters will be exposed to the risk of facial makeup.Nowadays, "hot thinking" is popular in film and television dramas. It is said that writers should actively discuss what ideas have hot potential when they hold a scriptwriting meeting. In order to respond to the market, they will rub hot spots in the script and even exaggerate everything in order to arouse the audience’s emotions. Over time, writing a script is like writing a WeChat official account push, racking their brains to cater to hot spots and output opinions. However, film and television dramas are not public articles after all, and if conflicts are imposed for too long, the audience will be tired.

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"family of origin determinism" can’t stand scrutiny.

▲ TV series "Everything is fine" stills

No matter "family of origin’s determinism" or "family decides personality", there is no strict logic in the argument. Psychologists such as Wu Zhihong only listed a series of cases in which families affected their children, supplemented by big words in new bottles and old wine, to illustrate their views. However, his argumentation process only explained the influence relationship between the two (family-children), and could not be pushed to one side to decide the other.

In fact, "family of origin determinism" has long been refuted in the research of psychologists Neiderhiser, Vukasovi?, Bratko and Briley. They found with rigorous experiments and data.: "About 40% of our personality comes from congenital genetic factors, 60% comes from the influence of non-shared environment, and is hardly influenced by shared environment."

"Behavioral Genetics" edited by Robert Plomin also pointed outThe main characteristics we have (such as intelligence, emotion, personality and health) are either most influenced by nature or most influenced by non-shared environment, but often little influenced by shared environment.(Quoted from "family of origin is not the root of all kinds of psychological problems") family of origin, which the audience is keen to talk about, is part of the shared environment.

Coincidentally, Judith Harris, the author of The Myth of Education, also stressed thatThe proportion of direct influence of family education on children’s adult personality is less than 10%.

The argument of "family of origin determinism" is not sufficient. Why can it be popular in public opinion? Because it caters to the long-suppressed negative emotions of the public, especially those anger towards parents, dissatisfaction with their own environment, and class-based stereotypes among different groups, which can be expressed from "family of origin determinism".

These stereotypes are not only aimed at the bottom, but also pervade all classes. The poor families will have parents’ discord and domestic violence, and the rich family of origin will also have divorced, husband and wife’s discord and indifferent children. However, in the discourse of "family of origin determinism", different families are smeared with heavy stereotypes, as if the poor must be uneducated and vulgar, and the rich must be intoxicated and arrogant and superior, which is derived from it.These superficial binary opposition views, originally just narrative strategies of popular novels, are now widely used in point of view preaching. Instead of solving practical problems, they intensify people’s hatred of the other and deepen stereotypes, but after the noise, nothing really valuable is left.

　

Barefoot doctor: the political embodiment of village doctors

　

Our reporter/Li Mingzi

　

Published in China Newsweek, No.1019, November 8, 2021.

　

After practicing medicine in the countryside for 54 years, Ma Wenfang is still used to being called "barefoot doctor" by villagers, although this title has been officially cancelled since 1985.

　

The term "barefoot doctor" first appeared in the people’s commune period of the last century. In the summer of 1968, Red Flag, sponsored by The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC), published a survey report on the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of barefoot doctors in Shanghai. At the beginning of the article, I wrote, "Barefoot doctor" is an affectionate name for poor middle peasants in the suburbs of Shanghai who are semi-medical and semi-agricultural health workers. "

　

This article was published in People’s Daily on September 14th of the same year on the instruction of Mao Zedong, and "barefoot doctor" soon became a hot topic of public opinion at that time. Barefoot doctors everywhere have naturally become "typical" reported by the media-"Cowboy in the old society" studies medicine hard and treats incurable diseases for poor and middle peasants by virtue of "a red heart for great leaders". The image of barefoot doctors was painted in posters, comic books and even printed on stamps, food stamps and calendars, which became a vivid symbol of that era.

　

For Ma Wenfang, a village doctor in Suliuzhuang Village, Dagangli Township, Tongxu County, Henan Province, despite the aura of this group in a special era, barefoot doctors’ greatest contribution is to provide farmers with the most basic health protection. At that time, barefoot doctors walked in the fields with straw hats on their heads and medicine boxes on their backs to prevent and treat diseases for farmers who lacked medical care. When malaria was prevalent, it was also these barefoot doctors who went door-to-door to ask for advice, "delivering medicine to the hands, seeing the mouth, not swallowing and not walking", and finally eliminated malaria.

　

In its annual report from 1980 to 1981, the United Nations Children’s Fund concluded that China’s "barefoot doctor" model provided primary care for backward rural areas and provided a model for underdeveloped countries to improve their medical and health standards.

　

After the 1980s, the people’s commune system collapsed, and the barefoot doctor system established on this basis also disappeared. The book From Barefoot Doctors to Rural Doctors records that although the forms of medical services in rural areas have changed since then, the main staff of rural doctors are still barefoot doctors. Many of them have been working until today in the 21st century.

　

The birth of rural political stars

　

"In the 1950s and 1960s, there were no doctors in our village." Ma Wenfang recalled to China News Weekly that at that time, large-scale communes had hospitals, while small-scale communes didn’t even have clinics, and some small communes might have old Chinese medicine practitioners. At that time, ordinary people generally had no money to buy medicine. If farmers had a fever or a cold, they would eat a handful of millet, drink a bowl of hot water, go home to bed and sweat. If you are seriously ill, you can’t afford to go to the hospital in the city, so you can only go home and die.

　

Lack of doctors and medicines was a common situation at that time, and in rural areas with poor economic conditions, doctors and medicines were even more scarce. According to statistics, in 1964, 69% of senior health technicians were in cities and 31% in rural areas, of which only 10% were below the county level. At that time, the population distribution was just the opposite. The urban population only accounted for 1/10, and over 90% of the population lived in rural areas.

　

Ma Wenfang’s mother died of typhoid fever in the 1960s at the age of 32. Five days after his mother died, his 8-year-old brother contracted cold again. The child is skinny, because there is no doctor and no medicine, and he will be unconscious after a few days of illness. Nearby villagers donated 169 life-saving money for 1 cent and 2 cents, and then took Ma Wenfang’s brother to Kaifeng People’s Hospital for treatment. Five days later, he died.

　

"In less than two months, my family lost two lives. At that time, I knelt at the grave and swore that I would be a doctor, treat my fellow villagers and repay my kindness. " Ma Wenfang recalled.

　

At that time, the new rural health care system was being explored. In August 1950, the first national health conference was held. In view of rural health care, the idea of "setting up health centers in counties, health centers in districts, health committees in administrative villages and health workers in natural villages" was put forward. While strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots health institutions, medical personnel are also organized to go to the countryside to support rural grass-roots units.

　

In January, 1965, Mao Zedong approved the Report of the Party Group of the Ministry of Health to the Central Committee on Organizing Mobile Medical Teams to Go to Rural Areas. Taking this directive as a major political task, all localities quickly organized medical teams to go to rural areas, forest areas and pastoral areas to conduct roving medical treatment. Huang Jiasi, an expert in thoracic surgery, Zhou Huakang, an expert in pediatrics, and Lin Qiaozhi, an expert in gynecology, have all participated in itinerant medical treatment.

　

In this regard, Yang Nianqun, a professor at the Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China, pointed out in his article "Epidemic Prevention Behavior and Spatial Politics" that for a long time after liberation, medical personnel only visited the countryside irregularly in the form of ambulance teams, and it was impossible to form a relatively institutionalized network of diagnosis, treatment and epidemic prevention in the vast rural areas.

　

On June 26, 1965, Mao Zedong said after listening to the work report of the Ministry of Health: "The work of the Ministry of Health only serves 15% of the national population, and the 15% is mainly the old man. The vast number of farmers have no medical treatment, no medical treatment and no medicine. The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people, but the Ministry of Health of the city or the Ministry of Health of the city, or the Ministry of Health of the city! " Mao Zedong instructed: "The focus of medical and health work should be placed in the countryside!" "Cultivate a large number of doctors who can afford it in rural areas, and they will serve farmers."

　

This passage was later called "June 26 instruction". On September 1 of the same year, People’s Daily published an editorial entitled "Putting the focus of medical and health work in rural areas" on the front page. The word "barefoot doctor" was not mentioned at that time.

　

Shanghai took the lead in piloting. In the summer of 1965, Jiangzhen Commune, Chuansha County, Shanghai began to run a training course. Huang Yuxiang, who graduated from Suzhou Medical College, served as a teacher, teaching medical common sense and simple treatment methods. After studying in a crash course for 4 months, the students returned to the commune as health workers. Wang Guizhen, who was later called "the first barefoot doctor in China", was one of the first students in this training class.

　

Wang and Huang used the method of "combining local culture with foreign culture" to save money for local villagers to see a doctor, and they also had to farm in the fields every day. The name "barefoot doctor" became popular among villagers unconsciously. In 1968, Shanghai Wen Wei Po published a report on Wang and Huang-Looking at the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of "barefoot doctors". This article was subsequently reprinted in full by Red Flag magazine and People’s Daily.

　

Due to the urgent demand for medical resources in rural areas and the political background of the personal instructions of the top leaders in special periods, the "barefoot doctor" system has been rapidly popularized throughout the country. According to the Report of the Ministry of Health on the National Working Conference of Barefoot Doctors at that time, by the end of 1975, the number of "barefoot doctors" in rural areas of China had reached more than 1.5 million, and there were more than 3.9 million health workers and midwives in production teams.

　

"Class composition" and "ideological consciousness" are the primary criteria for selecting barefoot doctors. An article by Xinhua News Agency published in the fifth edition of People’s Daily on June 23, 1969: "Students are recommended by poor lower-middle peasants and approved by the commune revolutionary committee, and the children of poor lower-middle peasants with good composition, high ideological awareness, active labor and certain culture are sent to training classes for study; The living expenses of the students are borne by the brigade. After graduation, they will return to the team to treat the poor and middle peasants. "

　

In 1967, Ma Wenfang, who had finished junior high school, was elected as a "barefoot doctor" by the brigade to study in the commune training class for one year. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, at that time, it was necessary to learn anatomy, physiology and diagnostics of western medicine, but also to recite Chinese herbal medicines and learn acupuncture. Students did not have textbooks, only one-page materials printed by mimeograph.

　

Being a barefoot doctor is easier to earn more work points than ordinary villagers. According to Ma Wenfang’s memory, there was no salary during the people’s commune period, and they all earned work points. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, according to the content and quantity of labor, each person can earn at most 10 points per day and at least five or six points, while being a barefoot doctor can be regarded as "full attendance", with 280 points per month, and receiving food from the production team at the end of the month.

　

At that time, cooperative medical care was adopted in rural areas, and the primary medical expenses were co-ordinated by the production brigade. In Ma Wenfang’s brigade, each person pays 10 cents a month, and the rest is the responsibility of the brigade. Thanks to the support of the collective economy, farmers can enjoy the most basic medical care requirements at very little cost. The article "Analysis of the reasons for the success of rural medical cooperation in the period of people’s commune" points out that "the existence of people’s commune system ensures the low-cost operation of rural cooperative medical system. Under the rural cooperative medical system, the rural health website consisting of village health stations, commune health centers and county hospitals covers almost all villages in the country. "

　

Yang Nianqun pointed out that it was not until the establishment of the barefoot doctor system that the instructions of the upper medical administration, such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of anti-epidemic drugs, were really implemented, and the orders were banned, which was rapid and abnormal.

　

Writer Zhu Yong noticed a very interesting phenomenon. In all contemporary art works, barefoot doctors almost invariably appear as girls. In his book The Fate of Diseases in Revolution: The Saints’ Description of Barefoot Doctors, he wrote that in reality, an old image of Chinese medicine will give patients a sense of trust, but the art is different. The painter subconsciously endowed barefoot doctors with "the function of a goddess in European classical painting", and the barefoot doctors’ interpretation of life in the image of girls came not only from their careers, but also from their bodies themselves.

　

Barefoot doctors became the political stars of that era, not only had the opportunity to participate in the National Day parade, but also became the protagonists in political propaganda films. Wang Guizhen, a barefoot doctor, is the prototype of the leading role in the film "Spring Seedling". In addition to the real medical experience, Tian Chunmiao, the leading role of the film, is also given a "political task". Tian Chunmiao is different from the "doctor in the system" who only cares about cutting-edge topics, regardless of the life and death of poor and middle peasants. She not only cares about the proletariat, but also has a first-class medical service, which cured the waist and leg disease of poor peasant Shui Changbo, thus allowing Shui Changbo to successfully join the struggle with the director of the hospital.

　

Limited medical security

　

"Due to the limited professional medical level of barefoot doctors, the medical problems they can actually solve are limited. It can only be said that under the conditions at that time, barefoot doctors provided a kind of help to the grassroots." Zhang Daqing, director of the Department of Medical History and Philosophy in peking university health science center, analyzed China Newsweek.

　

Ma Wenfang also said that barefoot doctors mainly deal with common diseases such as headache, brain fever and tracheitis. If they encounter diseases that require surgery such as acute appendicitis, they need to be transferred to a higher level hospital as soon as possible. The daily work is to carry a medicine chest to work in the fields, which contains acupuncture needles, common medicines and the "old three", namely stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and thermometer. In summer, when someone gets sunstroke while working in the field, Ma Wenfang immediately goes over to relieve the heat. If someone bumps and scratches, he will go over to disinfect and bandage; When pesticides are used in cotton fields, people are often poisoned by inhaling pesticides. Later, people often commit suicide by drinking pesticides, so barefoot doctors should go to first aid.

　

The book Creation and Reconstruction —— Research on Rural Cooperative Medical System and Barefoot Doctors in Collectivization Period concludes that by the mid-1960s, due to continuous study, practice and training, health care workers (later barefoot doctors) had mastered the treatment of dozens of common diseases, the use of dozens of drugs, acupuncture and simple Chinese herbal medicine knowledge.

　

At that time, drugs were still in short supply and the price was high. Farmers only spend two cents to buy two aspirin when they have a bad cold. If they can’t cure it, they will add a penicillin. Ma Wenfang remembers very clearly that the purchase price of a penicillin is 15.8 cents and the selling price is 18 cents, which is the same price in the whole country.

　

"At that time, everyone earned work points, and everyone did not have the concept of making money." Ma Wenfang explained that the medicine was bought by the Murakami Brigade with money, and the income went to the public. At that time, it was a planned economy, and there was no need to buy more precious antibiotics like penicillin. Each brigade in each village received up to 10 antibiotics per month.

　

Zhang Daqing believes that barefoot doctors have played a positive role in the modernization and popularization of drugs in rural areas. As for the "barefoot doctors aggravated the abuse of antibiotics" mentioned in some studies, Zhang Daqing thought it was a kind of "hindsight". Antibiotics could relieve patients’ pain relatively quickly at that time, but the drug use standard was not popular at that time, so it was not appropriate to delve into it.

　

Under the conditions at that time, few farmers could afford western medicine, and most villagers still relied on "three soil and four self-reliance" to see a doctor, that is, native medicine, earthwork, native medicine, self-collected, self-planted, self-made and self-used Chinese herbal medicines. Ma Wenfang also specially bought a medicine mill to grind herbs into powder, or add water to make pills.

　

According to the report of People’s Daily on February 14th, 1969 on Li Rongyu, a barefoot doctor in Gaowang Brigade of Qibao Commune in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, Li Rongyu’s Qibao Commune is located in the Pearl River Delta, and there are no mountains nearby, and the commune does not grow Chinese herbal medicines, so he went to the mountainous area dozens of miles away to collect herbs.

　

Zhang Kaining, director of the Health Research Institute of Kunming Medical College, believes that the widespread use of Chinese herbal medicines by barefoot doctors in those years consolidated the rural cooperative medical system. Chinese herbal medicine is easy to obtain, economical and cheap, and has a tradition and habit of using it in rural areas. The use of Chinese herbal medicine not only reduces the economic burden of farmers, but also greatly reduces the expenditure of cooperative medical fund.

　

"At that time, I was courageous, but now I can’t do it. First, the patient refused to eat (the earthwork), and another, it was illegal for doctors to do so." Ma Wenfang recalled that the appearance of barefoot doctors in those years changed the dilemma of lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas. Otherwise, people were ill and had to go home to die, so there were almost no cases of patients bothering doctors or suing doctors at that time, which was also the patient’s trust that barefoot doctors "came in the wind and went in the rain".

　

At that time, the dirt roads in the countryside were rugged and there were no bicycles. Going to the villagers’ homes to see doctors depended on walking. Once Ma Wenfang went out to see someone else, just in time for his wife to give birth at home. When he came back a moment later, his wife and children were gone. Since I think about it, Ma Wenfang still feels very guilty about his family.

　

"Barefoot doctors have a very distinctive class identity. In the screening process, they can only come from the class that is divided into’ poor and middle peasants’ by class composition. Because of his poor background, barefoot doctors are full of moral salvation, with strong love and hate and emotional tendency. Such a feeling also determines the choice of medical objects, which can only be people consistent with their class attributes. Their class attribute also determines that they will have a’ selfless’ character in the treatment process. " Yang Nianqun summed up in "Rebuilding the Patient —— Space Politics under the Conflict between Chinese and Western Medicine".

　

It is precisely because of the class identity of "poor and middle peasants" that barefoot doctors perfectly meet the requirements of "doctors that farmers can afford, use and stay". However, barefoot doctors are different from the image of village doctors or "witch doctors" in the past, and they are positioned and arranged in an institutionalized political atmosphere. Yang Nianqun believes that "under the dual discipline of institutional arrangement and human network, barefoot doctors will naturally strengthen their moral constraints."

　

In 1960s, malaria was prevalent in rural areas, but the villagers generally lacked common sense of epidemic prevention. Ma Wenfang can only send medicines from house to house for consultation and publicize malaria prevention knowledge. When people are not at home, they go to the fields to look for them. More than 360 households in the village run once a day for 7 days in a row. At that time, some villagers felt that they were in good health and were unwilling to take medicine. Barefoot doctors had to "send medicine to their hands, see the mouth, and not swallow it." After completing a course of medication, at intervals, they began to deliver medicines from house to house for two years until malaria was eliminated.

　

During the national patriotic health campaign, barefoot doctors, as the most basic executors of the health security system, also undertook the task of "two management and five reforms". Barefoot doctors should take care of water and feces, change wells, toilets, barns, stoves and the environment, and check from house to house whether they have been disinfected. As long as it is related to medical treatment, hygiene and health care, barefoot doctors have to do it, and there are endless things to do every day.

　

The article Barefoot Doctors and the Medical Pyramid published in the British Medical Journal in 1974 pointed out that as the bottom of the medical pyramid system, barefoot doctors’ semi-peasant and semi-doctor status determines that they can only provide basic and simple medical services and convey health concepts such as "washing hands before meals" to the public. They have played a great role in disease prevention, such as early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in Northeast China and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong.

　

"As a product of a specific historical period, barefoot doctors and cooperative medical system are a creation of farmers in China under the condition of lack of health resources and serious unfair distribution." Li Decheng, an associate professor of Jiangxi Normal University, once wrote an article summarizing that barefoot doctors have built the bottom layer of the three-level medical prevention and health care network in rural areas, so that measures such as vaccination, vaccination and distribution of epidemic prevention drugs implemented by higher health administrative departments can be truly implemented.

　

After the disappearance of "barefoot doctor"

　

After 1976, with the end of the political movement, the number of primary health workers, including barefoot doctors, decreased at an average annual rate of 400,000.

　

At that time, the health department began to standardize employees, control the number and quality of barefoot doctors, and eliminated a number of unqualified health personnel through examination and certification. The examination began in 1979. In 1981, the State Council approved the Report of the Ministry of Health on Reasonably Solving the Subsidy of Barefoot Doctors. It was mentioned in the document that "barefoot doctors who pass the examination and are equivalent to the technical secondary school level will be issued with a’ barefoot doctor’ certificate, and in principle they will be given treatment equivalent to the level of private teachers. For barefoot doctors who can’t reach the level of technical secondary school temporarily, it is necessary to strengthen training, and their remuneration, in addition to recording workers, should also be given appropriate subsidies according to local actual conditions. "

　

After the disintegration of the people’s commune, with the disintegration of the collective economic foundation, the rural cooperative medical system and the barefoot doctor system further lost their organizational support and economic support. By 1983, the number of barefoot doctors in China had dropped to more than 1.2 million.

　

On January 24th, 1985, Chen Minzhang, the former Minister of Health, pointed out in his speech at the National Conference of Health Directors that "the name’ barefoot doctor’ was put forward by Zhang Chunqiao and others in an article in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, and then it was widely used in various places. The meaning of this name is not exact either. Now we have decided not to use this name. In the future, anyone who has reached the level of a healer after examination is called a rural doctor; Those who fail to reach the level of healers are renamed as health workers. "

　

The next day, People’s Daily published the article "Stop using the name of" barefoot doctors "and consolidate the development of rural doctors", and the era of "barefoot doctors" ended here. Barefoot doctors retired and changed careers. Some left the public system to open clinics at home, while others contracted the original commune health centers, taking responsibility for their own profits and losses, and continued to practice medicine in the name of "barefoot doctors".

　

After the transformation, barefoot doctors have improved their professional level through retraining, further study and self-study. Coupled with the villagers’ original trust in barefoot doctors, village doctors were still very popular in the 1990s, when Ma Wenfang saw more than 150 patients a day. From "recording work points" to "self-financing", the village clinic still has a part of income. Ma Wenfang keeps enough income for his family to eat and drink, and the rest is fed back to the villagers to take medicines and give free vaccinations to children who can’t afford vaccines. In Ma Wenfang’s impression, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, rural doctors briefly experienced a "golden age".

　

　

Soon, by the mid-1990s, the eastern region developed rapidly, attracting a large number of farmers to go out to work. Village clinics have backward hardware, insufficient manpower and old doctors, which are in sharp contrast with big hospitals. With the increase of people’s income, villagers have gradually formed the consciousness of "going to big hospitals when they are sick". The survival of village doctors began to become difficult.

　

In fact, the transformation dilemma of rural primary health care system appeared after the collapse of the "barefoot doctor" system. Although the primary health workers in rural areas were still "barefoot doctors" in the past, they lost the original system guarantee and economic support and made a living in the market economy environment driven by interests. Obviously, they could no longer undertake the functions of epidemic prevention supervision of "barefoot doctors", and the rural primary health network could no longer operate effectively after entering the 1980s.

　

"The disintegration of the cooperative medical system and the transformation of the role of’ barefoot doctors’ have led to the plight of rural primary health care and the loss of basic medical security for farmers." Zhang Daqing said that in 2003, the China municipal government put forward the plan of establishing a new rural cooperative medical system and promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Rural Doctors’ Practice, so as to rebuild the rural primary health care service system. However, there are still many disharmonies between the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical services of rural doctors, and the service system that adapts to the medical consumption level and level of the new rural cooperative medical system needs to be improved.

　

"The current rural primary medical problems cannot be solved by simply restoring the original barefoot doctor system." Zhang Daqing pointed out that with the development of social economy, people’s demand for the quality of health care has also increased rapidly, and their awareness of health and financial investment in maintaining health have increased. It is understandable to pursue better medical services. The state can only guide graded diagnosis and treatment from the system design. More crucially, the system design of rural primary health service system should be clear about its functions and responsibilities.

　

After being elected as a deputy to the National People’s Congress in 2008, Ma Wenfang began to investigate the basic medical care in rural areas and the practice of village doctors. He visited more than 300 villages in 38 prefecture-level cities in 7 provinces including Henan, Shandong and Hunan, and found that the phenomenon of hollow villages is becoming more and more common, and the treatment of village doctors is low. Some villages even have no village doctors, and the level of basic health services in rural areas is worrying. "Grass-roots work needs specific people to do, and village doctors subsidize more than 1,000 pieces a month. Now in this era, who is willing to do it and who will take over in the future? What about basic medical care and public health in rural areas? " Ma Wenfang said with concern.

　　As an important schedule in China’s film market, summer movie box office accounts for about 30% of the annual box office. This year’s summer movie market has not only returned to the "Billion Era", but also set a new box office record in China’s film history in July. In particular, domestic films have sprung up all over the world, setting off a summer movie-watching craze, and achieved good results of "applauding and making a big impression".

　　It is still difficult to predict who is the biggest "dark horse" in summer, from The Octagonal Cage to The Disappeared She, and then to The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an and The First Goddess, but one thing has been decided: it is a thing of the past to win by relying on the inertia of watching movies and the path dependence, and more China filmmakers are beginning to think about what kind of movies China audiences need.

　　China film history hit a new high at the box office in July.

　　In the past July, there were 212 million people watching movies in China, and the total box office reached 8.717 billion yuan, setting a new high in the film history of China in July.

　　The "second half" of the ongoing summer file is also in full swing, and the heat exceeds expectations, welcoming both supply and demand. According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, since June 21st, the single-day market has exceeded 100 million yuan for 48 consecutive days. By 10: 00 on August 7th, 97 films had been released in the summer of 2023, with more than 363 million people watching movies and a box office of 14.736 billion.

　　One of the manifestations of ultra-high popularity is that there are many films, many kinds and more audiences. Abundant and high-quality supply meets the differentiated viewing needs of different audiences, bringing about a "double rise" in the number of films arranged and the number of people watching movies, and accelerating the recovery of the film market.

　　This summer’s films cover plot, action, animation, suspense, crime, comedy, science fiction, horror and many other types. The reporter saw in many cinemas that there were not only "student parties" enjoying the summer vacation, but also many parent-child families and "rice partners", "movie partners" and "square dance partners" of different ages, which broadened the audience this year.

　　Another manifestation of the ultra-high heat is that a number of domestic "dark horses" continue to appear, driving the proportion of multi-frequency viewing to continue to rise. In the past, the pattern of summer movies was that "one head movie led the way, and the other films were mediocre". This year, "the spire widened" and many "dark horse" films performed well. For example, domestic genre films such as The Octagonal Cage, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, The Disappeared She set new records, and many summer movies such as Feng Shen I were hotly discussed by fans.

　　In terms of release time, The Lost She was released at the end of June, The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an was released in early July, The First Part of Gods was released in late July, and several "dark horses" with unexpected performances staged a "relay race", which attracted fans to enter the cinema many times, driving the proportion of multi-frequency movies to continue to rise.

　　The industry believes that with the further recovery of creation, investment, production, distribution and projection, the film market in China has accelerated its recovery, and industry confidence has continued to rise. In 2023, the film market is expected to usher in both supply and demand, and the annual box office is expected to reach 45 billion yuan to 50 billion yuan.

　　Domestic movies are applauded and sold well.

　　This year’s summer file, domestic films have sprung up everywhere, and the box office and word-of-mouth performance are gratifying. According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of 10: 00 on August 7th, all the top five single-chip box offices were taken over by domestic films: The Lost She was 3.515 billion yuan, The octagonal cage was 2.139 billion yuan, The Goddess Part I was 1.669 billion yuan, The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an was 1.653 billion yuan and The Passion was 722 million yuan.

　　In particular, the animated film Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, which is inspired by the Tang poetry and the life stories of the poets in the Tang Dynasty, and the fantasy film Feng Shen I, which was born out of China’s classical mythological novel Feng Shen Romance, have innovated the means of expression and demonstrated the charm of Chinese traditional culture in the form of movies, thus becoming a new round of box office harvesters in summer.

　　In fact, this year’s summer file started with the release of Hollywood blockbusters. From June 1st to June 20th, imported films such as Spider-Man: The Vertical and Horizontal Universe, Speed and Passion 10, Transformers: The Rise of Super Warriors, The Flash and Crazy Element City were released one after another, and took turns to occupy the top spot in the box office. With the release of the domestic films "She Disappeared" and "In the Octagonal Cage" in late June, the situation reversed, and the "super explosion" of the summer file began to be occupied by four domestic films. In July, the beautifully-produced animated film Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an and the fantasy film Feng Shen I received rave reviews. During the collective chanting of a piece of Tang poetry and the rereading of Feng Shen Romance, the audience "moved the DNA of traditional culture".

　　This scene is also a true portrayal of the new pattern of domestic films and imported films recently. The pattern of "imported films leading, domestic films accompanying" is disappearing, replaced by domestic films breaking records and emerging.

　　"Three Major Changes" Reflect the New Trend of Domestic Films

　　The movie market is booming in summer, reflecting three changes in the domestic movie market:

　　— — Change from "traffic-driven" to "content-driven".

　　A number of film critics said that in previous years, one of the first conditions for domestic films to make a hit was the starring role of streaming stars, and the "sky-high film pay" constituted the biggest production cost, so the cost of improving the script and production quality was squeezed, and the film quality could not be guaranteed. This year’s win-win films of word-of-mouth and box office have no flow stars, but they have attracted the audience by full stories, sincere production and ups and downs.

　　— — From "single type and overlapping themes" to "multiple types and scattered themes".

　　This summer’s domestic films cover comedy, suspense, science fiction, sports, animation and many other types. At the same time, the theme has been further broadened, including animated films based on traditional culture, fictional suspense works, and fantasy films based on myths for secondary creation. Many fans said that a single type of film will cause the audience’s aesthetic fatigue. This year’s film market is characterized by multiple types and themes, significantly reduced concentration of types and low overlap of themes, attracting more audiences.

　　— — From "remake imitation" to "forming style".

　　Since the beginning of this year, images and audiences have been mutually constructed, which has promoted the remarkable progress of domestic film aesthetics. A major breakthrough in domestic films is reflected in the IP remake from the United States, Japan, South Korea and Europe to independent creation, and gradually formed its own style through exploration. The formation of the national style of domestic films is closely related to the increasing viewing preference and aesthetic improvement of the current audience.

　　Sun Jiashan, an associate researcher at the Chinese Academy of Art and a critic of the signing of the Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said that since the second decade of this century, China’s films have been at a new starting point after breaking through the threshold of 10 billion at the box office, making great strides and achieving an exponential growth rarely seen in the history of films, and after adjustment during the epidemic.

　　When the new cycle begins, the path dependence of "eating the old capital" and the lying win of "eating the scale dividend" are not effective. A new consensus is emerging: China filmmakers have gradually found their own style through groping, and started to think about and practice "What kind of movies do China audiences need". China films should further seek the means and methods based on local characteristics to meet local needs, better tell the story of China, and show the credible, lovely and respectable China.

　　This report is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on Government Information Disclosure of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and based on the 2017 annual report on government information disclosure of township people’s governments, sub-district offices (hereinafter referred to as "township governments and sub-district offices") and district government committees, offices and bureaus (hereinafter referred to as "district government departments").

　　The full text includes the implementation of the "2017 Pinggu District Government Affairs Openness Work Points"; Government information disclosure organization, system construction, channel places, education and training, etc.; Voluntarily disclosing government information, disclosing government information upon application and refusing to disclose government information; The application for administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation due to the disclosure of government information; Charges due to the disclosure of government information and their exemption; Shortcomings in government information disclosure and improvement measures.

　　The statistical period of the data listed in this report is from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The electronic version of this report can be downloaded from the website of Pinggu District People’s Government (http://www.bjpg.gov.cn/). Due to the limitation of space, if you have any questions about the report, please contact the Government Affairs Office of Pinggu District, Beijing (Address: No.7 Fuqian Street, Pinggu District, Beijing; Postal code: 101200; Tel: 010-69961264; E-mail: bjpgxxgk@126.com).

　　First, the implementation of government affairs disclosure work

　　(a) the implementation of the main points of government affairs.

　　According to the requirements of Beijing Municipal Government’s open government affairs, combined with the actual work in Pinggu District, the Key Points of Open Government Affairs in Pinggu District in 2017 were formulated, and the implementation of the Key Points of Open Government Affairs in Beijing in 2017 was promoted, so as to timely disclose the key work division plan of the municipal government’s work report, the key tasks deployed in the division plan of important livelihood projects, and the phased progress made in livelihood issues.

　　(2) Promoting the openness of government affairs in key areas.

　　In the prominent position of the government portal, our district has set up the column of "Open List of Government Affairs in Key Areas of Pinggu District", and dynamically updated the open list of government affairs at district, township and street levels. In 2017, there were 347 district-level government affairs disclosure lists and 67 township-level lists. In order to ensure the timely and effective disclosure of information related to the open list of government affairs in key areas, a working mechanism is formulated to arrange all relevant units to conduct a self-inspection every six months and submit self-inspection reports and related links.

　　In order to promote the standardization and standardization of government affairs openness, our district has further refined the list of government affairs openness in key areas, sorted out the public authority and responsibilities of district-level government departments, and formulated the list of government affairs openness in district-level departments.

　　(3) Promote the implementation of the "five openness" and expand public participation. ·

　　In strict accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Openness of Government Affairs (No.8 [2016] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China) and the Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Key Points of the Openness of Government Affairs in Beijing in 2017 (No.26 [2016] of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China), our district actively implements the openness of government decision-making, implementation and management. Establish the "Pinggu District Government Meeting Opening System", and invite deputies to the District People’s Congress, members of the District Political Consultative Conference, public information officers and representatives of the masses to attend the district government executive meeting. Establish a pre-publicity system for major decisions, collect opinions and suggestions from the masses in advance through TV stations, websites, newspapers and other channels for key work in the region in 2017, carefully sort out their opinions and demands, adjust their work plans in time, and actively improve their recognition.

　　(4) Policy interpretation.

　　In order to ensure the implementation of policy interpretation, after the promulgation of important policies and regulations, our district strictly follows the working principle of "taking interpretation as the principle and not interpreting as the exception", and sets up "policy documents" and "policy interpretation" columns on "Pinggu District People’s Government Network in Beijing" to publish and interpret all kinds of important policies and regulations in time. In 2017, 52 policies and graphic interpretations were launched for people’s livelihood projects such as education and medical care; Weibo, the government affairs of "Beijing Pinggu", the platforms of "Happy Pinggu", "Pinggu Bao Bao" and "Pinggu Mandarin" WeChat WeChat official account, etc., timely published articles on the background, purpose, significance and implementation caliber of policies and regulations, and strengthened doubts and doubts. In view of the hot issues concerned by the public, the relevant units of policy release were invited to carry out special online interview activities on the website platform. By providing information such as policy background, cases and data, the relevant policies were interpreted in a simple and easy-to-understand way by means of digitalization, diagrams, audio and video, so that the people could hear, understand and supervise, and the people’s right to know, participate and supervise was effectively guaranteed.

　　(5) Responding to social concerns.

　　In view of the diversity of Internet public opinion at present, our district adopts a combination of technical means and manual operation to monitor the network public opinion in the whole district, and submit and judge the network information that affects the social stability of our district at any time. While understanding social conditions and public opinion, we actively publish the progress of hot events and related policy interpretations through government portals, government affairs Weibo, WeChat WeChat official account and other platforms, and use online platforms to participate in online messages and comments, etc., to correct mistakes and promote the main theme, transmit positive energy, actively guide public opinion, and effectively play the role of network pressure relief valve and weather vane.

　　This year, our district clarified and positively publicized more than 40 false information and comments on the Internet, such as "2.7 million villas illegally built in Beijing Scenic Area are sold to the village secretary as a pension industry", the labor-capital contradiction between Korean enterprises in Xinggu Development Zone, and "Black tour guides in Jinhai Lake Scenic Area fraudulently bring tolls".

　　Second, the mechanism platform construction

　　(1) The organizational management system is sound.

　　First, the Pinggu District Government Affairs Publicity Leading Group and the Pinggu District Government Affairs Publicity Office were established in our district to coordinate and promote the government information and government affairs publicity work in Pinggu District, ensuring the smooth operation of the work in 2017. Second, we will continue to promote the standardization and institutionalization of government information disclosure, focus on serving the people and standardizing the administrative behavior of administrative organs, and solidly promote the work around deepening active disclosure and exploring and standardizing disclosure according to application, thus ensuring the orderly development of government information disclosure.

　　(2) The institutional guarantee system has been further improved.

　　Combined with the actual work, establish and improve the Pinggu District government office information disclosure confidentiality review and disclosure attribute review work system, Pinggu District government website safety management system, Pinggu District government website daily supervision system, and promote the government affairs disclosure work on an institutionalized and standardized track.

　　(3) Open channels have been continuously broadened.

　　First, through the Pinggu District Government Information Disclosure Inquiry Center, the District Archives and the Library Reference Center, the administrative organs in the whole region are provided with the initiative to disclose government information access services. Open a "government information disclosure column" with the function of searching and downloading in Pinggu District portal website "Beijing Pinggu District People’s Government Network" to focus on displaying government information that is voluntarily disclosed. Second, various administrative organs have set up government information consulting windows accordingly, and timely disclosed government information on key project planning and construction and hot issues of public concern. Third, the government affairs Weibo of Beijing Pinggu, the network service windows of Happiness Pinggu, Pinggu Bao Bao and Pinggu Mandarin WeChat WeChat official account have been established successively, and the government affairs Weibo, WeChat WeChat official account and other channels have been used to transmit government information, publish policy interpretations, respond to netizens’ concerns and guide online public opinion. Fourth, the intensive construction of 27 government websites in our district (1 main station and 26 sub-stations) has been completed, and unified planning and scientific design have been carried out from the website style to the column setting, and an effective website information confidentiality review system, daily supervision system and monthly inspection and notification system have been established, which has institutional and technical guarantee for standardizing the disclosure and safety of government information.

　　Third, information disclosure data

　　(a) take the initiative to disclose the situation.

　　1. A total of 39,308 pieces of government information were made public in our district through different channels and methods throughout the year, and the full-text electronic rate was 100%.

　　2. 7711 items of government information in key areas were made public throughout the year. Among them: 274 items of financial budget final accounts, "three public funds" and administrative funds were voluntarily disclosed; Take the initiative to disclose 160 pieces of information such as the construction plan of affordable housing projects, the start and completion of projects, and the distribution and withdrawal of affordable housing; Take the initiative to disclose food safety standards, food production and business license, special inspection and rectification and other information 169; Take the initiative to disclose 332 pieces of information such as environmental verification and approval, environmental status bulletin and major environmental emergencies; 62 pieces of information, such as illegal bidding activities and their handling, and projects that should be tendered according to law with state-owned funds as the holding or leading position; 391 pieces of information such as government measures, disposal progress, risk early warning and preventive measures of production safety accidents were voluntarily disclosed; Actively disclose 133 pieces of information such as approval of agricultural land conversion to construction land, approval of collective land acquisition, announcement of land acquisition, announcement of land acquisition compensation and resettlement, and settlement of collective land acquisition; 15 items, prices, basis, implementation time and scope of government-guided prices, government pricing and adjustment of charging standards; Take the initiative to disclose 7 warning information and good information in the enterprise credit information system of this Municipality; Actively disclose 79 pieces of information such as the audit results of government department budget implementation; 1,452 pieces of information on the supervision and management of public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people by administrative organs; Voluntary disclosure of other information decided by the Municipal People’s Government 3593.

　　(2) disclosing the information according to the application.

　　1. Application status. In 2017, the total number of applications accepted by administrative organs in the region was 731. Among them, the district government accepted 110 cases and the district housing and urban-rural construction Committee accepted 533 cases, mainly involving land acquisition, demolition, shed reform, demolition and other matters. Among the application methods, 659 applications were made in person, accounting for 90.2% of the total; 25 applications were made through the Internet, accounting for 3.4% of the total; 47 applications were made by letter, accounting for 6.4% of the total.

　　2. Response.

　　The number of responses to application matters was 731, of which:

　　23 items have been voluntarily disclosed, accounting for 3.1% of the total;

　　60 "consent to disclosure", accounting for 8.2% of the total;

　　"Agree to partial disclosure" 3 items, accounting for 0.4% of the total;

　　18 items were "closed", accounting for 2.5% of the total.

　　Among them: 1 item involves trade secrets, 15 items are not government information referred to in the Regulations, and 2 items belong to other circumstances stipulated by laws and regulations;

　　409 items "not disclosed by this administrative organ", accounting for 55.9% of the total,

　　196 "information does not exist", accounting for 26.8% of the total.

　　"Inform to make changes and supplements" 3 items, accounting for 0.4% of the total,

　　"Inform other ways to handle" 1 item, accounting for 0.1% of the total.

　　3 according to the application of public government information charges. The administrative organs in the whole region charge 0 yuan for searching, copying, mailing and other fees for providing government information upon application in accordance with the provisions of the Measures of Beijing Municipality on Charges for Providing Government Information upon Application (Trial).

　　(3) the reconsideration and litigation.

　　1. Administrative reconsideration. In 2017, there was no application for administrative reconsideration against Pinggu District Government; Two applications for administrative reconsideration were filed against relevant units of government information disclosure, all of which were settled. After trial by the district-level legal department, it was ruled that the administrative organ was corrected in 2 cases according to law.

　　2. Administrative litigation. In 2017, there were 3 administrative lawsuits against the Pinggu District Government, and all the parties withdrew their lawsuits; There are 3 administrative litigation cases against various government information disclosure related units, of which 1 case was withdrawn by the parties and 2 cases are under trial.

　　(four) institutional construction and security training.

　　In 2017, there were 57 specialized agencies for information disclosure in our district government, and 3 government information disclosure access points were set up. There are 137 staff engaged in government information disclosure, including 3 full-time staff and 134 part-time staff. In order to promote the openness of government affairs, our district has stepped up publicity and training in terms of improving the ability to accept applications and implementing the Guidelines for the Development of Government Websites. In the whole year, all relevant units held 158 meetings or special meetings on government information disclosure, held 144 training courses and received 4021 trainees.

　　Fourth, the existing shortcomings

　　In 2017, the information disclosure work of the local government has achieved certain results, but there are also some shortcomings: some units still have a weak awareness of active disclosure; Active disclosure of information content needs to be further standardized and institutionalized; The construction of public places for government information needs to be further strengthened.

　　V. Improvement measures

　　(a) continue to do a good job of government information disclosure.

　　First, in strict accordance with the relevant regulations, conscientiously do a good job in cleaning up and reviewing government information, and timely complete the disclosure of reports and the submission of various texts and data. Second, conscientiously do a good job in the disclosure of government information according to the application, study and discuss with the legal department the difficult problems in the disclosure of government information according to the application, and further improve various mechanisms and refine working procedures in accordance with the work requirements of "answering according to law, avoiding risks, strengthening coordination and enthusiastic service", so as to lay a foundation for standardizing the response to various government information applications. The third is to handle administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation cases steadily. In the face of people’s growing legal awareness, we should make positive preparations, cooperate with the legal department, and properly handle administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation cases caused by the disclosure of applications by relevant units.

　　(two) to promote the development of government affairs.

　　First, in accordance with the requirements of the "Implementation Opinions on the Openness of Government Affairs in Beijing", the "five openness" was solidly promoted. The second is to implement the formulation of the open list of government affairs in key areas and the disclosure of the contents of the list. The third is to implement the requirements of the "Guidelines for the Development of Government Websites" and promote the information content construction of Pinggu District government websites. Fourth, according to the new work situation, organize relevant work training to ensure the smooth development of all work.

Pinggu District People’s Government of Beijing Municipality

March 2018

Pinggu District People’s Government of Beijing MunicipalityStatistical table of government information disclosure

(2017)

The configuration performance of is a point that consumers pay more attention to. Let’s get to know each other.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Roewe RX5 first. The front face design of Roewe RX5 is very simple, and the net uses a three-piece shape, which looks very clean and refreshing. The headlights are very in line with the aesthetics of consumers and are very comfortable. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4655MM*1890MM*1664MM, the car uses lovely lines, the side gives a very delicate feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, eye-catching shape. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the Roewe RX5 rear end echoes the front end, and the taillights present a fashionable and sporty design style, coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, creating a good gas field.

Coming into the Roewe RX5 car, the interior of Roewe RX5 looks very domineering and the visual effect is good. The shape of the steering wheel of the car is eye-catching, equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, and the shape is very fighting. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 27-inch touch-sensitive LCD screen, which makes the interior style impressive, and the overall design of the central control is very good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks fashionable and simple. The car uses leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seat, electric adjustment of seat with memory, and seat proportion tilting, which makes the whole ride feel soft and comfortable.

Roewe RX5 is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 138KW and a maximum torque of 300N.m, with good power performance.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, which fully ensures the convenience and comfort of the car experience.

The moderate size of the car is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families. As long as you like it, go ahead and buy it.

　　Author: Xiang Changhe, a scholar of international issues

　　Recently, the leaders of the two major countries, the United States and Russia, have been "on the bar" again. The first to stir up trouble is the newly appointed US President Biden, who openly called Russian President Putin a "killer" in an interview with the media. It is extremely rare for the president of one country to publicly call the president of another country a "killer".

　　Russia reacted strongly. Putin responded with words: "I wish him good health!" Chairman of the Russian State Duma issued a statement: "Putin is our president, and attacking him is an attack on our country." Russia recalled its ambassador to the United States-the last time Russia recalled its ambassador to the United States was when the West launched an air strike against Iraq in 1998.

　　The confrontation between Putin and the new president of the United States seems to indicate the beginning of a new round of resentment drama. Since he came to power at the turn of the century, Putin has been in charge of Russia for more than 20 years, and has fought against five American presidents, including Clinton, George W. Bush, who fought two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Obama, who advocated a "nuclear-free world", Trump and Biden, who claimed to have been friends with Putin for a long time. Putin’s "opponents" with these American presidents are ups and downs, which can completely shoot Hollywood hit dramas for several seasons.

　　The most impressive scene of Putin VS Clinton is Clinton’s visit to Russia. A few months after Putin came to power, Clinton, at the end of his term, paid a three-day visit to Russia. Putin and Clinton met and had dinner in the Kremlin, and they had a long informal conversation. Later, Putin invited Clinton to visit his office and lounge, and attended a concert at the Kremlin Theatre. Formally speaking, the two are very close. Putin said that he had established a "good working relationship and personal relationship" with Clinton, but in the end, the two sides failed to achieve a "breakthrough" on the key issue of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. This is indeed a great pity for Clinton, who is in the final stage of his presidency.

　　Putin and George W. Bush are strangers, and "soul dialogue" is a classic scene that is often mentioned from both positive and negative aspects. At the beginning of taking office, George W. Bush, who was still a novice in diplomacy, gave Putin a scare: expelling 50 Russian diplomats for espionage. However, the turning point happened unexpectedly. In June 2001, Putin and George W. Bush met for the first time in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Putin told the story of a cross: Putin’s mother left him a wooden cross, and then his home caught fire, and all other things were burned out, except this cross. George W. Bush, who was deeply religious, was moved and made his famous remark at the press conference after the meeting: "Looking directly into Putin’s eyes, I can feel his soul. He is a trustworthy person. "

　　A few months later, when the "September 11th Incident" broke out, George W. Bush received a phone call from Putin aboard Air Force One. Putin was the first foreign head of state to call after the terrorist attack. After that, Russia supported the United States to start the war in Afghanistan, including allowing the United States to use Russian airspace. In return, on November 14th, 2001, Mr. and Mrs. Putin were invited to visit Bush’s private ranch in Texas. Since the new century, the best friend between Putin and George W. Bush has been the highest time in the interaction between US and Russian leaders. During George W. Bush’s eight years in power, he held more than 30 bilateral meetings with Putin, and Russia-US relations also gained substantial results. Russia and the United States signed a new Treaty on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms, and a mechanism dialogue was also launched between Russia and NATO.

　　Putin and Obama didn’t look at each other at all. The most typical example was the 70th anniversary of the Normandy landing in 2014. Obama didn’t even want to get too close to Putin when taking photos with him. When Obama came to power, Putin was nominally prime minister, and the White House tried to "restart" US-Russian relations by bypassing Putin. This seems to have worked for a time-signing a civil nuclear agreement and ratifying a new nuclear disarmament treaty. However, the good times did not last long. After Putin regained the presidency in 2012, he first provided shelter to Snowden, the "Prism Gate" exposer, and then publicly challenged the West in the Ukrainian crisis and incorporated Crimea into Russia without bloodshed. Obama led the expulsion of Russia from the Group of Eight, wooed western allies to impose sanctions on Russia, and the two sides fought proxy war endlessly in Syria.

　　Before Trump entered the White House, he expressed his appreciation and admiration to Putin from a distance, but until the end of Trump’s term, he failed to turn the "heroes cherish each other" between private individuals into a warm relationship between Russia and the United States. From the day he entered the White House, the sword of Damocles, "TongRumen", tossed Trump badly, not only damaging many main generals, but also suffering from impeachment. American public opinion has always suspected that Trump and Russia are tricky, and even the overtime talks with President Putin are suspected of "treason". Therefore, in order to avoid suspicion, Trump never fulfilled his promise to engage in a "Pute meeting" on American soil, but also expelled Russian diplomats and sealed up consulates, deliberately showing toughness towards Russia. In the past four years, the United States has expanded its sanctions against Russia, from Ukraine to Syria, to chemical weapons to "Beixi -2", and there is a feeling of overcorrection.

　　The feud between Putin and Biden has been going on for years-Biden famously said that the soul could not be seen through Putin’s eyes when he visited Russia as the vice president of the United States 10 years ago. Obviously, Biden borrowed the stem of George W. Bush to show his attitude of "not catching a cold" towards Russia. A few days after he took office in the White House, Biden "fired shots" on relations with Russia-"We are very worried about their behavior …" A day later, Biden and Putin made the first phone call, which once again strengthened this position. Recently, in addition to personal attacks on Putin, the United States announced at the government level that it would impose sanctions on all entities involved in the "Beixi -2" project.

　　In short, the "war of words" between Biden and Putin means the beginning of a new round of strategic game between the United States and Russia, and the following story may be wonderful.

　　With Wegovy, regarded by many as a "miracle drug for losing weight", selling well in the United States, Danish pharmaceutical giant NovoNordisk has become the second largest company in Europe after French luxury goods giant LVMH in one fell swoop, making well-known Danish companies such as Lego and Carlsberg "put to shame".

　　▲ Novo Nordisk "slimming medicine" Wegovy

　　For Denmark, with a population of only 5.8 million, Novo Nordisk has now become a "rich as an enemy" behemoth, and in 2022, Denmark’s annual GDP will not be equal to the market value of this company. The director of the Bank of Denmark admitted that because Novo Nordisk’s export scale was too large, Denmark had to deliberately lower the domestic benchmark interest rate to maintain the exchange rate balance with the euro.

　　The Danish economist Rasmussen wrote an article reminding that although Danish families who have repaid their mortgages are very happy with the policy of low interest rates, it is not a good thing for small countries to rely too much on a certain enterprise. For example, he said that the Finnish economy was highly bound to the fate of Nokia, and Finland’s economic development was seriously dragged down by Nokia after the rise of iPhone.

　　Musk "brings goods"

　　Novo Nordisk’s sales revenue increased greatly.

　　In October 2022, Tesla founder Musk replied to netizens on Twitter, saying that he lost weight crazily within one month and achieved the effect visible to the naked eye, and his secret was to regularly fast food and Wegovy.

　　The "Wegovy" mentioned by Musk is the trade name of the slimming drug "Smegrupeptide" developed by Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk. In June 2021, the drug was approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the same year, this drug was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in China mainland market, but so far this drug has not been approved for weight loss indications (that is, it cannot be used as a weight loss drug).

　　The drug is well known to the public because of Musk’s "bringing goods" and the use of it by some European and American rich people in the fields of finance, science and technology to lose weight, which has also caused the sales of Wegovy to soar, and even Ozempic, a sister product of Novo Nordisk (Chinese name "Novo Thai"), is out of stock globally due to its hot sale. Searching for "Wegovy" and "Ozempic" on overseas social platforms, there are a lot of videos to promote their weight loss effect, and the related tags have accumulated hundreds of millions of views.

　　On August 10th, Novo Nordisk reported in its semi-annual report that its sales increased by 30% and its operating profit increased by 32% in the first half of this year at constant exchange rate. Thanks to the market interest in Wegovy, its diabetes and obesity departments performed particularly well. In the North American market, the company’s sales of diet pills increased by 46%.

　　Lars Joergensen, President and CEO of Novo Nordisk, said in a statement: "The sales growth is due to the increasing market demand for diabetes and obesity treatment, and our company serves more patients than ever before. The performance in the first six months has enabled us to improve our expectations for the whole year. "

　　Director of Danish Bank:

　　The hot sale of "slimming medicine" affects the interest rate decision

　　In the booming sales situation, Novo Nordisk’s share price rose by 73% this year, becoming the second largest company in Europe, and its market value is second only to that of French luxury goods giant LVMH.

　　Based on the latest closing price, the market value of Novo Nordisk is about US$ 417.8 billion (about RMB 3.05 trillion). Last year, Denmark’s GDP totaled 398.3 billion US dollars (about 2.9 trillion yuan), which was still less than the market value of a company of Novo Nordisk. Because Novo Nordisk has brought huge export income to Denmark, Denmark even had to lower interest rates and increase foreign exchange reserves to deliberately weaken the competitiveness of its currency.

　　Jens Petersen, director of the Bank of Denmark, said helplessly: "It sounds like a joke to say that the American weight loss craze has affected Denmark’s benchmark interest rate, but in fact it is true."

　　▲ Danish scenery

　　On August 16th, local time, the report issued by the Bank of Denmark said, "We have seen the growing role of the pharmaceutical industry in the Danish economy, which has put pressure on the currency exchange rate and the national policy interest rate, and there is a real connection between them."

　　At present, Denmark’s monetary policy is linked to the euro, so the country’s central bank fine-tunes its monetary policy through money market intervention and interest rate adjustment, so as to keep the exchange rate of Danish krona stable against the euro. Due to the explosive growth of Novo Nordisk’s performance, foreign businessmen rushed to buy Danish krone to buy popular drugs such as Wegovy, and the trend of Danish krone has been very strong compared with the euro.

　　In order to keep the exchange rate balanced, the Danish monetary authorities must deliberately weaken the competitiveness of the krona, so they cut Denmark’s benchmark interest rate to a level lower than the euro zone interest rate. According to the report of the Bank of Denmark, due to the continuous strengthening of pharmaceutical exports, Denmark may be forced to expand the interest rate difference to more than 40 basis points, and at the same time, Denmark will increase foreign exchange reserves such as the euro.

　　Sydbank, another bank, estimates that since the end of 2021, the pharmaceutical industry has increased Denmark’s GDP by nearly 2%. The bank is worried that the "outshine others" of the pharmaceutical industry may cover up the weaknesses of the Danish economy in other fields.

　　Economist:

　　Finland and Nokia are "lessons from the past"

　　Danish economist Sinus Rasmussen wrote that although Novo Nordisk’s success has created employment opportunities and local investment in Denmark, and Denmark’s low interest rate policy has also benefited families who have repaid their mortgages, he still reminds Danes that the lifeline of the national economy should not be tied to one company.

　　Rasmussen said: "For small countries, it is risky to let a domestic company play such a disproportionate role in the economy. Many years ago, Finland’s economy was dominated by telecom giant Nokia. At its peak in 2000, the company’s revenue accounted for 4% of Finland’s GDP, more than one-fifth of its exports and 70% of the national stock value. It played an important role in Finland’s growth from 1995 to 2007. During that time, Finland’s per capita GDP increased by 55%, almost twice the growth rate of the United States. "

　　However, the decline of Nokia also coincides with Finland’s economic stagnation track after the 2008 financial crisis. Some analysts pointed out that because the iPhone launched by Apple brought about tremendous changes in the mobile phone market, the collapse of Nokia in the mobile phone market aggravated Finland’s economic difficulties. Under the influence of austerity policies and the involvement of the euro zone crisis, Finland’s national per capita income continued to decline in the next decade.

　　Red Star journalist Zheng Zhi

　　　Every woman will experience more than 450 menstruation in her life. As a normal physiological phenomenon, the word "menstruation" seems to be a forbidden word in daily communication. We will call it "unlucky" and "that’s coming", pack it in a black bag when we buy sanitary napkins, and give "sanitary napkins" many codes. Menstruation is the natural circulation of the body, and it should not be taboo.

　　Sanitary napkins closely related to menstruation, as women’s "close partners", production quality and quality control are also the focus of everyone’s attention. Liu Xinyue, the host, came to Sophie’s factory in Shanghai to discuss the topic of women’s health at the front line of sanitary napkin production and feel the gentle protection of "her strength". As a well-known female nursing brand in China, Sophie has always been committed to providing high-quality products and services for women during their physiological period.

　　Knowledge popularization: Is there "cotton" in sanitary napkins? Fluorescence detection is not absolute!

　　"Sanitary cotton" is a way that many people call sanitary napkins. It mainly comes from the fact that the surface materials of sanitary napkins are mostly cotton products, and the texture is particularly soft like cotton. In 1970s and 1980s, researchers found that cotton products were weak in water absorption. Through research, they found a new material — — "fluff pulp". Black-hearted cotton, on the other hand, is a kind of unscrupulous merchants recycling all kinds of used materials and using them after secondary processing, which is harmful to human body and does not meet the national standards (GB15979 stipulates that disposable products such as sanitary napkins are prohibited from using recycled raw materials). At present, most sanitary napkins produced in the market use "fluff pulp" as the raw material, while fluff pulp is neither cotton nor cotton. It is a kind of absorbent pulp paper, and its main component is wood. In terms of composition, fluff pulp has nothing to do with black-hearted cotton.

　　The problem of fluorescent agent is also concerned by the public. Fluorescent agent itself is a fluorescent dye, which can excite fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation to improve the whiteness and luster of products. Many consumers spontaneously use purple flashlight to illuminate products and check whether there is fluorescent agent. This method is not rigorous, because the existence of fluorescence does not mean that it contains fluorescent whitening agents, such as some protein, dander, and even some foods will have a weak fluorescence reaction. Professional testing needs to be carried out under specific conditions, and professional equipment and methods are needed. To sum up, when purchasing sanitary napkins, consumers should give priority to products from regular channels and well-known brands, and pay attention to the information on product packaging and test reports to ensure the purchase of safe and qualified products. As long as the sanitary towel products you buy meet the national standards, you can use them with peace of mind.

　　When we buy sanitary napkins, we must pay attention to the following points:

　　First, try to choose products from manufacturers with guaranteed reputation.

　　Second, it is necessary to read clearly the words "brand trademark" on the outer packaging, and pay special attention to whether there is a quasi-cancellation number of health permit. We should choose products that meet the national implementation standard GB/T8939 and hygiene standard GB15979.

　　Third, sanitary napkins also have a service life. Try to buy sanitary napkins with fresh factory date. With the passage of time and the influence of storage environment, sanitary napkins will gradually accumulate bacteria, and beyond the time limit, they will lose their health protection. Buy as you want, and it is not advisable to stock up.

　　Fourth, don’t buy bulk products. Bulk sanitary napkins have no outer packaging, no production license, no production date and no producer information, and belong to the standard "three noes" products. If the package is damaged, there will be bacterial invasion, and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.) will exceed the standard, which is likely to cause gynecological inflammation.

　　In the AI era, innovative technology changes production capacity and quality control!

　　Going straight to the front line and shouldering the heavy responsibility of strictly examining the safety and quality of products, the host Liu Xinyue carefully supervised the whole process from raw materials entering the factory to the whole box sending out at Sufi Factory, and personally experienced the great potential of technology changing life and AI helping production.

　　AI technology applied to production line can realize intelligent detection and control of product quality. For example, through the cooperation of computer high-speed camera vision technology and Bigdata high-speed computing function, the product surface can be detected in a non-contact way, and the state of the product can be captured in real time, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of defect detection. Sophie’s production line has several advanced machine high-speed cameras, which are responsible for shooting the surface of products, and can accurately detect 1mm of substances of various colors. If it is inconsistent with the normal state, the equipment will automatically eliminate it, and the frequency of identification can reach more than 1500 times per minute. At the same time, AI technology can also make the production process more automatic and intelligent, reduce the interference and mistakes of human factors, and improve product quality and production efficiency.

　　Sophie’s equipment is also equipped with thousands of automatic sensors, equipped with advanced metal detectors and weight detectors in the industry. Metal detectors can detect all kinds of tiny metal particles to ensure that the products do not contain metal substances. The function of the weight detector is to detect the weight of the packaged product. In case the product is missing one or more pieces, 100% can be detected by this equipment. Only in this way can we ensure that the products purchased by consumers and customers are high-quality, safe and healthy products.

　　Bud charity! Big companies have great love!

　　According to the survey, women experience menstruation for about 2,400 days in their lifetime, and nearly 15,000 sanitary napkins will be used! Many women are still deeply troubled by menstrual period and sanitary towel problems. Many mountain girls are still deeply afraid of menarche because they have not received adolescent education and self-protection knowledge. Some girls suffer from gynecological diseases at an early age because of long-term use of self-made "sanitary napkins" or bulk sanitary napkins with no source to check. Sophie, as one of the famous brands of sanitary products, also shoulders the social responsibility of "liberating people from all kinds of burdens and gently guarding their body and mind". They held a "Sophie companion ‘ Ni ’ Public welfare activities such as "Happy Growth" and "Guarding Buds" donate women’s articles to poor areas and popularize women’s health knowledge such as menarche education, thus contributing to the health and education of young women in poor areas. The person in charge of the brand said that although the ability of a company is limited, they will strive to drive more people to have a correct understanding of menstruation, so that more girls who love cocoa can use sanitary napkins with better quality, safety and peace of mind.

　　"The power of women is infinite and enormous". During Sophie’s visit to the factory, we saw an excellent female hygiene brand with a strong sense of social responsibility, which constantly started from the needs of women, constantly innovated in products, and silently adhered to the quality for users. We also want to tell all women that at any time, you deserve all tenderness and care, and you can live your own ideal world.

In the [Easy Car Jingzhou Local Car Market Promotion Channel], we sorted out the ongoing
Preferential activities. As a car that has attracted much attention, ZEEKR 001′ s current discount rate is still very amazing. The highest discount rate can even reach 21,000, and the lowest starting price is only 238,000. You can win a larger discount rate by clicking the "Inquiry" button in the quotation form. If you are looking for a practical and affordable model, you may wish to learn about the preferential situation of ZEEKR 001.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of ZEEKR 001 first. The front face of ZEEKR 001 looks very tough and looks hard. Then the sharp headlight design is adopted, and the design looks very hard. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, headlight height adjustment, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4977MM*1999MM*1533MM, the car adopts cold lines, and the side of the car presents an elegant design style, which is eye-catching with large-sized thick-walled tires. In the rear part, ZEEKR 001′ s overall shape echoes the front of the car, and the taillights are very cool. Overall, it is quite atmospheric.

When entering the car, ZEEKR 001 interior presents a comfortable design style with high overall recognition. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of genuine leather, giving a good grip experience. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 15.05-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks very simple. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks cool. The car uses leather seats, equipped with sports style seats, auxiliary seat with memory electric adjustment, seat with memory electric adjustment, seat proportion down and other functions, which has good support and comfort.

ZEEKR 001 is matched with a fixed gear ratio gearbox, with an acceleration time of 3.3s seconds per 100 kilometers, and the power is completely OK for daily use.

As a high-end pure electric coupe SUV, ZEEKR 001 really performs well in overall space performance. Both front and rear passengers can get enough head and leg space, and the seat design is also very comfortable, which can provide a good riding experience. In addition, ZEEKR 001 is also excellent in handling performance, the suspension of the vehicle is properly adjusted, the body stability is excellent when cornering, and the steering is accurate, which brings a very excellent driving experience. Generally speaking, ZEEKR 001 is a high-quality electric vehicle with both internal and external repairs, which is worthy of consumers’ attention and choice.

Maintenance cost of icar 03tNot high..

First of all, as a new energy vehicle, icar 03t has no complicated mechanical parts of traditional fuel vehicles and relatively few maintenance items. This makes the maintenance process easier, thus reducing the maintenance cost.

Secondly, the battery and other key components of icar 03t are reliable in quality, and the manufacturer provides long-term warranty service. This means that car owners spend less on maintenance in this area, further reducing the overall maintenance cost.

Furthermore, the energy consumption of icar 03t is economical, and the use cost per kilometer is low. This low energy consumption feature can not only save energy, but also indirectly reduce maintenance costs.

In addition, the replacement frequency of vulnerable parts of icar 03t is not high, and the price is reasonable. This also means that car owners do not need to change expensive accessories frequently during their daily use.

In addition, manufacturers will launch some preferential activities from time to time, such as free maintenance times and parts discounts. These preferential measures further reduce the maintenance cost and enable car owners to enjoy more benefits.

On the whole, the maintenance cost of icar 03t has certain advantages in the same class of vehicles, and will not bring too much economic pressure to the owners. This economical feature makes icar 03t a model worthy of consideration.